Physics. Amsawa motsi a cikin yanayi kuma a cikin art

Jet propulsion yanayi da fasahar - mai matukar kowa sabon abu. A yanayi, shi ya auku a lokacin da wani sashi na jiki rabu da wasu gudun daga wasu sauran part. A wannan dauki karfi bayyana ba tare da hulda da kwayoyin da waje jikinsu.

Domin ya fahimci abin da yake a kan gungumen azaba, shi ne mafi kyau ga koma zuwa ga misalai. Misalai na amsawa motsi a cikin yanayi da fasaha da yawa. Da farko, za mu yi magana game da yadda aka yi amfani da ta dabbobi, sa'an nan yadda shi ne amfani a cikin art.

Medusa, mazari larvae, plankton da mollusks

Mutane da yawa, yin iyo a cikin tẽku, ya gana jellyfish. A Black Sea da shi, wata hanya, isa. Duk da haka, ba kowa na tunanin cewa matsar da jellyfish kawai ta amfani da jet propulsion. A wannan hanya na tunani akai da kuma larvae na dragonflies, kazalika da wasu wakilan da marine plankton. Yadda ya dace da invertebrate marine dabbobi da cewa amfani da shi ne sau da yawa sosai fi da cewa da fasaha ƙirƙirãwa.

Mutane da yawa mollusks motsa mu sha'awa hanya. A matsayin misali, cuttlefish, squid, dorinar ruwa. A musamman, kilam, scallop iya matsawa gaba, ta amfani da jet na ruwa, wanda aka dakatar daga nutse a lokacin da ta sash da cika fuska ji ƙyama.

Kuma kamar 'yan misalai daga rayuwar dabba duniya, wanda zai iya haifar da m taken: "jet propulsion a rayuwar yau da kullum, da yanayi da fasaha."

Yadda za a motsa da cuttlefish

Da ban sha'awa sosai a wannan batun, da kuma cuttlefish. Kamar da yawa cephalopods, shi motsa a cikin ruwa, ta amfani da wadannan inji. Ta hanyar wani na musamman mazurari located gaba na jiki, kazalika ta hanyar da a kaikaice tsaguwa cuttlefish fa, tã yi ruwa a cikin ta gill kogo. Sai ta jefa ta vigorously ta hanyar da mazurari. Cuttlefish tube mazurari umurcemu da na baya, ko kuma a kaikaice. The motsi a cikin wannan harka iya za'ayi a daban-daban kwatance.

A hanya wadda yana amfani da salpa

M da wani Hanyar cewa yana amfani da salpa. Don haka ya kira teku dabba cewa yana da wani m jiki. Salpa fa, tã yi ruwa a lokacin da tuki amfani da gaban bude. Ruwa ne mai fadi da rami, kuma a cikin shi an shirya diagonally gills. A rami da aka rufe a lokacin da salpa sa wani babban abin sha daga ruwan. Its mai gangara kuma a tsaye tsokoki kwangila, ƙunci dukan jiki na dabba. Ta hanyar raya bude na ruwa da aka tura m. The dabba ne motsi gaba godiya ga dauki sakamakon jet.

Squids - "live torpedoes"

Babban sha'awa shi ne, watakila, wata jet engine, wanda shi ne a squid. Wannan dabba an dauki mafi muhimmanci wakilin invertebrate jinsunan a babban teku zurfin. A amsawa kewayawa squid kai wannan kamalar. Ko jikin dabba yayi kama da roka da su waje siffofin. Ã'a, shi kofe da roka squid, kamar yadda da yake da shi undisputed primacy a cikin wannan al'amari. Idan kana bukatar ka motsa sannu a hankali, da dabba yana amfani da wannan manyan lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa filafilin kifi cewa an lankwasa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Idan tana bukatar sauri jħfa ga taimakon jet engine.

A duk bangarorin jikin mollusk kewaye da alkyabbar - tsoka nama. Kusan rabin jimlar girma na jiki na dabba a yi da rami girma. Squid yana amfani da alkyabbar rami don motsi, tsotsa da ruwa a ciki shi. Sa'an nan, ya sharply jefa typed wani rafi na ruwa ta hanyar kunkuntar bututun ƙarfe. A sakamakon haka, sai ya motsa a jerks baya tare da babban gudun. A wannan yanayin, squid ƙara da cewa duk ta 10 tentacles a kan ka kai naúrar saya a streamlined siffar. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na bututun ƙarfe yana da wani musamman bawul, da kuma dabbobi da tsokoki iya juya shi. Game da shi canza shugabanci na motsi.

M gudun squid

Dole ne in ce cewa squid engine ne sosai tattali. Speed, wanda shi ne su iya ci gaba, za a iya isa 60-70 km / h. Wasu masu bincike sun ko da shawara cewa shi yana iya zama har zuwa 150 km / h. Kamar yadda ka gani, da squid ba a banza da ake kira "live torpedo". Yana za a iya juya su a cikin so shugabanci, lankwasawa saukar, up, hagu ko dama, tentacles folded masaƙa.

Kamar yadda shi ke iko da motsi na da squid

Tun idan aka kwatanta da girman da dabba ne manya-manyan dabaran, zuwa squid iya sauƙi kauce wa wani karo da wata matsala, ko motsi a iyakar gudu, za mu bukatar kawai kadan yunkuri na matuƙin jirgin ruwa. Idan juya sharply, da dabba nan da nan rush a gaban shugabanci. Kalmar bends baya ƙarshen mazurari kuma a sakamakon zai iya yi zamiya da headfirst. Idan ya vygnet shi dama, ya za a jefa a hagu jet dirka. Duk da haka, a lokacin da kana bukatar ka je da sauri, da mazurari ne ko da yaushe dama a tsakanin tentacles. The dabba, a wannan yanayin da wutsiya rushes gaba kamar gudu-gudu ciwon daji, idan ya yi wani doki sirri.

A cikin akwati a lokacin da ba a bukata kara squids da cuttlefish iyo unduliruya cikinsa da fins. Front to baya gudu ta hanyar dada kalaman shi. Squid da cuttlefish glide gracefully. Su ne kawai lokaci-lokaci tura da kanka ruwan famfo, wanda aka jefa fita daga karkashin rigunansu. Mutane daya-daya bumps cewa mollusc na'am da shigowa da ruwa jiragen sama, a irin wannan lokacin a fili bayyane.

tashi squid

Wasu cephalopods ne iya hanzarta zuwa 55 km / h. Babu daya alama yi kai tsaye ma'aunai, amma wannan lambar ba za mu iya kira bisa nesa da kuma gudun Flying squid. Sai dai itace cewa akwai ma irin wannan. Kalmar stenotevtis ne mafi kyau matukin jirgi na duk Shellfish. Turanci matuƙan kira shi tashi squid (national squid). Wannan dabba, a photo na wanda aka gabatar a sama, shi ne a cikin kananan size, tare da game da herring. Ya hanzarta korarsu kifi cewa sau da yawa ya zo daga cikin ruwa ana ɗauke da kibiya sama da surface. Irin wannan abin zamba shi yana amfani da da kuma a lokacin da shi ne barazana da yara - Tuna da kuma mackerel. Ci gaba iyakar karfin juyi dauki hannu a cikin ruwa, squid farawa a cikin iska, sa'an nan kuma ya yi hijira a kan 50 mita sama da taguwar ruwa. A wannan yanayin, da apogee na ta gudu ne don haka high cewa sau da yawa tashi squid buga jirãge bene. A tsawo na 4-5 mita domin su - ba a rikodin. Wani lokacin tashi squids soar ko mafi girma.

Dr. Rice, Shellfish bincike daga United Kingdom, a cikin kimiyya labarin da aka bayyana wakilin waɗannan dabbobi, jiki tsawon shi ne kawai 16 cm. Duk da haka, ya ya iya tashi a gaskiya nesa ta hanyar iska kafin saukowa a kan gada daga cikin jirgin ruwa mai filafili. A tsawo na gada ya kusan 7 mita!

Akwai lokuta a lokacin da jirgin da dama kawai mai yawa tashi squid. Trebius Nijar, da tsoho marubuci ya taba gaya da bakin ciki labarin wani jirgin da cewa alama ba zai iya kai nauyin wadannan marine dabbobi da kuma nutse. Sha'awa, da squid ne iya dauka kashe ko da ba tare da overclocking.

tashi dorinar ruwa

Ma su mallaki ikon tashi dorinar ruwa. Jean Verani, a Faransa halittu, kallo a matsayin daya daga su clocked a cikin tanki, sa'an nan ba zato ba tsammani tsalle daga cikin ruwa. Animal aka bayyana wani baka a cikin iska a game da 5 mita sa'an nan kika aika a cikin akwatin kifaye. Dorinar ruwa, tara dole ga Jump gudun, koma ba kawai ta jet dirka. Ya kuma tu} a tare da su tentacles. Dorinar ruwa ƙaramar mota, don haka suka taso kan ruwa ya fi muni da squid, amma a m lokacin, kuma waɗannan dabbobi ne iya ba da rashin daidaito da mafi kyaun dan tseren. California akwatin kifaye ma'aikata so ka dauki hotuna na dorinar ruwa, wanda ke kai hari da kaguwa. Duk da haka, da dorinar ruwa, suna garaje a kan su ganima, ɓullo da irin wannan gudun da cewa photos, ko da musamman gwamnatin juya daga blurry. Wannan yana nufin cewa yi dade wani al'amari na seconds!

Duk da haka, da dorinar ruwa yawanci iyo sannu a hankali. Kimiyya Saynl Joseph wanda dorinar ruwa hijirarsa karatu, ya gano cewa, da dorinar ruwa, da girman abin da yake 0.5 mita, gudãna, a wani matsakaita gudun game da 15 km / h. Kowane jet na ruwa, wanda ya jefa cikin kofin, ya ɗauki shi a gaba (ya zama mafi daidai, baya, kamar yadda ya gudãna da baya) wani wuri a cikin 2-2.5 m.

"Crazy kokwamba"

Jet propulsion yanayi da fasahar kuma za a iya kyan gani, yin amfani da shi da misalai, misalai daga duniya na shuke-shuke. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - cikakke 'ya'yan itace da ake kira mahaukaci kokwamba. Su billa kashe da zangarniya a wata 'yar alamar touch. Sa'an nan, sakamakon yadda sakamakon wannan rami tare da babban karfi jefa fitar da wani musamman m ruwa, wadda ta ƙunshi tsaba. Sam kokwamba tashi kashe a gaban shugabanci ga wani nesa har zuwa 12 m.

A dokar da kiyayewa da lokacinta

Tabbata a gaya maka game da shi, idan akai la'akari da jet propulsion a cikin yanayi da kuma a cikin fasaha. Ilimi na dokar kiyayewa lokacinta yale mu mu canza, musamman, namu motsi gudun, idan muka kasance a cikin wani fili. Alal misali, kana zaune a cikin wani jirgin ruwan da za ka yi da 'yan duwatsu. Idan ka jefa su a wani shugabanci, da motsi na da jirgin ruwan zai kasance a gaban shugabanci. A sarari kuma ya aikata wannan dokar. Duk da haka, akwai ake amfani da wannan manufa roka injuna.

Abin da sauran misalai za a iya ambata amsawa motsi a cikin yanayi da fasahar? Very kyau kiyayewa lokacinta An misalta da misali daga gun.

Kamar yadda ka sani, wani harbi da aka yaushe tare da samu. Xaukar nauyi da harsashi zai zama daidai da nauyin da bindiga. A wannan yanayin, da sun watse ga bangarorin da wannan gudun. Kickback ne saboda shi halitta mai amsawa karfi, kamar yadda a can aka jefa ta nauyi. Ta hanyar wannan ikon da aka bayar da motsi a cikin injin na sarari, da kuma a cikin iska. A mafi girma da sauri da kuma taro na gudãna gas, da recoil karfi cewa ji mu kafada babu kuma. Haka kuma, da dauki karfi ne mafi girma, da karfi da dauki bindiga.

Dream na tashi a cikin sarari

Jet propulsion yanayi da fasaha ya kasance shekaru da yawa tushen wahayi zuwa ga masana kimiyya. Mutane da yawa ƙarni mutãne ya mafarkin na tashi a cikin sarari. A amfani da jet propulsion a yanayi da fasaha, shi wajibi ne don yi imani, ba m da kanta.

Yana duk ya fara tare da mafarki. Almarar kimiyya marubuta 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce miƙa mu daban-daban wajen yadda za a cimma wannan burin da ake so. A 17th karni, Sirano De Berzherak, a Faransa marubuci, halitta labarin na gudu zuwa da watã. Halinsa samu ga Duniya ta tauraron dan adam, ta amfani da dogo wagon. Sama da wannan tsarin, ya ko da yaushe ya jefa da karfi maganadisu. Karusa, janyo hankalin shi, ya tashi sama da ƙasa mafi girma da kuma mafi girma. A ƙarshe, shi ya kai Moon. Wani shahararren hali, Baron Munchausen, tayi ta hawa dutsen zuwa da watã a kan wake zangarniya.

Hakika, a lokacin har yanzu bai san da yawa game da yadda za a amfani da Jet propulsion a yanayi da fasahar ne iya yin rayuwa sauki. Amma wani jirgin na zato, ba shakka, ya buɗe sama sabon sãsanni.

A kan hanyar zuwa fice samu

A kasar Sin, a ƙarshen 1 karni. e. Mun ƙãga da jet propulsion, sakamakon a jefa mataki. A karshen sun sauki bamboo shambura, wanda aka cushe da gunpowder. Wadannan makamai masu linzami da aka kaddamar domin fun. A jet engine aka yi amfani da daya daga cikin na farko mota ayyukan. Wannan ra'ayin mallakar Newton.

Game da yadda za jet propulsion a cikin yanayi da kuma a cikin fasahar taso, tunani da kuma NI Kibalchich. Wannan Rasha neman sauyi, marubucin na farko na kudirin a jet jirgin sama, wanda aka tsara domin tashi a shi mutum. Revolutionary, da rashin alheri, shi da aka kashe ranar 3 Afrilu, 1881. Kibalchicha zargi da cewa ya na da hannu a cikin kisan gillar da Alexander II. Tuni a cikin kurkuku jiran kisa da hukuncin kisa, ya ci gaba da bincike da ban sha'awa sabon abu da matsayin jet propulsion a cikin yanayi da kuma a cikin fasahar da ke faruwa a cikin rabuwa da abu. A sakamakon wadannan binciken, ya ci gaba da aikin. Kibalchich rubuta cewa wannan ra'ayin yana goyan bayan shi a matsayinsa. Yana shirye ya sadu da mutuwar calmly, da sanin cewa irin wannan muhimmanci samu bai mutu tare da shi.

Aiwatar da ra'ayoyi a sarari jirgin

Bayyanuwar jet propulsion a yanayi da fasahar ci gaba da karatu K. E. Tsiolkovsky (photo shi ne ya wakilci a sama). Back a farkon karni na 20th, babban Rasha masanin kimiyya samarwa da ra'ayin amfani da roka for sarari jirgin. Labarin a kan wannan batu ya bayyana a cikin 1903. Yana da aka wakilta wani ilmin lissafi lissafi, wanda ya zama mafi muhimmanci a gare astronautics. An sani a yau kamar yadda "Tsiolkovsky dabara". Wannan lissafi ya bayyana motsi na a jiki da ciwon m taro. A cikin m ayyukan da ya gabatar da roka motor kewaye, aiki a kan ruwa man fetur. Tsiolkovsky aka nazarin yin amfani da jet propulsion a yanayi da fasaha, shi ya ɓullo da wani Multi-mataki roka zane. Ya kuma samo asali da ra'ayin da yiwuwar wani kusa-Duniya kewayewa sarari na dukan birane. Waɗannan ne waɗanda suke a cikin ãyõyin zo masanin kimiyya, karatu jet propulsion a cikin yanayi da kuma fasaha. Da makamai masu linzami a matsayin Tsiolkovsky nuna - kadai na'urorin da za a iya shawo kan da karfi nauyi. Roka ya bayyana a matsayin wani inji ciwon jet engine, wanda aka located a kan shi utilizes man fetur da kuma oxidizer. Wannan na'ura sabobin tuba da sinadaran makamashi na wani man fetur, wanda shi ne sanadin motsi makamashi na iskar gas jet. Makami mai linzami da kanta haka ya fara motsa a gaban shugabanci.

A karshe, cikin masana kimiyya karatu da motsi na jikinsu a wani amsawa yanayi da fasaha, ya tafi gudanar da aiki. Yana fuskantar wata babbar aiki na aiwatar da dogon-tsaye mafarki na bil'adama. Kuma wata ƙungiya daga Soviet masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Academician S. P. Korolevym, abar kulawa da shi. An za'ayi da ra'ayin Tsiolkovsky. A farko wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu da aka kaddamar a Tarayyar Soviet, Oktoba 4, 1957 Hakika, amfani da roka.

Yu. A. Gagarin (hoton sama) ya da mutumin da ya yi da daraja a gudanar da wani na farko jirgin cikin sarari. Yana da muhimmanci ga duniya da ya faru Afrilu 12, 1961. Gagarin a cikin tauraron dan adam-kumbon sama jannati "Vostok" circled duniya. Tarayyar Soviet ce ta farko da kasar zuwa wanda da roka kai da watã, circled kewaye da ita da kuma hoton gefen, ganuwa daga Earth. Bugu da kari, da kuma a kan Venus farko ziyarci shi ya Rasha. Sun kawo wa surface na wannan duniyar tamu kimiyya kida. American sama jannati Neil Armstrong - na farko mutum a kan Moon ta surface. Ya sauka a kan shi Yuli 20, 1969. A shekarar 1986, da "Vega-1" da "Vega-2" (jiragen ruwa na zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet) yayi nazari up kusa Halley ta tauraro mai wutsiya cewa fuskanci Sun kawai kowane 76 shekaru. nazarin sararin samaniya ya ci gaba ...

Kamar yadda ka gani, yana da matukar muhimmanci da kuma amfani kimiyya ne kimiyyar lissafi. Jet propulsion a cikin yanayi da kuma fasahar - wannan shi ne kawai daya daga cikin ban sha'awa al'amurran da suka shafi tattauna a shi. Kuma a cimma wannan kimiyya ne sosai, sosai gagarumin.

Kamar yadda amfani a yau amsawa motsi a cikin yanayi da fasahar

A cikin ilimin lissafi a cikin 'yan shekarun baya, an yi mahimmancin adadi. Duk da yake yanayi ya kasance ba tare da canzawa ba, fasaha yana tasowa a hanzari. A zamaninmu, ana amfani da ka'idar jet motsi ba kawai ta dabbobi da shuke-shuke daban-daban ba, har ma a cikin jannatin jannati da jirgin sama. A cikin sararin samaniya, babu yanayin da jiki zai iya amfani dashi don hulɗa don canza canjin da kuma jagorancin gudun. Abin da ya sa don tafiya a cikin sararin samaniya ba za ka iya amfani da makamai masu linzami kawai ba.

A yau jigilar motsi a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, yanayi da fasaha suna amfani dashi. Ba abin asiri bane, kamar yadda dā. Duk da haka, mutum bai kamata ya huta a kan labarunta ba. Akwai hanyoyi masu zuwa a gaba. Ina so in yi imani da cewa jigilar motsin jigilar yanayi da fasaha, wanda aka bayyana a taƙaice a cikin labarin, zai sa mutum yayi sabon binciken.