Rasha Janar Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolaevich: biography, awards

Janar Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin aka haife Maris 17, 1848 a Estate Sheshurino a Pskov lardin. Mahaifinsa mai ritaya kyaftin. A soja ba dansa a dace da ilimi, aika da shi na farko da farko ɗan jam'iyyar kadet Corps, sa'an nan a cikin Pavlovsk Soja School, inda ya kammala a cikin 1866.

soja Career

Saki tare da daraja, Laftanar Janar Kuropatkin gaba, ya tafi zuwa Turkestan, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 1st Turkestan bindiga bataliya. Riga a wani matasa shekaru, ya dauki bangare a cikin fama sorties a Khanate na Kokand da Buhari masarautar. Khiva ya zama wani tsanani gwajin yaƙin neman zaɓe a gare shi. A farko fama da kwarewa kawai kulla saurayin ta so su bi wani aiki a cikin rundunar soja.

A 1871, Kyaftin Alexei Kuropatkin shiga Nicholas Janar Staff Academy. Ya sauke karatu daga makaranta na farko a cikin jerin. Ta atomatik bugawa Gaba Staff, Kuropatkin tafi zuwa wani waje tafiya a lokacin da ya ziyarci Faransa, Jamus, kuma ko da Algeria. A Afirka, jami'in da ya halarci wani balaguro zuwa Sahara. Ya taimake Faransa sojojin a suppressing da juriya gida maharan. A wannan soja samu da Tuli na karimci. Tafiya kwarewa kafa tushen ga littafin "Algeria", da aka buga a 1877.

A sabis na Fatherland

Bayan Nicholas Academy Kuropatkin ba shi ne kyaftin, da kuma kyaftin. Dawo gida daga kasar Aljeriya, ya yardarsa ya bayar up wani aiki a cikin Janar Staff da kuma a 1875 sake tafi Turkestan. A halin yanzu akwai fara gangamin da Kokand gauraya Bey. Future Janar Kuropatkin farko zuwa shigar da Uch-Kurgan sansanin soja, domin wanda ya karbi Order of St. George 4-th digiri. Kansa ya Kanar Mikhail Skobelev, wanda ya umarci sojojin na Fergana yankin.

A karo na biyu, suka yi saduwa a yayin Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1877-1878. A wannan lokaci, Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin riga sa da daraja na Laftanar Kanar. Ya umarta a hedkwatar 16th dakaru Division, da kuma sosai rabo ya jagoranci duk wannan Skobelev. Tare da suke dauki bangare a cikin fadace-fadace na Pleven da Lovech. Bayan sanannen mararraba na Balkans Kuropatkin godiya na rubuta cewa koyi abubuwa da yawa daga Skobeleva farko audacity kuma tabbatar da dalilin. A yakin Plevna Alexei Nikolaevich aka munanan raunuka (kusa da shi fashe da cikakken cajin akwatin), kuma ya yi daga aiki.

Bayan magani da kuma dawo da Kuropatkin yi aiki a takaice a cikin Janar Staff. A 1879, ya dauki umurnin 1st Turkestan dakaru Brigade. Sa'an nan ya bi da wani lokaci na diplomasiyya da kuma soja manufa a Faransa, Iran da kuma kasar Sin. A 1880-1881 gg. Kuropatkin halarci Akhal-Teke yaƙin neman zaɓe. Bayan da aka fara shekaru bakwai na lokacin aikin a cikin Janar Staff, inda soja ya gudanar da daban-daban muhimmanci matsayi.

Kamar yadda shugaba ga ministan

Tun 1890, Kuropatkin - Lieutenant-Janar. A wannan daraja ya umarci dakarun dake a cikin Trans-Caspian yankin. A nan, soja ya nuna su ikon gudanarwa - Region samu gagarumin Russification. A karkashin ya jagoranci a cikin filin ya zama habaka masana'antu, cinikayya, aikin gona, girma kauyuka da kuma garuruwa. Yana fara mulkin mallaka na Transcaspian Rasha natsuwa, musamman Rasha makaranta gina daya ta yara.

Gudanarwa dace Kuropatkina ya ba su tafi ba a gane shi. A 1898 ya nada shi ministan yaki a Rasha. Wannan post Janar Kuropatkin bauta shekara shida, har sai farkon yaki da Japan. Gangamin Alexei gana da daraja na Adjutant Janar.

The yaki da Japan

A da Rasha-Japanese yaki na 1904-1905. Shi ya zama wata babbar kalubale ga Kuropatkina ya aiki. Har kwanan nan, aka yayatawa cewa shi zai sa a-manyan a farkon yakin. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan wuri, Tsar Nicholas II nada Admiral Alexeyev.

Kuropatkin ba ta kasance a kansa mutumin a cikin fadar kotu. The yaki zai yi da shi mafi m ja da baya da kuma m. A watan Fabrairu 1904, da yanzu tsohon ministan War zama kwamandan muhimmanci Manchurian Army, kuma a watan Oktoba - kwamandan Far East maimakon wanda aka azabtar Alekseeva fiasco.

Kafin wannan ganawa, Kuropatkin da tsanani gwajin, wanda ya gaza mediocre. Suka zama yakin Liaoyang, tying Agusta 24, suka kuma ƙare a kan Satumba 3, 1904. Yana fara tare da shelling Rasha matsayi, shirya da gaba raka'a Marshal Oyama. Sa'an nan, da Japan sun dauka kara da kama da dama muhimmanci Heights.

A sabon hari ya faru a daren 26 ga watan Agusta. Japan hit a kan Siberian 3rd da 10th Army Corps. M da matsanancin fushi da kai hari a kan kasar Japan ya ci tura. Very manyan hasarori da suka sha wahala a kan Dutsen artisanal, inda wani gagarumin yawan sojoji zo karkashin wuta daga Rasha manyan bindigogi.

A wannan halin da ake ciki Kuropatkin zai iya daukar wani tasiri duka zuwa ga raya da makiya m. Duk da haka, da janar yanke shawarar koma baya. Da sojojin bar dace daga ra'ayi na tsaro na duwatsu da kuma m matsayi. Place yaƙi da aka jefa a zuba ruwan sama, da sojoji koma gwiwa-zurfi a cikin m laka, rasa bindigogi da kuma mutuwa dawakai.

Battle of Liaoyang nuna wani babban mataki ne na Japan m. Amfani da takamaiman bayani game da motsi na da abokan gaba, Marshal Oyama ba tsoma baki tare da Rasha, tsammani da dabara kwaɓe, shi zasu iya amfana. A Japan jira m wãbilin hadari ya sãmu, a cikin alfarwansu.

Duk da haka, a cikin kwanaki da suka biyo, duk da m matsayi na Rasha nasarar yaƙi kashe duk sabon da kuma sabon harin. Satumba 20, Mas Oyama fara shirya don koma baya. Kuropatkin doke shi ga dama hours. Ya ji tsoron wani flank ɗaukar hoto, wanda da Japan iya ba ko da mafarkin, da farko zuwa bar matsayinsa, tun koma Mukden.

Oyama bai bi da Rasha, da tsoron cewa sun shirya wasu hadaddun da ba gaba ɗaya bayyana rawar daji. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Japan ya fi mamaki a lokacin da suka samu don kome ba bar Kuropatkin Liaoyang. Akwai su kãmã manyan hannun jari na kayan aiki, da tufafi, da abinci da kuma harsasai. Duk wadannan abubuwa da aka kawo wa Far East daga Turai Rasha, kuma sun kasance su taimaka a cikin aiki na taimaka Port Arthur. Duk da haka, saboda cirkaka Janar Kuropatkin duk wadannan dabarun tsare-tsaren a baya.

Battle na Shah

A gaba manyan yaki don Janar Kuropatkin ya yi wani yaƙi a Kogin Yufiretis Shahe (as shi ne ake kira Shaheyskim yaƙi). 5 Yaƙi fara da ƙare Oktoba 17, 1904. Sarkin ya ji haushi da gazawar Liaoyang da nema Kuropatkina hari a kan sojojin na Marshal Oyama.

A hari tsawon kwanaki biyu. Sa'an nan, da Japan umurnin yanke shawarar kama da dabarun shirin. Oktoba 10 shi kaddamar da kansa m. Babban duka fadi a kan 10th da 17th Army Corps. Fadace-fadace da aka yi yaƙi da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara. Bayan kwanaki da dama na adawa tsakanin haɗuwar jama'a biyu, ya fara ɗaure a cikin matsayi. A sakamakon gaban miƙa ta kilomita 60. Domin Martial Arts shi ne mai gaba daya sabon abu, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A sakamakon hare-hare da kuma counter-hare, babu wani daga cikin jam'iyyun da sa kafin a aiki ba a gama ba.

Yaƙin game Sandepu

The yaƙi a kan kogin ya kai ga Shah, kusa Mukden Rasha sojojin mayar da hankali a cikin darajar 320 dubu mutane. Wannan sojojin koro unchallenged ya zama kwamandan Far East, Janar Kuropatkin. A Rasha-Japanese War ya riga isa asarar da hasãra ayyukan. Yanzu da soja jagoranci da bãbu wani hakki a yin kuskure.

A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, Janairu 25, 1905 ya fara yakin Sandepu. A Rasha sojojin kungiyar ta shirya ta gaba m, ko duk da cewa a lokacin da shi ba m da za su gudanar da aiki soja a hunturu. By karshen rana ta farko na aiki Siberian bindiga Corps kama Heygoutay - a key batu na sojojin Marshal Oka. Japan mayar da su cikin asusun ajiyar. Siberian bindiga Corps ya dakatar da kai na tsaron gida matsayi.

Kashegari (26 Janairu), da Japan kaucewa hari na 14th dakaru Division. A dare, biyu regiments sake mayar da su cikin kusa da} auyensu, shan ta key burin - Sandepu. Duk da haka, a cikin duhu, da rawar daji kasa. Sojojin Rasha suka kama quite wani kauye da aka ƙarshe tilasta koma baya.

Wani yunkurin kama Sandepu aka shirya for 28 Janairu. A Japan, duk da haka, an ba za samar da himma kansu counterattacked. Babban manufar harin da aka m 1st Siberian Corps. By marigayi rana, nauyi yãƙi sa a cikin nasarar da Rasha sojojin, ko kuma wajen da 31 ga watan dakaru Division. Its sojoji sun shagaltar da dama kauyuka a cikin kusanci Sandepu. Bugu da ƙari, suka tafi don su raya na Japan, tunzura su a cikin wani sosai mizani. A gaskiya ma, maƙiyi ne a kan gab da encirclement da halaka.

A wannan mafi muhimmanci lokacin da rikici ya barke tsakanin Rasha kwamandojin. Kuropatkin tunani da ayyuka na ta sojojin ne ma m. Daya daga cikin nasara harin da aka kullum da za'ayi a kashe Annabãwa bã da da umarnin. Cif na ƙaramin generals himma ba yarda. Ya kawar da 'yan key mutane, ciki har da a tsaye a kansa, daga 2nd Manchurian Army Oscar Ferdinand Grippenberg. Wannan dakaru janar ya haka outraged da ayyuka na Kuropatkina cewa zarge shi da karya da aiki da kuma ya tafi zuwa St. Petersburg.

Saboda ma'aikatan musũ yakin Sandepu zahiri ƙare a kome. Rasha sojojin sake ba doke da Japan da kuma canza hanya na yaki. A halin wannan tarihi ne kiyaye.

Mukden bala'i

Duk yadda babban da wani m ya kasance baya kasawa da Rasha sojojin a cikin yaki tare da kasar Japan, mafi muhimmanci a gare ta yaki ya zauna gaba. Wannan culmination na yakin shi ne yaki na Mukden (Fabrairu 19 - Maris 10, 1905). Bloodletting aka za'ayi a gaban 150 kilomita tsawo. A garesu na game da rabin miliyan mutanen da suka aikata a cikinsa. 250 aka yi amfani don sabon yaƙi bindigogi da kuma 2,500 manyan bindigogi guda. A yãƙi da'awar 24 dubu rayuka (fiye da 130 suka ji rauni dubu).

Battle of Mukden ya yi wani yaƙi a cikin classic ma'anarta. Yana kunshi yawa kananan collisions cewa ya faru a sassa daban daban na sararin gaban. Mincer ya fara da Japan hari, da kuma cewa Japan cikin shakka daga cikin dukan mazaunan watan tambayi wani yaki. Duk da ƙarfin hali na Rasha da sojoji, da abokan gaba, damƙa mafi ci gaba da ƙara. Bayan wani workaround uku Japan sojojin Alexei Kuropatkin umurni da a yi ritaya. Ba da da ewa makiya sun shagaltar da Mukden. Abin da ya faru a Rasha an gani kamar wani bala'i.

The m sakamako na yaƙi ticked kashe ikon. Alexei Kuropatkin aka kwace da lakabi na kwamandan a shugaba. Sauran yaki ya ciyar a kai na 1st Manchurian sojojin. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Nikolai Linevich. A yaƙin neman zaɓe, duk da haka, ya riga an rasa. Ba da da ewa, Japan ya iya gabatar da shi da sauki ga wata yarjejeniya da yanayi.

kuskure analysis

Ƙare da Rasha-Japanese yaki na 1904-1905. Yana ne dalilin da farko Rasha juyin juya halin. M Portsmouth Aminci ya jagoranci yawa soja tunani game da Sanadin unprecedented a cikin tarihin kasar da shan kashi na abokan gaba, wanda har kwanan nan babu wanda ya dauki tsanani. A cikin farkawa daga wadannan moods Janar Kuropatkin ritaya don ya Estate da kuma kafa game da rubuta wani littafi game da karshe yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya hudu-girma "Bayanan kula a kan Rasha-Japanese War" da aka buga a 1906.

Rigingimu da da gabashin makwabcin ya nuna cewa tsohon dabara da kuma dabarun da kwarewa na XIX karni zama m. A cikin littafinsa, tsohon ministan War, Rasha ya lura da manyan cibiyoyi kasawan na Rasha sojojin, wadda daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci wani sosai m shan kashi. Sun hada da shirye-shiryen da sababbu sojoji, janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a, fasaha kayan aiki da sauransu. D. The yaki da Japan suka kai ga hadari, amma dukan duniya hastily shirye domin kara manyan sikelin-yaki. A cikin wadannan yanayi, Rasha ya bukatar wani m gyara daga cikin sojojin. Ko da yake Kuropatkin da murabus, ya zauna a wani memba na majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin da kuma kokarin bayar da gudummawa ga zamanintar da sojoji.

Sake a gaban

A shekara ta 1914 yakin duniya na farko. Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin, sojan kasar sun kiyaye, duk da m shan kashi, nan da nan ya nemi sojojin, kuma ya karbi ƙi na Grand Duke Nicholas. A farko watanni da rikici ya shirya taimako munanan raunuka sanda.

A cikin watan Satumba 1915, a lokacin da kwamandan a manyan zama Nicholas II, wanda Alexei Kuropatkin aka nada ga umarnin da Grenadier Corps. Wadannan Fabrairu, general aka sa a lura da dukan da Arewa Front, wanda aka located a kan bankunan na Yammacin Dvina. A wannan matsayi, nan da nan ya kafa game da shirya zuwa ga wani hari. The aiki fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa nisa daga Riga, wanda gudana 12th Army. Sojoji kãma 'yan Lines hankali kare ramuka, amma saboda matsin lamba a kan sãsanninsu suka tattara zuwa ga tsohon matsayi.

A duk da kome, Janar Kuropatkin, wanda biography aka kunshi yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da, ba na rashin fatan samun nasara a yaki da Jamus. Daga 21 zuwa 26 ga watan Maris 1916 a ci gaba da gaba da rundunarsa a kusa da Yakobshtadta, wanda ya kafa wani qafafunku. A lokacin wannan aiki, sojojin Rasha gudanar ya ci gaba kawai 'yan kilomita.

Afrilu 14 Kuropatkin umurni halarci wani taro, da Shugaban kan ta sarki. Janar gabatar da wani rahoto a kan yanayi na kwanan nan da ya faru na gazawar. A dalilan da gazawar na aiki da aka kira mummunan yanayi, karye hanyoyi da kuma erroneous amfani da manyan bindigogi.

Summer a kudu ya fara shahara Brusilov laifi. Kuropatkin, wanda ya kasance a cikin Baltic States, ya m ga dama makonni da kuma a cikin Yuli kaddamar da wani hari a kan Bauska, a cikin abin da suka sashi duk wannan 12th Army. Connection rasa 15 dubu mutane, amma ko da bayan kwana shida na fada ba su iya su mallaki birnin. Rashin Kuropatkina tafi kada a gane shi a kan bango na asar, sai murna Brusilovski nasara.

Karshen rayuwa da kuma na karshe shekaru

A watan Yuli 1916 Kuropatkin aka aiko zuwa riga ya saba wa shi Turkestan, inda ya zama Gwamna Janar da kuma Amirul. A wannan daraja, sai ya sadu da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. A sabuwar gwamnatin Ya riƙe matsayinsa, ya tabbatar da musamman sakon waya. Duk da haka, wa masĩfa, Janar Kuropatkin, wanda awards da kadan sha'awa cikin rikici da majalisar Sojoji 'da ma'aikata' wakilai na Uzbekistan. Kwamandan na farko karkashin sanya gidan kama, da kuma bayan tauye matsayi, aika zuwa Petrograd.

A lokacin rani na 1917 a saman da Alexander kwamitin ya yi aiki a kan rauni. Da ciwon da gwaninta na kula jami'an dake da nakasa, kuma ya zo Janar Kuropatkin. Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, ya koma ƙasarsa Pskov lardin, inda ya rayu ga sauran tsufa. Alexey shirya wani yankunan karkara makaranta da gudu cikin gida library, wanda ya sanya ya zama nasu babba kudi. Daga baya, ta kayan, ciki har da sauran bayan aiki a kan wani littafin game da Rasha-Japanese War, aka canjawa wuri zuwa Rasha Jihar Soja Tarihi Amsoshi. Alexei Kuropatkin ya mutu a kan 16 Janairu 1925 yana da shekaru 76 years.

karrama

Domin heroism da kuma ƙarfin hali na Plevna a 1878 Kuropatkin samu zinariya takobi da rubutu "Ga Jajircewa" da kuma Order of St. Anne kuma St. Stanislaus 2 nd digiri. Bayan yaki da Turkey, ya kuma lashe yawa duniya awards. Daga cikin su aka mika Serbian hukumomi domin gicciyen takovo. A daidai wannan Kuropatkin ya karbi lambar yabo "Ga ƙarfin hali" Montenegro. Daga baya a kan ya tafi zuwa ga Balkan kasashen ma Order na Star na Romania, kazalika da Order of "Saint Alexander" Bulgaria.

Domin da kasa Rasha-Japanese yaki na awards Kuropatkin ba samu. Amma a 1890 ya aka bayar da Order of White Eagle da Order of St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. A kan Hauwa'u na yaki tare da Japan da wannan lambar yabo da muka kara musamman lu'u-lu'u alamun cewa nuna wani musamman taimako ga jihar general.