Glass. A shirye-shiryen da kuma amfani. Glass narkewa batu

Kamar yadda daya daga cikin tsofaffin kayan, gilashin da aka yi amfani da mutãne ga dubban shekaru, ba kawai daya. A versatility wannan abu yarda da shi da za a yi amfani da wani iri-iri na masana'antu. Physico-sinadaran Properties na gilashin tana nufin inorganic mahadi, yana da wuya, yana da wani amorphous tsari ne isotropic.

Domin kowane irin gilashin masana'antu tsari halin a mayar da jihar tari na flowable, sosai da danko sosai a idon yayi kamar gilashi form. Samar da fasaha na samar da sanyaya shi a wani kudi wanda ba ya ba da damar motsawa a cikin narke lokaci crystallization.

Glass narkewa zafin jiki dogara a kan ta inganci da sa ran yi. Yawanci, dafa abinci faruwa a kan wani fairly m da 300 zuwa 2500 ° C da zazzabi range. Properties wannan abu ya dogara da aka gyara kunshe a cikin gilashi-kafa narke. A jerin ne quite m da aka wakilta wani iri-iri na oxides, phosphates, fluorides, da kuma sauran Additives. A wannan classic, gaskiya ne ba na karshe alama ga daban-daban na gilashin da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi da kuma hada a cikin shakka daga samarwa.

Daga cikin mafi tsoho gilashin crafts, kwanan rana bakwai ƙarni BC, ya gana archeologists tsunduma a tono a Misira. Waɗannan su ne beads da layu. Amma bayan 'yan shekara dubu, har zuwan na farko masana'antu shuke-shuke, gilashin masana'antu na karni na sha takwas. A fasalin da gilashin samarwa a zargin shi ne cewa da narkewa batu na gilashi samu ta hanyar yin amfani da kwal, da kuma ga dab karfe boilers rufe.

Kafin cewa amfani da man fetur itace, gilashin-dogon nazarinsa sun kasance a wuri, ya kuma watsar makera da kuma man fetur cinyewa a yankin da sauri. A boilers sun bude, da itacen ba ya saki abubuwa da shafi da nuna gaskiya da kuma launi daga cikin samfurin fitarwa. A zafin jiki a cikin gilashin narkewa aiwatar da nau'in kai 1450 ° C.

An muhimmin taron da aka da sabuwar dabara a cikin farkon karni XX samar da lebur gilashin hanya, mai suna bayan ta developer Emilya Furko, wanda samarwa a hanya don inji kaho. Yana wanzu har 1959, an share ta taso hanya, ci gaba da kamfanin "Pilkington".

Babban aka gyara daga wani al'ada gilashin ne silica yashi a cikin wani rabo na 69-74%, soda (12-16%), farar ƙasa, kuma dolomite (5-12%). Amma a cikin tsari na samar da shi ne muhimmi ba kawai da yawan zafin jiki a wadda gilashin melts amma wanda narke sanyaya kudi. Rubuce, a kan m sanyaya za a iya samu vitreous da karfe, da babban lokaci zuwa kwantar da narke zuwa crystal raga samuwar.

A lokacin da duk iri-iri m Properties na al'ada gilashi a lokacin akwai wani gaggawa bukatar wani karin m da hur m abu. Da farko, shi ya shãfe da masana'antu, kwarewa a jirgin sama gini. Plexiglas samu da sunan kawai a kan wani waje kama wani gargajiya gilashin.

Its tasiri juriya har zuwa sau biyar mafi girma, yana da sauki ga 2.5 sau. Kamar yadda kai matakin na haske watsa daga kashi 92%, shi yana da babban juriya ga tsufa. Mafi sauki da kuma mafi araha plexiglass a cikin aiki. Narkewa batu plexiglass ne a cikin 90-105 digiri, wanda damar da shi ya zama kadan bi.

Amma biyu daga cikin wadannan kayan sun dauka kowane alkuki a cikin zamani a wurin aiki. Traditional inorganic gilashin da tabbaci riko ga matsayi, kuma ba za su dauki sabbin hanyoyin gudanar da polymers.

Amfani da wani m bakan daban-daban impurities da Additives samar da wani abin mamaki ba ne kawai na gani halaye na gilashi, amma har muhimmanci inganta ta inji Properties.

Bugu da kari ga masana'antu aikace-aikace, ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura da muhimmancin art gilashi. Jagora glassmakers, ci gaba da al'adar tsoho artists haifar Masterpieces sanya daga gilashi cikin wani gaskiya art. A cikin nazarinsa Tanderu gilashin narkewa zafin jiki ne kai, aiki kusan hannunka a cikin aikinsa ba kawai aikata su nuna ƙwarai tunanin, amma kuma ciyar mai yawa jiki ƙoƙari.