Diethyl ether - da amfani a magani

Esters na - canzawa kayayyakin na hydrogen zarra na hydroxyl kungiyar a alcohols ko phenols carbon m R: R1-O-R2. Diethyl ether - da dabara H3C-O-CH3. Domin hankula ester isomerism hydrocarbon sarkar da metamerism. A farko da irin isomerism saboda branched hydrocarbon sarkar. Metamerism - irin isomerism a cikin abin da biyu ko fiye ester da wannan kwayoyin dabara, amma wani daban-daban kwayoyin tsarin, saboda da daban-daban radicals a garesu na oxygen "gada".

Diethyl ether: samun

Ethers an shirya synthetically (a cikin yanayi ba su faruwa a cikin free jihar). Don haduwa esters za a iya amfani da hanyoyi da dama: da dehydration na alcohols yin amfani da ma'adinai acid, alcoholates na maida martani da halogen alkyl. Dimethyl da methyl ethyl esters ne gaseous jihar, gaba 'yan wakilan - mafita, mafi girma - daskararru. Esters na talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa amma readily a cikin kwayoyin kaushi, da kuma talakawan wakilan (diethyl ether, dipropyl Eter, da propyl) - kyau kwarai kwayoyin kaushi. Jiki Properties na su bambanta dangane da kwayoyin nauyi. Diethyl ether ya da kyau gauraye da wani barasa, chloroform, benzene, da Eter, da kuma m mai. Lokacin da take hakkin ester ajiya yanayi da ake kafa a fashewar da mai guba mahadi - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl ether amfani da magani. Ana amfani da inhalation maganin sa barci. Wannan irin halin da pronounced maganin sa barci zumudi mataki (Littafi cardiac aiki, qara jijiyoyin bugun gini sautin, kunna catecholamine tukar tumbi, da maida hankali glucose a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa, pyruvic acid da kuma lactate, shi ne hana secretory da kuma mota aiki na narkewa kamar fili). Kula cewa idan ta amfani da irin wannan ether maganin sa barci faruwa sannu a hankali, shi ne sau da yawa sosai wajibi ne don tsayar da karfi arousal da kuma mota aiki. A general maganin sa barci yana da wani multifaceted sakamako a kan jikin mutum (tsoka-relaxant, analgesic da narcotic).

Local Action ester bayyana a matsayin ruri na jijiya endings, inda haƙuri abubuwan da sanyaya sakamako. A wannan batun, wani lokacin shi ake amfani da ciki wata mota don tsara ciki motility, da kuma subcutaneous - domin zumudi na reflex numfashi da kuma inganta wurare dabam dabam. Inhalation biyu ester hangula da Airways da cewa yana sa na farko reflex hanawa na numfashi, sa'an nan kunna mugunya Bronchial gland. Domin da farko lokacin da wani inhalation m diethyl ether aka yi amfani da fice a Rasha likita NI Pirogov, kafa filin tiyata, a lokacin da Crimean War (1853-1856 gg.).

Diethyl ether aka readily tunawa mucous membranes na numfashi fili, amma cikakken maganin sa barci zo daga baya fiye da da chloroform. Narcotic sakamako bayyana ne kawai ta hanyar inhalation na 5-8% ethyl ether tururi da kuma cikakken maganin sa barci ya auku a cikin minti 30 da inhalation na 10% daga cikin cakuda. Narcotic sakamako daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi ne a maida hankali daga 110 zuwa 150 MG da 100 ml na jini, na numfashi inna auku a cibiyar 200 MG / 100 ml na jini. Total yawan guba ether kaɗan. Farkawar daga maganin sa barci auku bayan 20-40 minti bayan lõkacin fatara daga inhalation na ether, amma al'ada jiki zo kawai 'yan sa'o'i. Bayar ether numfashi fili da kuma kodan. Aƙalla 50% na jimlar yawan excreted a cikin jiki a lokacin farko 30-60 minti bayan da maganin sa barci. Ya kamata a ce cewa wasu daga cikin kayayyakin na hydrolysis na diethyl ether za a iya sarrafa a triglycerides da sauran lipids zuwa kwanaki da dama.