Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: biography, kimiyya da kuma zamantakewa, awards da kyaututtuka. Nobel Prize a Physics (2010)

Sanannun Rasha likita, ya karbi Burtaniya dan kasa da kuma ma knighted, memba na Royal Society of London, da Nobel Prize a Physics. Wane ne wanda yake? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

biography

Famous masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a birnin Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk yankin Agusta 23, 1974 a cikin iyali na da wani injiniya kuma wani malamin Turanci a makaranta yawan 39, da kafa, da kuma darektan daga abin da yake da sau daya kakansa, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

Da yake a cikin shida sa, Constantine gano fice damar iya yin komai, kuma mukamansu farko a cikin yankin gasar a kimiyyar lissafi, da kuma daga baya, a All-Union gasar, maimaita nasara, shigar saman goma. A shekarar 1991 ya sauke karatu ƙarin rubutu kimiyyar lissafi da kuma fasaha makaranta da kuma wannan shekarar ya zama wani dalibi a Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. Ya aka horar a cikin sana'a "Nanotechnology" a Faculty of Physical kuma jimla Electronics, kuma ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama daga Institute, bayan da aka dauka aiki a IMT RAS (Institute of Technology Microelectronics RAS) a Chernogolovka. Akwai ya sauke karatu daga makarantan digiri a karkashin shugabanci na Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

kasashen waje

A 1999, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - wani likita da wani riga ta kafa suna, mayar da su cikin Netherlands. Akwai, a Jami'ar Nijmegen, ya aiki tare da Andrei Geim. Tun 2001, masana kimiyya sun yi aiki tare da University of Manchester. A shekara ta 2004 ta samu mataki na Doctor of Falsafa (Jan Kees Maan kai).

A lokacin, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - wani farfesa na Royal Society da kuma Farfesa na Physics da lissafi a jami'ar Manchester kuma yana da dual dan kasa (Rasha da United Kingdom). Yanzu ya na zaune a Manchester.

bincike

The sani Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? Bisa ga hikimar tantance dillancin Thomson Reuters, Rasha-Birtaniya likita ne daya daga cikin mafi akai-akai kawo sunayensu masana kimiyya. Daga alkalami zo da 190 kimiyya articles. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci da ya gudanar da bincike ne, ba shakka, Graphene. Mutane da yawa sun ji Maganar, wanda alama sauki da kuma saba. Technology gaske dunkule da kuma m, kamar duk m. Ara nazarin Graphene da aikace-aikace, iya gabatar da bil'adama cikin wani zamanin ultra-sauri da kuma ultrathin mobile da sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin, lantarki da motoci, da kuma karfi amma sosai hur yi.

karrama

Lokacin da Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov tafi aiki a Manchester University, ya zama shugaban wani babban jami'in abokin aiki daga Rasha, Andre Geim. By lokacin da ya dade da aka tsunduma a gudanar da bincike a cikin wannan yankin da kuma ya iya haifa ginshikai na mannewa na gecko ta paws, da kuma dangane da shi ya halicci wani m tef, wanda daga baya a yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi aiki tare da Graphene. Kafin cewa Geim taimaka a Sin dalibi, amma, a cikin kalmomi na kimiyyar lissafi, da aikin fara motsa kawai bayan da ta dauki Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. The Nobel Prize aka bayar don su a watan Oktoba 2010. Novoselov yanzu, aka sani kamar ƙarami ta Nobel a kimiyyar lissafi (ga karshe 37 shekaru), ba kawai a lokacin da ya ke kadai masanin kimiyya daga Nobel premiatov haife bayan shekarar 1970.

A wannan shekara ta 2010 Novoselov samu title na Amirul Order na Dutch Lion domin gagarumin taimako ga kimiyya da Netherlands, kuma daga baya, a shekarar 2011, da umarni na Sarauniya Elizabeth LL sa shi a jarumi-turuzu, yana saboda taimakonsa da kimiyya na United Kingdom. Kauri bikin qaddamarwa cikin Knights gudanar daga baya a cikin bazara na shekarar 2012, a matsayin sa ran, a Buckingham Palace. Ta jagoranci 'yarta, Sarauniya, Gimbiya Anne.

Dole ne in ce cewa Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, kimiyya da kuma zamantakewa wanda suke quite m, samu wani babbar kyauta a nazarin Graphene, zama da lashe kyautar "Evrofizika" a 2008. An bayar da kowace shekara biyu, Nobel Prize nasara tsakanin ta awardees ne kawai goma sha uku. The kyauta ne mai tsabar kudi kyauta da kuma takardar shaidar da na daidaitawa. Ya kuma lashe Kurti, duk da haka, ba don Graphene kuma ga jerin nasarori a fannin low yanayin zafi da kuma Magnetic filayen.

Game da iyali da kuma rayuwar

Konstantin Novoselov ne da farin ciki aure da matarsa Irina. Ko da yake shi ne kuma Rasha, koya masana kimiyya kasashen waje a Netherlands. Irina zo daga Vologda, tsunduma a gudanar da bincike a fagen ilimin halittu kanana, PhD (rubutun kare a St. Petersburg). The biyu da 'ya'ya mata biyu, tagwaye Sofia da Vic aka haife shi a shekarar 2009.

Stanislavski, a kansa kalmomi, ba uba, wanda ya zauna don makonni a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta wucewa da yara 'ya'yansu. Ga shi ƙirƙirãwa na duniya karami transistor, kuma Ya sanar da 'yarta ƙidãya su zuwa ashirin da bakwai - wani abu wanda yake a cikin wannan layi. "Babu wanda ya taba yi muku," - ya ce.

Bi da bi, da mahaifansa biyu taba yi kokarin iyakance dansa a cikin ni'imar. Su ko da yaushe aka hakikance cewa, su dan shi ne sosai hazaka, da kuma, kamar yadda ya ce, likita, ba mamaki a lokacin da ya karbi kyautar Nobel.

A wata hira domin Esquire mujallar, ya shigar da cewa yana so ya koya yi wasa da Piano. Ya san, duk da haka, da nasa m, sakamakon suna mediocre.

a kan Tarayyar Soviet

Stanislavski aka haife shi a Tarayyar Soviet da kuma samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi. Shi da kansa ya yarda cewa irin wannan zurfin ilmi daga inda samun kadan. Amma shi ba zai komo Rasha. Zai yiwu shi ne saboda wannan, wasu 'yan jarida involuntarily kanã abin zargi shi domin rashin kishin kasa. Wannan masanin ya ce shi ba ne game da kudi, kawai a kasar Birtaniya aiki mafi aminci, saboda babu wanda ba ya tsoma baki a cikin harkokin.

Novoselov daukan rayuwa da sauki, ba su zauna a kasawa - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman dokoki. Idan akwai matsaloli a cikin dangantaka tare da mutane, ya kan yi kokari ba don kai ga hutu, amma idan yana da dole ya faru, bar na karshe kalma zuwa wani mutum. A sanannen likita akwai da yawa da na kowa matsaloli na rayuwa, misali, ya kasance a shirye don ciyar da wani kudi, kawai don samun wasu free lokaci.

Amma ransa ya yi aiki da sauran, ya ba raba, watakila wannan shi ne key ilimi yawan aiki. A gida, ya aka yi tunani game da kimiyyar lissafi, da kuma a aiki - kawai shakata da rai.

Mene ne Graphene

Ko da yake, ba shakka, duk da nasarorin a fagen kimiyyar lissafi, babban aikin da Novoselov ya kuma zauna Graphene. Wannan tsari, wanda aka fara samuwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar da 'yan'uwanmu, a biyu-girma "raga" na carbon atoms a cikin kauri daga daya zarra. Novoselov kansa ya ce da fasahar ba a wuya da kuma haifar da Graphene iya kowane, kusan improvised. Ya ce, da shi ne isa zuwa fara mai kyau buy graphite, ko da yake za a iya amfani da ko da pencils, kuma ku ciyar kadan a kan silicon substrate da m tef. All sa don ƙirƙirar Graphene ne a shirye! Saboda haka, abu ba za a monopolized da manyan hukumomi, Novoselov da Geim a zahiri ba shi da duniya.

m Properties

Har ila yau, mamaki likita lantarki Properties na wannan abu. A cewar shi, da Graphene za a iya amfani da a transistors, wanda ake kokarin yi a halin yanzu a wasu kamfanoni, da maye gurbin da saba bayani a hannu da na'urorin.

Bisa ga Novoselov, Graphene zai canza yanayin rayuwan fasaha. An ɓangare na wani almarar kimiyya movie - yana da m na'urori, m, na bakin ciki, ba m da tare da babban aiki. Idan jadawali zai hankali maye gurbin wanda aka rabu amfani silicon fasahar na cinema zai kasance a rayuwa.

A mafi sananne nazarin Novoselov da Geim? Gaskiyar cewa sun kusan nan take koma daga dakin gwaje-gwaje don conveyors, kuma mafi - sun kasance da taimako sosai a cikin farkon shekaru.

nan gaba fasahar

Inda ya ke yanzu ta amfani da Graphene? Zai ze cewa irin wannan kwanan nan gano abu iya ba tukuna yada yadu, kuma wasu har wannan gaskiya ne. Kusan duk ci gaban ne har yanzu gwaji a yanayi da aka ba saki ga taro samar. Duk da haka, don amfani da wannan abu ne yanzu kokarin kusan duk wuraren da cewa, watakila, za a iya kira a real "Graphene zazzabi."

Count da kansa, duk da low nauyi da kuma kusan cikakken nuna gaskiya (shi garwaya 2% na kwayar haske, daidai da wannan a matsayin talakawa taga gilashin), da kayan sosai m. Recent bincike da American masana kimiyya ya nuna cewa Graphene ne gauraye da lafiya roba. Wannan results a cikin wani nauyi-taƙawa abu da za a iya amfani da su a duk yankuna, a jere daga samar da furniture da wayoyin hannu ga roka kimiyya.

Graphene riga prototypes da batura for lantarki motoci. Suna halin manyan iya aiki da kuma kananan caji lokaci. Zai yiwu shi ne saboda matsalar da lantarki da motoci za a iya warware da kuma sufuri zai zama mafi arha, kuma mafi tsabtace muhalli.

Graphene da ake amfani a cikin cin gaban sabuwar touch bangarori domin wayoyin hannu. Idan na gargajiya masu auna sigina za a iya sarrafa a kan wani lebur surface, sa'an nan da jadawali da wannan rashi hana, domin za a iya lankwasa a nufin. Bugu da kari, high lantarki watsin zai yi mayar da martani ga wani m.

A jirgin sama,

Gidaje da makamai masu linzami da kuma jirgin sama, ya yi tare da yin amfani da Graphene zai zama sau da yawa fiye da sauƙi, wanda ƙwarai rage man fetur halin kaka. A flights zai zama haka cheap cewa iya tafiya zuwa wasu karshen duniya za su iya iya daya. Amma, ban da zirga-zirgar fasinja, wannan zai shafi, ba shakka, da kuma kaya. Supply m sasanninta na duniya zai kasance mafi alhẽri, saboda haka, mu rayu da kuma aiki a can za su kasance mafi mutane.