Hydrostatic Galileo Sikeli. Galileo Galilei: a takaice biography

Galileo Galilei - Italian masanin kimiyya, a philologist, makaniki, mai zargi, mawãƙi, falaki da likita. Ya yi wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban kimiyya a lokacinsa. Dalili na ilmi da kwarewa dauke nacewa yi yaƙi da fatawowi da bada. Yanzu shi ne sananne ga dukan kyaututukan da ya samu: Galilei ƙirƙira hydrostatic Sikeli, thermoscope da kuma kyautata da kawo nesa kusa. The masanin kimiyya ne da kafa gwaji kimiyyar lissafi. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da rayuwa da kuma qirqire-qirqire na Galileo. Bari mu fara.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Galileo Galilei, wani gajeren biography wanda za a gabatar a kasa, an haife shi a Pisa (Italiya) a 1564. Mahaifinsa aiki a matsayin makadi da kuma lissafi, Ya zãɓe gama ɗan likita sana'a. Bayan yaron ya gama Convent makaranta, ya ayyana shi a cikin University of Pisa Faculty of Medicine. Amma goma sha bakwai ƙasar Galili shi ba ban sha'awa. Ya bar jami'a, ya tafi Florence, inda ya fara nazarin ayyukan Archimedes da Euclid. Galileo mahaifin, bada buƙatun dan fassara shi a cikin falsafa baiwa.

A cikin shimfiɗar jariri Galileo aunaci zayyana inji toys da kuma data kasance model na jiragen ruwa, Mills, inji. Almajiri Galileo Viviani, daga baya ya rubuta wani biography na kimiyyar da aka ambata cewa tuni a cikin matasa, Galileo ya sosai m. Shi ne saboda wannan quality ya ya iya yin wani muhimmin samu: gani a Pisa Cathedral talking chandeliers, wani saurayi ya zo sama tare da shari'ar isochronism na Pendulum oscillations (da 'yancin kai na sabawa daga cikin oscillation zamani). Mutane da yawa masu bincike saba da Viviani kuma yi imani da cewa wannan samu ba na zuwa ƙasar Galili. Amma an san cewa Galileo akai-akai bari da dokar empirically. Ya kuma yi amfani da shi ga wani tsawon lokaci. Wannan gwaji da aka farincikin samu da likitoci.

Galileo hydrostatic Sikeli

A 1586, wani matashi masanin kimiyya buga na farko kimiyya aiki na wani m yanayi. Galileo gina musamman hydrostatic Sikeli, da kuma cikakken bayanin da su a cikin aikinsa. Za mu iya cewa shi ya ƙaddara masa abin rekõdinsa a matsayin masanin kimiyya.

Hydrostatic yin la'akari Sikeli damar domin sanin lokacin da da yawa daga duwatsu masu daraja da karafa. A Hanyar kanta ya bude mafi Archimedes. Galileo ta aiki mai suna "Kananan Scale" wani Florentine lissafi Guido del Monte. The masanin kimiyya ne gane nan da nan a cikin Galileo talented makaniki kuma so ka sadu da shi.

Yana yana kan shawarwarin na Del Monte a 1589 Galileo samu wani professorship a cikin jami'a, ya bai iya gama saboda kudi matsaloli. Duk da haka, shi ya dauki wani m albashi, amma masana kimiyya har yanzu yana farin ciki saboda hydrostatic Sikeli Galileo sanya shahara a duniyar kimiyya. Ya aka musamman da aka sani tsakanin Italian lissafi.

A rubutun "A cikin tafi"

Soma koyarwa a Jami'ar ilmin lissafi da falsafa, Galileo fuskantar wuya zabi. A daya hannun - da kãriya mai akidarsu ra'ayoyi na Aristotle, a kan sauran - nasu tunani, goyon baya da kwarewa. A cewar Aristotle jiki gudun drop ne kunnen doki da nauyi. Galileo karyata wannan bayani, a lokacin da a da yawa shaidu ragu daga cikin jingina Tower na bukukuwa na wannan size, amma tare da ma'aunin nauyi iri. Aristotle sanar da cewa daban-daban jikuna da daban-daban "lightness dukiya", don haka wasu daga cikinsu suna fadowa yawa sauri fiye da wasu. Cewa jiki yana cikin motsi, ya na bukatar iska tura, Saboda haka motsi na jiki nuna babu voids. Gwaje-gwaje da Galileo ce in ba haka ba.

A 1590, bincike ya rubuta a rubutun "A cikin tafi". A da shi, ya soki da ra'ayoyi da mabiya Aristotle (Peripatetics). Wannan ya sa ƙin yarda da masanin kimiyya daga wakilan da breech fatawowi kimiyya. Haka kuma, ba dace salaried Galileo. Shi ne ƙwarai, cramped a kafofin watsa labarai. Taimake shi aforementioned del Monte, bada Galileo a PADUA University.

PADUA lokaci

Tun 1592 ya fara da mafi m lokaci a cikin rayuwar wani bincike. Mun riga yi magana game da Galileo hydrostatic Sikeli, wanda ya zama na farko samu. Saboda haka, a tsawon shekaru na koyarwa a Jami'ar PADUA masanin kimiyyar ya sanya wani biyu. Galileo ƙirƙira thermoscope domin binciken na thermal mamaki da kuma kyautata da kawo nesa kusa su yi ta a kawo nesa kusa.

A gaskiya thermoscope ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya da samfur. Don ƙirƙira shi, Galileo ya zuwa halin sake tunani data kasance a lokacin da ka'idodinta sanyi da zafi.

Da sabuwar dabara na kawo nesa kusa a Venice san riga a 1609. Sha'awar data samu, Galileo kammalã da na'urar da saba da shi don tsayar da taurarin sama. A farkon 1610, shi ne ya taimaka masu bincike samu uku da tauraron dan adam na duniya Jupiter. Kallon duniya a daban-daban sau, Galileo ya iya fahimtar abin da tauraron dan adam da akwai doguwar kewaye da ita, da kuma ba sabanin haka ba. Wannan ya tabbatar Kepler model tsarin, wanda ya mai taimako ga masanin kimiyya.

Bugu da kari, Galileo gano qa'ida ta Dangantakar a cikin kuzarin kawo cikas. Ya kafa tushen da ba ka'idar dangantakar. Galileo samu tunani iri iri game da motsi na Aristotle. Empirically masanin kimiyya ya gano cewa, da motsi (inji tsari) ne zumunta. Wannan ba magana game da motsi, ba tare da sanin dangane da wani "jiki na tunani" da ta auku. Kansu a matsayin dokoki na motsi abin. Saboda haka, rufe da jirgin ta gida, ba shi yiwuwa a gwaje ƙayyade ko shi ne gaba ɗaya ko Allaha a kan ƙasa ne motsi.

astronomical binciken

Saboda m kawo nesa kusa a cikin kimiyyar akwai sabon aukuwa. Galileo Galiley gano da kasoshin lokatan Venus, kuma hakikance kasancewar babban adadin taurari na Milky Way. Kallon da motsi na sunspots, mai bincike ya fahimci cewa wannan tsari ne saboda da juyawa na rana. By nazarin surface na da watã, Galileo samu craters da kuma duwãtsu. Duk wadannan, ya gurgunta da yiwuwa na cosmogonic akidarsu na immutability na sararin duniya, ya sanya wani juyin juya halin da a ilmin taurari. All ya lura, Galileo aka bayyana a cikin littafin "Star Gazette", wanda aka buga a 1610. Wannan aiki ya sadaukar da Duke na Tuscany a madadin Kozimo Medichi.

Koma Florence

Ba da da ewa Duke gayyace Galileo aiki a Florence. The masanin kimiyyar da aka nada na farko kotun Falsafa da lissafi na University, wanda aka ba zamar masa dole ya karanta laccoci. By lokacin aikin Galileo ya zama sananne a ko'ina Italiya. Ganin darajarsa daga cikinsu nacewa ƙi sauransu. Gaskiya a farko ba bayyana rashin jituwa. A 1611 da falakin da aka ma gayyace zuwa Roma, inda ya aka farincikin gaishe da farko fuska da birnin da kuma coci. Galileo har yanzu yana da wani ra'ayin game da shigar da shi cikin asiri kula. M abokan adawar karu a 1613, lokacin da Inquisition aka tada fitowar na incompatibility na Nassosi da binciken Galileo. The bincike ya ba da wannan cajin amsa dalla-dalla, wanda ya yi kokarin fili rarrabe tsakanin kimiyya da kuma coci. A 1616, ya tafi zuwa Roma domin manufar kare cikin rukunan.

A farko tsari

Yanayi sun sosai nasara. Dalilin da cewa ya m oratory ikon Galileo. Bugu da kari, da masanin kimiyyar taimake Duke na Tuscany, rubuta ga Inquisition haruffa. Zargin kawo a Galileo gane groundless. Yanzu, duk da haka, kafin masana kimiyya akwai quite wani kalubale: legalization da kimiyya views.

Copernican tsarin ba za a iya fito fili ya kare, amma wani nau'i na tattaunawa, da muhawara ba a haramta. Saboda haka, Galileo rubuta da rubutun "Tattaunawa game da ebb kuma ya kwarara" a cikin abin da uku interlocutors tattauna biyu babban tsarin na duniya - samman kuma Talomi. A 1630, ya tafi zuwa Roma a cikin wannan littafi. Masana kimiyya dauki shekaru biyu don magance yin katsalandan, don samun izinin buga rubutun. A ƙarshe, shi ya fito a Florence a watan Agusta 1632.

Na biyu tsari

Inquisition nan da nan ya mayar da martani ga bazawa na littafin, zaa iya karanta fadin Turai. A karshen 1632 Galileo umurce su da su zo Roma. The masanin kimiyyar ya nemi wani jinkiri ba saboda rashin lafiya da kuma tsufa. Amma ya request zauna a amsa ba. A farkon 1633 ya aka dauka zuwa Roma a kan wani gadon ɗauka maras lafiya. A cikin watan, sai ya zauna a cikin Tuscan wakilin, sa'an nan fitar da Galileo a kurkuku na Inquisition. Sa'an nan akwai barazanar azabtarwa, renunciation bukatun, interrogations da kuma mafi munin abu a gare mai bincike - halakar da ayyukansa. Ya ba da dalilin "hirar" kafin Galileo mahukunta kasa. Bayan da fitina, da masanin kimiyyar da aka kawo wa sufi na St. Minerva, sanya wa hannu a renunciation da bayyane tũba a kan gwiwoyi.

'yan shekarun nan

A 1637, Galileo Galilei, wani gajeren biography wanda aka alama a wannan labarin, ya rasa idanunsa. Amma kafin haka, masanin kimiyya gudanar ya gama da aiki, sadaukar da kyaututukan da ya samu a fagen makanikai. Labor kira "Ilmin Lissafi bayyanannu, da hira." Ya bambanta da "tattaunawa" a cikin wannan littafi suna dukan bayyana a matsayin idan shawarwari tare da magoya bayan Aristotle ya daina dacewa da kuma zama dole ga yardar sabon kimiyya views. Godiya ga kokarin abokai na Galileo littafin da aka ma a lokacin da masu bincike rayuwa. Ya kasance da wannan wuce yarda da farin ciki.

Galileo ya mutu a farkon 1642 a wani villa a Arcetri. A 1732-m ƙura masanin kimiyya aika zuwa Florence kuma binne kusa da Michelangelo.

Wannan duka biography. Galileo Galiley har abada rubũtacce sunansa a tarihin kimiyya. A karshe za mu gabatar da 'yan facts game da wannan bincike.

Ban sha'awa facts game da Galileo Galilei

• A shekarar 1992, Paparoma ya bayyana masanin kimiyya a matsayin m likita da kuma nuna takaici game da furta da na karshe jumla. Ya na farko jama'a amincewa da Vatican game da juyawa daga cikin Duniya a kusa da rana.
• Hydrostatic Galileo ma'aunan suna kunshe a saman biyar mafi m qirqire-qirqire waxanda ake amfani da su a lokacin mu.
• A jumlar "Kuma duk da haka shi bai motsa!" The bincike taba furta. Wannan labari da aka kirkiro da wani Italian jarida.