Halittawa daga cikin Slavic haruffa. Wane ne ya halitta Slavic haruffa a cikin 9th karni?

Ba dukan mutane san abin da aka sanannun a ranar 24 ga Mayu, amma har ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin abin da zai yi zama na mu idan wannan rana a shekara ta 863 aka quite daban-daban, da kuma yin halitta daga cikin haruffa watsi da harkokinmu.

Wane ne ya halitta Slavic haruffa a cikin 9th karni? Sun kasance Kirill na Mefody, da kuma wannan taron ya faru daidai da 863 shekaru May 24, wanda ya kai ga bikin na daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin 'yan adam. Yanzu da Slavic al'ummai iya amfani da nasu rubuce da kuma ba aro da harsuna na sauran mutane.

Halittawa daga cikin Slavic Wallafe-wallafe - Kirill na Mefody?

Tarihi na Slavic Wallafe-wallafe ne ba a matsayin "m" kamar yadda na iya ze a duban farko, akwai daban-daban, ra'ayin game da halittawa. Akwai wani ban sha'awa cewa Kirill, ko kafin na fara aiki a kan halittar Slavic haruffa, ya a cikin Chersonese (yanzu Crimea), wanda ya iya dauka da tsarkakan rubuce-rubuce na Bishara, ko da Psalter, wanda tuni a lokacin da aka rubuta a wasiƙun da sunan Slavic haruffa. Wannan hujja sa mu zaton: Wa Slavic haruffa da aka halitta, Kirill na Mefody gaske da aka rubuta haruffa ko sun gama aiki?

Duk da haka, baya ga cewa Cyril ya kawo shirye haruffa daga Kherson, akwai sauran shaida cewa halitta na cikin Slavic haruffa sun sauran mutane, kuma ya rayu da dadewa kafin Cyril da Methodius.

Arab faru a tarihi kafofin ce cewa a cikin shekaru 23 kafin Kirill na Mefody halitta Slavic haruffa, wato a cikin 40-ies na IX karni, aka yi masa baftisma mutanen da suke a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin littafin, an rubuta a cikin Slavic harshe. Har ila yau, akwai wani tsanani da cewa ya tabbatar da cewa halittar Slavic haruffa da aka a baya ya bayyana kwanan wata. A kasa line ne da cewa Paparoma Leo IV yana da takardar shaidar bayar zuwa 863 shekara, wanda ya kunshi daidai da haruffa na Slavic haruffa, da kuma a kan gadon sarautar wannan adadi ne a cikin kewayon daga 847 zuwa 855 shekaru na IX karni.

Other, amma kuma da muhimmiyar hujja bayyananna daga mafi tsoho asalin Slavic Wallafe-wallafe ne yardar Catherine II, wanda a lokacin mulkinsa, rubuta cewa Slavs mafi tsoho mutane fiye da aka fiye yi ĩmãni, kuma da rubutun suna da tun da kwanaki gabanin Kirsimeti.

Evidence na zamanin d Slavic harshe a cikin wasu al'ummõmi

Halittar Slavic haruffa zuwa 863 shekaru da kuma zai iya tabbatar da wasu hujjoji da suke ba a cikin takardun da sauran mutanen da suka rayu a zamanin da da kuma amfani da wasu irin haruffa a saboda lokaci. Wadannan kafofin quite 'yan, da kuma an same su a cikin Persian tarihi da sunan Ibn Fodlan, a El Massoudi, kazalika a bit daga baya artists a cikin fairly sanannun ayyukansu, inda aka ce cewa Slavic haruffa aka kafa kafin Slavs bayyana littattafai.

A tarihi, wanda yake zaune a kan iyakar IX kuma X karni, jãyayya da cewa Slavic mutane na wani mazan da kuma karin ci-gaba fiye da Romawa, kuma a matsayin hujja, ya kawo sunayensu wasu daga cikin shafukan da cewa ba ka damar sanin ko tsufa na asalin da Slavic mutane da su rubuce.

Kuma na karshe hujjar da zai iya tsanani shafi cikin tunani mutane a search na amsar wannan tambaya da wanda Ya halitta Slavic haruffa - shi ne tsabar kudin da ciwon daban-daban haruffa na Rasha haruffa, dating daga baya kwanakin fiye da 863 da shekaru, da kuma shi ne a cikin ƙasa na Turai kasashen kamar Ingila, Scandinavia, Denmark da sauransu.

A martani na zamanin d asalin Slavic Wallafe-wallafe

Zargin halittawa daga cikin Slavic haruffa kadan "rasa" daya: ba su bar wani littattafai da kuma takardun da aka rubuta a cikin wannan tsoho harshe. Duk da haka, domin masana kimiyya da dama shi ne isa cewa Slavic rubuta harshen ne ba a kan wani iri-iri na duwatsu, duwatsu, da makamai da kuma iyali abubuwa da aka yi amfani da zamanin d mazaunan a su a rayuwarsu ta kullum.

Masana kimiyya da dama sun yi aiki a kan nazarin tarihi nasarori a rubuta Slavs, duk da haka, wani babban jami'in 'yan'uwanmu a Grinevich sunayen iya kai kusan Madogararsa, kuma aikinsa sanya shi yiwuwa a sauya wani rubutu da aka rubuta a Old Slavonic harshe.

Grinevitch aiki a cikin binciken na Slavonic Wallafe-wallafe

Domin fahimtar rubuta harshen tsoho Slavs, Grinevich ya yi mai yawa aiki, a lokacin da ya gano cewa shi aka ba bisa haruffa, kuma yana da wata karin hadaddun tsarin, wanda aka sarrafa ta syllables. The masanin kimiyyar kansa gaba daya tsanani yi imani da cewa samuwar Slavic haruffa fara da 7000 da suka wuce.

Ãyõyin cikin Slavic haruffa da daban-daban akai, da kuma bayan ra'ayoyi duk haruffan Grinevich gano hudu Categories: mikakke separators, picturesque da kuma hana ãyõyi.

Domin nazarin Grinevich amfani game da 150 daban-daban tasirin, waxanda suke da ba a dukan abubuwa, da kuma duk kyaututukan da ya samu da aka dogara ne a kan dikodi mai na wadannan alamomin.

Grinevich Binciken ya gano cewa tarihi na Slavic Writing mazan, da kuma zamanin d Slavs amfani da 74 mark. Duk da haka, domin irin wannan mai yawan haruffa haruffa da yawa, kuma idan muka yi magana game da dukan kalmomi a cikin harshe ba zai iya zama kawai 74. Wadannan sharudda jagoranci da masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin haruffa na Slavs amfani syllables maimakon haruffa.

Misali: "doki" - da syllable "lo"

Ya kusanta ya yarda to decipher da inscriptions a kan wanda ya yi yaƙi da yawa masana kimiyya da kuma ba zai iya fahimtar abin da suke nufi. Kuma ya juya daga cewa duk abin da yake quite sauki:

1. Tukunyar da aka samu a kusa da Ryazan, yana da wani rubutu - da umarnin, wanda ya bayyana cewa, ya kamata a sa a cikin tanda, da kuma kusa.
2. Jojiya, wanda aka samu a kusa da garin na Triniti, ya mai sauki rubutu: "weighs 2 ozoji."

Duk na sama shaida su ɓãta cikakken har na abin halittawa daga cikin Slavic Wallafe-wallafe - Kirill na Mefody, da kuma tabbatar da tsufa harshen mu.

Slavic runes a cikin halittar Slavic Rubutacciyar Harshe

A daya wanda Ya halitta Slavic haruffa, ya quite wayo kuma jarumi, domin irin wannan ra'ayin a lokacin halakã mahaliccin saboda jahilcin da kowa. Amma baya daga haruffa da aka ƙirƙira shi, kuma wasu zažužžukan yada wayar da kan jama'a na mutane - Slavic runes.

Total a duniya same 18 runes da suke ba a kan wani babban yawan daban-daban kayayyakin da aka yi da tukwane, da na dutse da mutummutumai da sauran kayayyakin gargajiya. Daya misali ne kumar kasko daga kauye Lepesovka located a kudancin Volyn, kuma kasko cike a kauyen Branch. Bugu da kari ya shaida located a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, akwai Monuments cewa suna located in Poland da aka gano a 1771. Sun kuma gabatar da Slavic runes. Kada mu manta da haikalin Radegast, located in na bege, inda ganuwar ake yi wa ado da kawai da Slavic haruffa. A karshen wuri cewa masana kimiyya sun koya daga Thietmar Merseburg, shi ne sansanin soja-haikalin da kuma aka located a kan wani tsibirin da ake kira Ruegen. Akwai babban adadin, gumaka ne, waɗanda sunayensu suke a rubuce tare da runes Slavic asalin.

Slavic rubuce. Kirill na Mefody kamar halittawa

Samar da wani script dangana ga Cyril da Methodius, kuma a tabbatar da wannan su ne da tarihi data daga cikin daidai lokaci na rayuwarsu, wanda aka bayyana a cikin wasu daki-daki. Su shafi ma'anar aikinsu, kazalika da dalilan da aiki a kan halittar sabon haruffa.

Cyril da Methodius ga halittar haruffa kawo ga ƙarshe da sauran harsuna na iya ba da cikakken daidai da Slavic magana. Wannan tauyewa an tabbatar da ayyukan m jarumi, wanda ya lura da cewa kafin tallafi na Slavic haruffa a cikin general amfani yin baftisma na ko dai a Greek ko a Latin, da kuma a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ya bayyana cewa ba za su iya gani duk da sauti da cewa ta cika mu magana .

Siyasa da tasiri a Slavic haruffa

Policy ta fara tasiri a kan al'umma daga farkon haihuwar al'ummai da addinai, da kuma shi ma yana da hannu a cikin Slavic haruffa, kazalika da sauran al'amurran rayuwar mutane.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, bisa ga baftisma sabis Slavs da aka gudanar ko dai a Greek ko a Latin, wanda a yarda wasu majami'u a rinjayi tunani da kuma karfafa a cikin zukatan Slavs tunanin su gagarumar rawar.

Wadanda kasashen da ibadar da aka ba a gudanar a cikin Girkanci da Latin, sun samu girma da tasiri na Jamus firistoci a wurin bangaskiya cikin mutane, da kuma ga Byzantine coci wannan unacceptable, kuma ta sanya rangwamen mataki, yana karantar da Cyril da Methodius halittar rubutun, wanda za a rubuce sabis da tsarki texts.

Byzantine coci daidai jãyayya a lokacin, kuma ta kayayyaki suna da irin cewa, wanda Ya halitta Slavic haruffa dangane da Girkanci haruffa, zai taimake kwanciyar hankali da tasiri na Jamus Church a duk Slavic kasashen a lokaci guda kuma a lokaci guda zai taimaka wajen kawo tare da mutane na Rum. Wadannan ayyuka ƙila za a dauke a matsayin m rõwa.

Wane ne ya halitta Slavic haruffa dangane da Girkanci haruffa? Kirill na Mefody halitta kuma domin aiki da suka yi an zabi Byzantine coci wani hatsari. Cyril girma a birnin na Tasalonika, wanda, ko da yake shi mai Greek, amma game da rabi daga mazaunanta m, a Slavonic, kuma Cyril kansa, masani a shi, kuma shi ma yana da kyaun memory.

Rum da kuma da rawar

Me game da lokacin da ya fara aiki a kan halittar Slavic haruffa, gudanar da wasu tsanani shawara, tun May 24 - wannan ne na aikin kwanan wata, amma a tarihi akwai wani babban rata a lokacin, da samar da wani mismatch.

Bayan Rum ya ba da shi a wuya aiki, Kirill na Mefody fara ci gaban Slavic adabi da kuma a shekara 864 ya isa a Moravia da shirye Slavic haruffa da kuma fassara da Bishara gaba daya, inda suka hallara domin makaranta dalibai.

Bayan karbar aiki daga Byzantine coci na Kirill na Mefody aka aika zuwa Morven. A lokacin da tafiya suka tsunduma a rubuta haruffa da kuma fassarar da Bishara texts ga Slavic harshe, da kuma riga a kan isowa zuwa ga birnin a hannuwansu suna shirye su aiki. Duk da haka, da hanya zuwa Moravia daukan ba sosai lokaci. Zai yiwu wannan lokaci lokaci, da kuma ba ka damar haifar da wani haruffa, amma fassara rubuce-rubucen da Bishara a cikin irin wannan gajeren lokaci ne kawai zai yiwu ba, wanda ya nuna a gaba da aikin a kan Slavic harshe da kuma fassarar texts.

Cyril cutar da kuma ta kula

Bayan shekara uku na aiki a nasu makaranta na Slavonic Wallafe-wallafe Cyril ya yi watsi da al'amarin, ya tafi zuwa Roma. Wannan al'amarin ya haifar da cutar. Cyril bar kome saboda wani m mutuwa a Roma. Methodius, kasancewa shi kadai, ya ci gaba da bi manufarta da kuma ba da matakai da baya, amma yanzu ya zama mafi wuya, saboda cocin Katolika fara fahimtar irin nisan da aikin yi da kuma ba farin ciki game da wannan. A Roman Church haramta fassarorin a cikin Slavic da bayyane ya nuna su rashin biyan bukata, amma a Methodius yanzu yana da mabiya wadanda suka taimaka wajen ya ci gaba da aiki.

QFontDatabase da Glagolitic - wanda alama farkon zamani rubuce-rubucena?

Babu tabbatar shaida cewa zai iya tabbatar da abin da na rubutun ya taso a gabãnin haka, kuma babu wani takamaiman bayani game da wanda Ya halitta Slavic haruffa a Rasha , da kuma abin da na biyu zai yiwu ya sa hannunsa Kirill. Mu kawai san abu daya, amma abu mafi muhimmanci - shi ya zama kafa na yau QFontDatabase Rasha haruffa da kuma godiya ga ta za mu iya rubuta kamar yadda muka rubuta a yau.

A QFontDatabase haruffa aka hada da 43 da haruffa, da kuma cewa ta kafa ya Cyril ya tabbatar da kasancewar a cikinsu, daga 24 Greek haruffa daga cikin haruffa. Kuma da sauran 19 halitta na QFontDatabase haruffa dangane da Girkanci haruffa hada kawai ga daidai da hadaddun sauti da cewa sun ba kawai daga cikin mutanen da suke amfani da Slavic harshen don sadarwa.

Tare da tasiri domin ya rage wuya da kuma inganta a kan lokaci da QFontDatabase haruffa aka canza, kusan kullum a ta. Duk da haka, akwai lokacin da ya sanya shi da wuya a email, misali harafin harafin "e" a karo na farko, wanda shi ne kama da "e", harafin "d" - kwatanci ne ga "da kuma". Wadannan haruffa asali hampered kuskure, amma ya yin tunãni daidai sautuna.

Glagolitic, a gaskiya, shi ne wani analogue na QFontDatabase haruffa, da kuma amfani da 40 haruffa, da kuma 39 daga cikin su sun dauka saboda QFontDatabase haruffa. Babban bambancin tsakanin Glagolitic ne cewa shi yana da mafi taso style of rubuce-rubuce, da kuma shi ne, ba muhimmi awkwardness, kamar yadda tsayayya wa QFontDatabase.

Lãlãce haruffa (Glagolitic), ko bai yarda ba, amma maida amfani da Slavs da suke zaune a kudancin da kuma yammacin latitudes, kuma, dangane da wurin da mazauna, da shi da kansa rubuce-rubuce style. A Slavs rai a Bulgaria, amfani ga rubutu a Glagolitic mafi taso style kuma Croatian gravitated ga angularity na wasika.

Duk da yawan shiriritar, har ma da Wauta na wasu daga cikinsu, kowane ne ya cancanci da hankali, kuma ba za ka iya amsa daidai wanda halittawa daga cikin Slavic haruffa. Amsoshin zai zama m, tare da da yawa flaws kuma shortcomings. Ko da yake akwai mutane da yawa facts cewa shanyewa halittar rubuta Cyril da Methodius, suka bayar da karrama ga aikinsa, wanda a yarda da haruffa baza da canza kama zuwa yanzu jinsunan.