Ikon da Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: hatsari, dawo da

Ikon da ikon shuka - mafi girma a Rasha. shi ne kuma na shida hydroelectric iko a duniya. Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar located in Khakassia, a kan Yenisei River, kusa Sayanogorsk.

Abun da ke ciki Tsarin tashar

Babban abu na tashar ne baka-nauyi dam sanya kankare, wanda yana da tsawo na 245 da mita da kuma wani tsawon 1066 mita. Da nisa a tushe na dam - 110 mita, kuma tare da kunya 25 mita. Dam za a iya zuwa kashi hudu sassa. Hagu banki da kuma dama-banki voiceless rabo tsawon, bi da bi, 246 m da 298 m, wani ruwa wulãkantacce rabo daga wani tsawon na 190 mita, da kuma tashar - 332 mita.

Tare da dam adjoins Dam powerhouse.

Ba a gama abu - gaci spillway, wanda shi ne a yi zamani (izini a 2011).

Overview

Kafin hadarin ya faru ne a shekara ta 2009, da Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar samar da 15% na lantarki da makamashi da samar da hydroelectric ikon shuke-shuke a Rasha da kuma 2% na kasar da wutar lantarki.

Ikon da ikon shuka - 6.400 MW. Power Plant - flagship na cikin gida da samar da wutar lantarki. Ganin Mainskaya waterworks, ikon Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko shuka na 6721 MW. A talakawan shekara-shekara tashar bada kasar 24,5 biliyan kWh. Matsakaicin samar aka kai a 2006, lokacin da wani katafaren bazara da ambaliyar ruwa ya yarda da tashar samar da 26,8 biliyan kWh na wutar lantarki.

Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. AMINCI, kyale shi yin tsayayya da ruwa matsa lamba, cimma kashi 60 cikin dari na da kansa nauyi da kuma kashi 40 ta hanyar yin amfani da arches daga cikin manya bel, wanda Canza wurin da kaya a bakin tekun duwatsu. A saboda wannan dalili, da gina madatsar ruwa a kan dutsen ya fado a cikin hagu banki na 15 mita da kuma a kan daidai banki na mita 10. Tare da tushe tashar dam conjugate matsayin da tapping a zurfin 5 mita. Wannan m zane sanya shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da kasa da 20% na adadin kankare a kwatanta da nauyi Tsarin.

A cikin dakin an sanya goma hydroelectric hydroelectric raka'a tare da damar 640 MW kowane. A Dam ne na musamman, kamar baka-nauyi irin shiri a Rasha akwai daya kawai Gergebil'skaya hydroelectric iko, amma iyãwarsa ne da yawa karami fiye da daya cewa yana da Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Yenisei River damar domin muhimmanci da iko fiye da kogin Karakoysu.

A halin yanzu, da spillway dam yana da damar 13.600 m³ / s. Tun da inflow na ruwa zuwa cikin jeri na matsakaicin rubuta a wani kudi na 24.400 m³ / s, ya yanke shawarar gina wani ƙarin spillway. Wannan makaman ne aka yi nufi ga kara rura wutar damar da spillways a 8000 m³ / s.

A abun da ke ciki Sayano- Shushenskogo hydro hadaddun ƙungiya hada Mainskaya HPP da ciwon 321 MW ikon, kuma ya aikata aikin counter-kayyadewa.

Kafa ta hydroelectric dam tafki yana da cikakken kewayon 31 cubic mita. km (daga wanda amfani -. 15 cubic km). An yanki na 621 sq. km. The ruwa ingancin da tafki ne sosai high, da sanya shi yiwuwa don tsara shi Fishing kamfanonin da suka girma kifi. Halittar tafki kai ga ambaliya na 35 dubu. Kadada na gona. Yana da ya wajaba don canja wurin fiye da 2700 Tsarin. Tafki yankin da aka located Muciya Reserve.

Station Design Cibiyar yi "Lengidroproekt".

tattalin arziki muhimmanci

Kamar yadda na 2001 da kudin wutar lantarki a Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP ya 1.62 kopecks. da kWh. Riba da wutar lantarki tsara a da ikon shuka fiye da sau biyu da riba daga ikon shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, shi ne mai iko kayan aiki diyya ganiya surges na wutar lantarki tsara a cikin ikon tsarin na Rasha.

Samar da wutar lantarki (75%) na babban mabukaci da wutar lantarki, an aluminum shuka Sayanogorsk ( "Rasha aluminum" Corporation). Gabatarwa shuka da mataki da ya faru a 2006, musamman ga yin amfani da ikon da makamashi, wanda ya ba a bukatar saboda rashin ikon watsa Lines.

yawon shakatawa

A tashar da ta kwamfuta dakin ne ban sha'awa kamar yadda wuraren yawon shakatawa. Har ila yau a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai zaman kansa ikon shuka. Tun lokacin da abu ne ga gwamnatin, za a iya ziyarci kawai ta hanyar yankin yawon shakatawa aiki.

Yankin inda aka located da Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar (map posted a kasa) - a wurin cewa ya zama mashahuri a cikin yawon bude ido. A baya can, akwai ko da wani musamman kallo bene daga abin da ka iya mafi kyau ga tashar. Yanzu wannan wuri kusa da wani dam gina tunawa sadaukar da magina na HPP. A cikin banki na Yenisei River tsaye da biyar-domed ganiya Borus, dauke da Khakass kasa shrine a matsayin Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Khakassia katin damar samun su san inda wadannan wurare.

A kallo bene a gefen hagu ba ka damar ganin fari dutse guda biyu da ɗari mita high. Yana da wani ɓangare na Kibik-Kordonsky marmara adibas, wanda daukan 'yan kilomita daga cikin tekun na Yenisei. Wani sashi na hanya daga Sayanogorsk a Cheremushky ta'allaka kai tsaye a kan marmara filin. Sa shi ya hana mai tsanani ma'aunan kasa da yanayi da kuma dutse kakar, yin shi da daya daga cikin rufi daga cikin mafi tsada a duniya.

yi

A karshe yanke shawara a kan ko za a fara gina ikon shuka, aka yanke shawarar a shekarar 1962. Yana fara yi a 1968. A shekarar 1975, a lokacin shiri na HPP an yanke tashar Yenisei River, kuma a shekarar 1978, tare da commissioning na farko hydroelectric tashar ya ba na farko talk. Daga shekarar 1979 har zuwa 1985 shi ake aiwatar consistently kaddamar da tara ƙarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a. A shekarar 1988, tashar gini m kammala. A 2005, ya fara aiki a kan gina wani tudu spillway, wanda ya inganta AMINCI na tashar. A shekarar 2011, da spillway aka sa a cikin aiki.

amfani

A shekara ta 2006, tsanani shortcomings a cikin engine dakin da ruwa sallama famfo sump da aka samu. A shekara ta 2007, a yau da kullum duba saukar da wani gagarumin tabarbarewar booms, wanda shekaru shekaru 20. Ba sosai nasara, shi ne yiwuwa ga wani ya karu samuwar fasa ya hydrounits zane, wanda aka sanye take da Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Hotuna da aka buga bayan da hadarin ya taimaka wajen yin hukunci da har na halaka su.

babban shirin na zamani da kuma fasaha da haɓaka na tashar, da aiwatar da abin da ya fara, amma hatsari a ikon shuka ya sanya sabawa a cikin tsare-tsaren na magina an ci gaba.

hatsari

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP hatsarin da ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta na 2009, entailed babbar hallakarwa.

Da safe, a watan Agusta na 2009 a HPP hadarin ya faru. Akwai wani halakar na biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar, da kuma dakin da aka cika da ruwa injin turbin zauren tare da yalwa da ruwa. 7th kuma 9th na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a aka mugun lalace, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa cika har da na uku, hudu da na biyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a. Wannan ya kai ga halakar injin turbin ginin wanda aka mulki ta Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. A hadarin sa a cikin mutuwar 75 mutane.

Tashin hankalin da aka cikakken bincike. Dokar bincike da aka buga a watan Oktoba shekara ta 2009.

dawo da

New hydroelectric maye gurbin lalace, an umurce su da sha'anin "Power Machines". Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2010 shekara mun kasance a cikin sabis raka'a № 6, № 5, № № 3 da 4, a yarda a yi da damar da har zuwa 2560 MW - 40% na maras muhimmanci. Layi daya aikin da aka gudanar dismantling naúrar 2 da erection № spillway ƙare nasara na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da gwaje-gwaje. A tashar biliyan 10 kilowatt-sa'o'i na wutar lantarki da aka generated.

Saboda haka mataki na farko na sake raya, a sakamakon wanda aka samu izini hudu hydroelectric shafi kasa duk da tashar da aka kammala.

A shekarar 2011, karo na biyu mataki na sake raya. Yana da aka kammala aikin gina wannan mataki na biyu na spillway, kuma da karshen shekara dukan hadaddun na spillway aka sa a cikin aiki.

Bugu da kari, da sabon samar da wutar lantarki naúrar (№ 1) da aka sa a cikin aiki.

Da wutar lantarki da samar a 2011 amounted zuwa fiye da 18 biliyan kW ∙ h.
A shekarar 2012, uku sabon hydroelectric gudu: lamba 7, yawan 8, yawan 9, bayan da ikon da ikon shuka ya 3.840 MW.

A shekarar 2013, shi ya kaddamar uku sabon hydroelectric raka'a: lamba 10, yawan 6, yawan 5, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a kawo da damar da shuka har zuwa 4480 MW.

fiye da 24 biliyan kWh da aka samar a 2013 a tashar.

2014 aka kaddamar a wani uku mataki maimaitawa tashar. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da aiwatar a shekarar 2014 ya na yanzu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar yawan 4.

A Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko shuka da aka za'ayi cikakken sake sabon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a OJSC "Power Machines", wanda suna da mafi kyau sigogi da kuma cika tare da m aminci da aminci. Ikon da ikon shuka ya zama daidai ga maras muhimmanci - 6400 MW. Iyakar yadda ya dace da sabon ruwa turbines ya kai 96,6%, da kuma iyakar da sabis na rayuwa na inji aka ƙara zuwa shekaru 40. Yanzu da Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, wani photo nan da nan bayan da hadarin ya kuma yau ne sosai daban-daban, aiki a cike iya aiki.