Styrene-butadiene roba: dũkiyarsu da kuma aikace-aikace, da dabara

Styrene-butadiene roba an dauki daya daga cikin mafi used zabin na polymeric kayan. Shi ya dace domin yi na tayoyin da sauran roba kayayyakin da high quality.

Ya ce polymeric kayan da aka yi daga m raw kayan, da kuma ta masana'antu da dabara aka dauke su samuwa, da ciwon bayyana jerin ayyuka. A ƙarshe sakamakon styrene-butadiene roba yana da kyau kwarai yi da kuma sinadaran halaye. An samar a cikin gwaji yawa da aka gabatar da manufacturer a fadi da kewayon.

Raw Materials for samarwa

Bari mu bincika samar da styrene-butadiene rubbers. A matsayin albarkatun kasa domin polymeric abu ne zaba butadiene-1,3 ko alpha-methylstyrene. Shirye styrene-butadiene roba da dabarun turmi ko emulsion copolymerization. A karo na biyu Hanyar suna kafa turmi butadiene-styrene rubbers.

emulsion Polymerization

Ta yaya ne liyafar da styrene butadiene roba? A dauki unshi da hadin gwiwa Polymerization na styrene da butadiene a wani emulsion. A karshe samfurin da aka samu a sakamakon wannan hulda, kira styrene butadiene roba (SCS).

A halin yanzu a cikin gida roba masana'antu samar daukan daban-daban embodiments, da polymer-tushen kayayyakin da sinadaran.

Yadda raba styrene-butadiene roba? Masana'antun bayar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu biyowa:

• rubbers wanda ba dauke da mai (SCS ZOARK).
• Materials da wani talakawan yawan man fetur (SCM-ZOLRKM-15).
• tare da wani ya karu adadin man (SCS ZODRKM-27).
• da kyau kwarai dielectric halaye (SCS ZOARPD).

Ƙayyadaddu na sunayen

A farko lambobi a cikin sunayen gaya wa gwada yawa abun ciki na styrene a cikin na farko cajin, zaba domin da Polymerization:

• "A" ya shafi aiwatar da low-zazzabi Polymerization tsari (ba fiye da biyar digiri).
• "M" ta nuna cewa shi yana mai, ba kawai styrene.
• Styrene-butadiene roba tare da harafin "P" da dangantaka da gudanar Polymerization ba tare da kasancewar wani kayyadewa.
• "K" na nuna amfani a yi na roba rosin emulsifier.
• Harafin "P" wakiltar abu samar a gaban feed kitse, roba acid salts wanda su ne kayayyakin da m hadawan abu da iskar shaka na cikakken paraffins.

Abin da characterizes styrene-butadiene roba? Da samun da shi dogara ne a kan Polymerization tsari, wanda yake shi ne saba wa ko makarantar sakandare dalibai, dalibai a makarantun sakandare da kolejoji.

Saboda haka, domin tafin kafa samarwa a masana'antu na rubbers amfani smolonapolnenny styrene-butadiene roba, da dabara na wanda ba ya bambanta daga al'ada diene hydrocarbon. A rubbers samar dangane butadiene-styrene guduro, high jure inji abrasion, mai kyau fata-kamar halaye.

Emulsion Polymerization tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin na musamman masana'antu da kafuwa. Abin da characterizes wannan styrene-butadiene roba? Farawa shi yi ta a fili da kuma tabbatar da fasaha. A talakawan tsawon wata sunadarai dauki ne 12-15 hours. Bayan kammala Polymerization latex aka kafa, wanda ya ƙunshi kamar 30-35 bisa dari na polymeric abu. Kamar yadda antioxidant da aka gabatar a latex Neon D.

Nuna roba daga latex da coagulation Wutan wanda dauke da sulfuric acid. Ganin cewa aiki a matsayin emulsifiers kanifolevoe man fetur da kuma sabulu, halitta a kan tushen da roba m acid, ban da coagulation kuma lura da samuwar m acid da kyau sakamako a kan fasaha halaye na ƙãre samfurin.

Ta ƙara sulfuric acid soaps ya canza kama zuwa da free Organic acid kare latex coagulation da kuma kafa styrene butadiene roba. Aikace-aikace multifaceted karshe abu dogara a kan irin samar. M roba ne na kowa albarkatun kasa a cikin sinadaran masana'antu.

A tsarin da roba

Abin da tsarin ne styrene-butadiene roba? Jiki Properties na abu ne m da peculiarities na da tsarin. Lokacin da samun da polymer da ozotsionirovaniya kafa polymer ne sababbu tsarin. A roba monomer raka'a ne da ka kwayoyin yana da wani branched form.

Kusan kashi 80% na raka'a da trans sanyi, da kuma kashi 20 ne halin da CIS-tsarin.

halaye na

Bari mu bincika da styrene-butadiene roba. Properties na abu hade da ta high kwayoyin nauyi. A kan talakawan, shi ne 150 000-400 000 man-cika rubbers A Manufacturing fasahar shafi zabin da kayan da wani babban index of zumunta kwayoyin taro. Irin wannan wani zaɓi damar kawar da mummunan tasiri na man fetur a kan roba quality, ajiye na dogon lokaci na kyau kwarai aiki halaye na roba.

Yana yiwuwa a samu daga ethylene butadiene-styrene roba, ya ciyar a aiwatar sarkar amfani activators, emulsifiers, gwamnoni, da kuma sauran abubuwa partially a lokacin da dauki wuce a cikin sakamakon roba abun da ke ciki.

bayãnin hukuncin siffofin

Faye hali styrene-butadiene roba. Da dabara na abu ya nuna cewa shi ne resistant zuwa inji deformations, m kaushi. Don inganta sanyi juriya da kuma roba elasticity karu a feed adadin styrene. A sakamakon polymer an narkar da a fetur, da kuma aromatic kaushi.

Abin da kuma tsaye a waje SBR? Da kaddarorin da kuma dangane da mayar da hankali acid, ketones, alcohols barga, kuma da polymer ne m gas da kuma ruwa permeability. A lokacin dumama roba, akwai tsanani tsarin canje-canje da cewa adversely rinjayar da jiki da kuma inji Properties na roba.

Thermal hadawan abu da iskar shaka a yanayin zafi na 125 ° C yana sa a rage a taurin da halaka. M hadawan abu da iskar shaka ya shafi tsanani structuring polymer rinjayar da karuwa a cikin rigidity.

Features na aikace-aikace

Don ƙirƙirar roba abun da ke ciki yi amfani da ita a styrene butadiene roba. Properties, aikace-aikace na wannan wakilin aji diene hydrocarbons cikakken yayi dace da fasali na ta tsarin dabara.

A gaban da phenyl kungiyoyin na gefen rinjayar da karin juriya ga daukan hotuna zuwa radiation kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da sauran jinsunan wadannan polymers.

A roba qagaggun wanda ake yi dangane da butadiene-styrene roba, low yar ƙaramar ƙusa, ta ƙara shrinkage a lokacin calendering da extrusion. Wannan yana da wani mummunan tasiri a kan aiwatar da matakai, kazalika a lokacin hade (taro) roba guraben.

A low-zazzabi roba aiki AIDS, aka kira su "zafi" rubbers.

iri-iri na rubbers

Soft styrene-butadiene rubbers da low low-zazzabi tauri, duk da haka sun ba da kulla.

Hard gumis da aka samar a kananan yawa da biyayya su ga thermal oxidative mastication a iska a zazzabi na game da 1400 ° C da yin amfani da activators ƙasƙanci tsari.

A unfilled vulcanizing low tensile ƙarfi. Lokacin da rage adadin mamaye styrene a cikin polymeric fili an rage juriya da kuma abrasion juriya, qara jure sanyi, ta ƙara elasticity.

Sazhenapolnennye (tare da carbon baki), curatives butadiene-styrene rubbers da kyau kwarai thermal sigogi na juriya da kuma karko, amma suna da ɗan baya a elasticity da nakasawa juriya na al'ada rubbers. Amfani curatives da ƙarin juriya ga mayar da hankali da kuma diluted acid, barasa, alkalis, esters. A roba sauran ƙarfi da suka kumbura.

Duk da sakamakon polymers amfani a yi na tayoyin, tsirar da dama da ba wanda ya canja da shafi articles. Alal misali, na butadiene-styrene roba na'ura mai mota an sanya katako samar, samar da roba takalma. A dangane da ƙara radiation juriya wadannan rubbers ake amfani a yi na roba da ciwon ganiya jure gamma radiation.

Domin samar da kayayyakin wanin Hardy kyau kwarai halaye, da feedstock amfani, wanda ya hada da mafi ƙarancin styrene ciki.

Halaye na styrene-butadiene rubbers, bayani Polymerization

A cikin gida masana'antu shirya samar da styrene-butadiene rubbers bayani Polymerization da ciwon daban-daban styrene ciki:

• SBR-10.
• SBR-25.
• SBR-18.
• SBR-50.
• 25E-ROSC (ya inganta dielectric halaye).

A sale akwai roba, wanda ya hada da microblocks aromatic styrene, aka yi nufi ga aiki da allura.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai mai-cika roba bayani Polymerization, wanda dauke da har zuwa 27% man fetur. Saboda bayani Polymerization a gaban organolithium catalysts sanya daidaitacce na asali sigogi na kwayoyin tsarin:

• sarkar sashe.
• kwayoyin nauyi.
• macrostructure.

The bayãnin hukuncin halaye na wadannan rubbers an dauki gagarumin gaban polymer (har zuwa 98%), da mafi ƙarancin adadin impurities. A polymers da mikakke tsarin a kwatanta da emulsion styrene-butadiene rubbers.

Polymeric kayan sun samu wani babban ductility, sa juriya, sanyi da juriya, ya karu da juriya ga fatattaka. Lura kuma high tsauri jimiri da wadannan kayan. A wani m shrinkage suna da wani Mooney danko mafi girma tun lokacin da macromolecule da mikakke tsari, za a iya cike da wani babban yawan toka (carbon baki) da kuma mai ba tare da adversely canza inji da jiki Properties na vulcanizates.

Akwai wasu fasaha abũbuwan amfãni a samar da turmi roba a kwatanta da emulsion zabin, amma mai yawa fiye da bukatun kan tsarki na monomers amfani. Magani Polymerization rubbers amfani a cikin taya masana'antu, domin samar da karfi na'ura mai ɗamararku, takalma soles, roba hoses, roba da yawa sassa. A farko da aka gyara domin samar da polymeric kayan da irin wannan bincike da styrene da 1,3-Buada. Rubbers samu ta hanyar bayani ko emulsion copolymerization.

A zamani masana'antu ne ba kawai da yi na ba-cika roba fasahar, amma kuma shirya samar da polymers waxanda suke da ba a abun da ke ciki na guduro, carbon baki, man fetur. Daga cikin polymeric kayan samar a wata sulusi da murabba'i na styrene butadiene roba asusun for fiye da rabin da samar iya aiki.

Dalilin wannan sikelin ne babban homogeneity na zahiri da kuma sinadaran halaye na kerarre samfurin, da kasancewa daga cikin farawa monomers (styrene da butadiene), da kuma wani kafa samar line.

Greater taro na styrene butadiene roba a zamani samar samu ta hanyar emulsion copolymerization na styrene da butadiene.

Nau'in roba a tsarin

Ganin yanayi na Polymerization da kuma abun da ke ciki na amfani da aka gyara shirya samar da styrene-butadiene rubbers, waxanda suke da daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma dukiyoyinsu. Yarda ilimin kididdiga, sababbu rarraba tsarin raka'a styrene da butadiene a macromolecule.

Kamar yadda da yawan zafin jiki da rage-rage akwai wani karu a gwada yawa abun ciki na low kwayoyin nauyi kasarun adadi generated roba. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani rage daga cikin tsarin sashe, karuwa a yau da kullum polymer tsarin, cewa lallai rinjayar da fasaha da kuma aiki halaye na ƙãre samfurin.

A ci gaba na cikin gida da samar da roba kayan muhimmin batu da aka kafa samar butadiene-styrene kayan da Polymerization da wani m inji. A halin yanzu, irin kayan da na high quality, kuma a wani araha farashin don samar da tsire-tsire na Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Togliatti, Sterlitamak, Voronezh.

fasahar Features

za a iya samu a polymer da ciwon wasu sigogi, idan ake so. Alal misali, tare da ba talakawan kwayoyin nauyi wanda aka kayyade a matsayin Polymerization ta ƙara gwamnoni iya nishadantarwa da sarkar watsa. Kamar yadda gwada yawa abun ciki gwamnoni lura karu a kwayoyin nauyi na polymer.

Abin da za a iya daukarsa emulsifiers, dace domin samar da barga emulsions na monomers, da kuma samar da kayayyakin karshe na Polymerization, da latices? Babban sinadaran aka gyara dauke potassium ko sodium salts da m roba carboxylic acid, hydrogenated rosin kuma salts alkisulfonatov.

A lokacin da zabi rosin shi ne na farko hõre musamman magani. A disproportionation tsari a lokacin da mai kara kuzari (palladium), da ta samu yana da kaddarorin da ake bukata domin aiwatar da sarkar rubbers.

samar Spefitsika

Domin copolymerization amfani da baturi polymerizer. A shirya saje ne gauraye da pre-tsarkake bushe styrene, butadiene, da sauran ƙarfi (dõmin ta kasance wata cyclohexane) a cikin wani rabo na 5/1. Bugu da ari, aka gyara na farko feedstock an ciyar a cikin mahautsini orifices ga ingancin hadawa. A cakuda da aka sa'an nan shiryuwa ga lafiya sinadaran tsarkakewa daga daban-daban kananan impurities.

The inji hidima organolithium tana gina titer a 25 ° C na minti 20. A mataki na tsarkakewa da aka ƙaddara da launi cakuda. Idan babu impurities, daga cakuda dan kadan launin ruwan kasa launi. Kafin Polymerization, da tsari da ya garwaya da mai kara kuzari, iyakacin duniya Additives.

A tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin wani baturi, wanda kunshi uku misali na'ura, ta samu nasarar ciyar da cajin. A zafin jiki cikin polymerizer an kiyaye a cikin kewayon daga 50 zuwa 80 ° C. A talakawan tsawon dukan da sinadaran tsari ne 6 hours.

ƙarshe

A kowane fanni na rayuwa da kuma aiki na mutane hadu dace kayan, wadda ake bisa styrene-butadiene roba. Da farko, za mu lura halittar roba takalma soles, mota roba tayoyin, da dama lambu tiyo.

A bazuwar copolymers na styrene da butadiene ne yadu amfani a cikin halittar lantarki insulating kayan, daban-daban kayayyakin ga masana'antu na mota, ciki har da halittar high quality-tayoyin. M fasahar da cewa amfani da m kera na styrene-butadiene rubbers, da damar su haifar da kayayyakin da ake so jiki da kuma sinadaran sigogi, so yi halaye.

Daga cikin siffofin da wannan aikace-aikace rubutu samar da high quality catalysts. Dangane da tsarin da hada rubbers muhimmanci daban-daban aiwatar lokacin da halittar kuma da matuƙar kudin na kerarre kayayyakin bisa roba roba.