Makhnovshchina - shi ne anarchism ko fashi?

Makhnovshchina - wani motsi a lokacin yakin basasa, da akidar wanda ya fasali na anarchism. Sunan zo daga sunan jagoran anarchists - Nestor Makhno. A cikin tarihi na yakin basasa, da adadi na Nestor Makhno shagaltar da wani wuri na musamman, wannan mythical gwarzo, kuma a cikin aikin hukuma adabi ne sharply korau adadi na makiya, da siyasa mai kasada, wani ɗan fashi. Wadannan fuskanci kada ka tsaya har zuwa zargi, rashin isasshen zurfin, tsanani shirin salon mahawara. Suka halitta mai ba daidai ba image ne ba kawai mutum daya amma dukan mamaki na zamantakewa da rayuwa, kamar Makhnovshchina a lokacin yakin basasa.

Lokacin da motsi aka haife Nestor Makhno?

The asalin za a iya gani a matsayin shekarar 1918. Makhnovshchina a lokacin yakin basasa da wata} hoto. The sojojin karkashin jagorancin Makhno tafi kudu Katerinoslavshchina manoma, wanda rayayye halarci kafa na Soviet da iko a Ukraine a farkon rabin shekara ta 1919. A game da wannan lokaci na da ayyukan da ake magana a kai a cikin wannan ɗaba'ar. Sai hanya Makhnovists da Red Army fara diverge kara da kara. Duk da wannan, 'yan tawayen sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shan kashi na Denikin, Wrangel sa'an nan.

Nestor Makhno - a talented Oganeza

A cikin gwagwarmayar da makiyan juyin juya halin Musulunci, Nestor Makhno nuna kansa da wani talented Oganeza da asali yaƙin kwamandan. A karkashin ya jagoranci, a wasu lokutan sõyayya dubban manoma.

A zuciya na da bambance-bambance tsakanin Makhnovists da Soviet hukumomin sa kin amincewa peasantry siyasa na "yaki kwaminisanci", kazalika da daban-daban ra'ayoyi na Bolsheviks da anarchists a jihar ta rawa a cikin shiri na gurguzanci. Bayan da gabatarwar sabon tattalin arziki siyasa da yawancin manoma bar Makhno sojojin. Makhnovshchina - wani motsi da cewa ya fara samun halin siyasa gangsterism. Babu shakka, wannan hujja da kuma sanya Makhno, wanda ya kasance yana isar naushe na Red Army, da ta dakatar da kara fada da a watan Agusta 1921, su ƙetare kan iyaka da Romania.

Sakamako a kan Nestor Mahno anarchistic motsi

Makamantan bayanai na ra'ayi za a iya samu a cikin Makhnovshchina. Wannan motsi ya zama wani irin "brainchild" na Nestor Makhno. Maharan sau da yawa kira ba wani abu ba kamar yadda "mahaifinka."

Wannan tawayen suna ya yi girman kai, kuma sau da yawa a shiga jama'a takardun.

By karshen 1918, Nestor Makhno gudanar ya gama karkashin umurnin mafiya yawa daga cikin kungiyoyin 'yan tawayen da ke aiki a yankin. A karshen shekarar 1918, Nestor Makhno, tare da Soviet sojojin gudanar da wani tsoro aiki to, ku kãmã Ekaterinoslav, amma nasarar da aka short-rayu. A garin ya auku tare da gagarumin hasarori.

Nestor Makhno da Soviet gwamnati

A watan Fabrairu 1919, wata yarjejeniya a kan shigarwa na da sojojin da aka sa hannu da ma'aikatan Nestora Mahno a cikin ja Zadneprovski Division matsayin 3rd Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - wani motsi da cewa bambanta ƙarfin zuciya a cikin fadace-fadace da dakarun na Entente da fari a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1919. Su aka kama Mariupol. Amma tsakanin 'yan tawaye da Bolsheviks akwai kaifi bambance-bambance a akida al'amurran da suka shafi. Makhno iya ba a gane manufa da mulkin kama karya na proletariat da "yaki kwaminisanci", musamman da ragi da socialization na aikin noma. Wadannan sabani sun zama aggravated da musamman karfi a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1919, ya kai ga juna zargin kuma ya zama wani abin sa tuntuɓe a dangantakar bayan Trotsky kaddamar da wani gwagwarmaya da "partisan" a cikin Ukrainian gaban.

Da muhimmancin da Anarchist motsi a cikin shan kashi na sojojin A.Denikin

A watan Agusta shekara ta 1919, Nestor Makhno sanar halittar wani sauyi insurgent sojojin Ukraine. Ta} o} arin da aka mayar da hankali musamman a kan yaki da Denikin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya hau kan mafi yawan Ukraine, da kuma jagoranci mai nasara m on Moscow. A watan Satumba Makhno shiga wani gajere ƙawance da Army Ukrainian jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar kan hadin gwiwa mataki da Denikin. A yakin Peregonovka kusa Uman Makhnovists m choicest jami'in shelves fari, sa'an nan Ya sanya wani m kai hari a raya na fari a kudancin Ukraine, sa'an nan a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1919, kusan gaba daya disorganized su. Makhno a lokacin wannan lokaci ci birnin na Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, kuri'a, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Wannan muhimmin al'amari ya tilasta Janar A. Denikin ta fi mahaya raka'a cire daga Bolshevik gaban da kuma jefa su a kan 'yan tawayen. Wannan, bi da bi, a yarda da ja dakatar da gaba da Anton Denikin, kuma ka kau da komowar ruwa a cikin ni'ima. Amma wannan lokaci mai cikakken fledged ƙawance da ja Makhno kasa.

Da zarar Denikin hatsari an shawo kan, da Red Army daga Janairu 1920 ya jagoranci yaki ya hallaka Makhnovist. A lokacin rani na 1920, sanya karshe 3 hari a kan Hagu-Bank Ukraine, a general, keta 1,400 mil. A cikin fall na 1920 tips reused Makhno a cikin yaki tare da sojojin Janar Wrangel. Makhnovist sojan doki kai hari a cikin raya na fari, ya halarci mararraba na Sivash da Perekop karaya tsaro da Yushuni. Nan da nan bayan kama da Crimea ja a tsananin sirri kaddamar da wani sabon aiki a halaka 'yan tawayen.

Makhnovshchina, shekarar da aka kafa wanda za a iya kira a shekarar 1918, ya na da wani alama tasiri a kan abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasa a kan ƙasa na Ukraine.