Rashin zaman lafiya m hadaddun mahadi

Kila duk wanda yake saba da makaranta da kuma sha'awar a cikin sunadarai na shi dan kadan, sane da wanzuwar hadadden mahadi. Wannan ne mai matukar ban sha'awa dangane da fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace. Idan ba ka ji irin wannan abu, da ƙasa da za mu bayyana kome. Amma a fara da tarihin samu wannan quite sabon abu da kuma ban sha'awa irin sinadaran mahadi.

labarin

Complex salts da aka sani da gano da ka'idar da sunadaran ba su damar zama. Suna mai suna bayan da sunadarai wanda ya gano wannan ko jam'iyya, da kuma na din-din-din sunayen da aka ba a gare su. Kuma, saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa su fahimci abu na dabara abin da kaddarorin shi ya mallaka.

Wannan dade har 1893, har sai da Swiss sunadarai Alfred Werner ya ba samarwa ka'idarsa, wanda for shekaru 20 da samu Nobel Prize a cikin sunadarai. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa bincike ya za'ayi ne kawai ta wajen fassarar da dama sinadaran halayen, wanda aka shiga a cikin wasu gidaje. Sanya nazarin kasance a gabãnin gano electron da Thompson a 1896, da kuma bayan taron, bayan shekaru goma, ka'idar da aka kara da cewa, a cikin da yafi modernized da wuya; nau'i ya kai mu kwana da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin kimiyya bayyana mamaki da suka faru a lokacin sinadaran halayen shafe gidaje.

Saboda haka, kafin ya koma zuwa ga wani bayanin abin da akai rashin zaman lafiya, za mu fahimci a ka'idar, ga abin da muka kira a sama.

A ka'idar hadaddun mahadi

Werner a cikin ainihin version sanya da dama daidaituwa ka'idar postulates cewa kafa tushen da:

1. A wani daidaituwa (hadaddun) fili ya zama tsakiyar ion. Wannan yawanci zarra d-kashi, a kalla - wasu p-sunadaran abubuwa, kuma na s-abubuwa za su iya aiki a cikin wannan iya aiki, kawai Li.
2. Jamhuriyar ion tare da Associated ligands (tsaka tsaki ko cajin barbashi, misali ruwa ko wani chlorine anion) Forms wani ciki Sphere komlesnogo fili. Yana behaves a cikin bayani kamar guda manyan ion.
3. A matsanancin Sphere aka yi sama da ions na daura ãyã ga lura da ciki Sphere. Wannan shi ne, misali, barnatar da cajin Sphere [CrCl _6] ^3- ion m Sphere iya zama karfe ions: Fe ^3+, Ni ^3+, da dai sauransu ...

Yanzu, idan ka'idar duk abin da yake bayyana a fili, za mu iya matsa wa sinadaran Properties na hadaddun mahadi da su da bambance-bambance da na kowa gishiri.

sinadaran Properties

A wani bayani da hadaddun mahadi dissociate cikin ions, amma maimakon a ciki da kuma m Sphere. Za mu iya cewa suka nuna hali a matsayin karfi Wutan.

Bugu da kari, da ciki na Sphere, kuma, za a iya karya saukar zuwa ions, amma domin wannan ya faru, shi ake bukata don ciyar makamashi mai yawa.

A matsanancin Sphere a hadaddun mahadi za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu ions. Alal misali, idan waje filin ya chlorine ion, kuma shi ne ma ba a cikin bayani ion wanda tare da ciki Sphere zai samar da wani insoluble fili ko a cikin bayani yana mai cation bada wani insoluble fili tare da chlorine zai auku canzawa dauki na cikin matsanancin Sphere.

Kuma yanzu, kafin mu ci gaba da definition daga abin da yake akai rashin zaman lafiya, bari mu magana game da sabon abu, wanda aka kai tsaye alaka da wannan ra'ayi.

electrolytic dissociation

Zaka wannan kalma ne mai yiwuwa mafi saba da makaranta. Amma har yanzu ba a definition wannan ra'ayi. Dissociation - a lalata da solute kwayoyin a cikin ions a cikin sauran ƙarfi. Wannan shi ne saboda samuwar isasshe da karfi shaidu da sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin solute ions. Alal misali, ruwa yana biyu oppositely cajin iyakar, da kuma wasu kwayoyin suna janyo hankalin zuwa korau ƙarshen cations, da sauransu - da kyau karshen anions. Kamar wancan kafa hydrates - ions aka kewaye da ruwa kwayoyin. A gaskiya, wannan shine jigon electrolytic dissociation.

Yanzu, a gaskiya, koma babban topic wannan labarin. Mene ne m rashin zaman lafiya na hadaddun mahadi? Yana da sauki isa, kuma a cikin gaba sashe za mu dubi wannan ra'ayi a cikin daki-daki da kuma daki-daki.

Rashin zaman lafiya m hadaddun mahadi

Wannan adadi shi ne a gaskiya kishiyar da akai ustoychiovsti gidaje. Saboda haka shi kuma za a fara.

Idan baku ji game da ma'auni m na dauki, shi ne mai sauki fahimta wannan abu ne. Amma idan ba haka ba, mu yanzu a takaicce bayyana wannan rikodin. A ma'auni m aka bayyana a matsayin rabo na maida hankali dauki kayayyakin, ya tashe su da ikon su stoichiometric coefficients ga farawa kayan, wanda aka rubuta a cikin wannan hanya da coefficients a cikin lissafi na dauki. Yana nuna a abin da shugabanci je advantageously ya mayar da martani a sãɓãwar launukansa yawa na fara kayan da kayayyakin.

Amma inda ba mu ba zato ba tsammani ya fara magana game da ma'auni m? A gaskiya ma, da akai rashin zaman lafiya da kuma m kwanciyar hankali ne, a gaskiya, da ma'auni constants na halayen da halaka da kuma samuwar ciki Sphere na hadaddun. Sadarwa a tsakanin su mai sauki ne: Domin _n = 1 / _bakinka.

Don fahimtar abu, ba da wani misali. Dauki hadaddun anion [Ag (NO _{2) 2]} ^- da kuma rubuta ta bazuwar dauki lissafi:

[Ag (NO _{2) 2]} ^- => Ag ^{+ +} 2NO ₂ ^-.

Rashin zaman lafiya m da hadaddun ion na fili shi ne daidai to 1.3 * 10 ^-3. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi ne barga isa, amma har yanzu ba har a yi la'akari sosai a barga. A mafi girma zaman lafiyar da hadaddun ion da sauran ƙarfi a, da ƙasa da rashin zaman lafiya m. Formula shi za a iya bayyana cikin sharuddan taro na farko reactants da: K _n = [Ag +] * [2NO ₂ ^{-] 2} / [[Ag (NO _{2) 2]} ^-].

Yanzu mun gane ainihin manufar kamata haifar da dan kadan daban-daban data sadarwa. A bar shafi an rubuta sunayen sunadarai, da dama - da akai rashin zaman lafiya na hadaddun mahadi.

tebur

More cikakken bayanai a kan duk aka sani mahadi da aka jera a cikin alluna a cikin na musamman kundayen. A cikin wani hali, da akai rashin zaman lafiya na hadaddun mahadi, da tebur ne don ƙarin na mahadi ba sama, ne mai wuya ga tsanani taimake ku ba tare da yin amfani da shugabanci.

ƙarshe

Da zarar mun fitar da siffa yadda za a lissafta da m rashin zaman lafiya, a can ne kawai daya tambaya - game me ya sa wannan shi ne duk kana bukatar.

Babban manufar wannan girma - da definition na zaman lafiya na hadaddun ion. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za mu iya hasashen da zaman lafiyar na bayani da wani musamman fili. Wannan shi ne taimako sosai a cikin duk yankuna, ko ta wani hanya da alaka da amfani da hadaddun abubuwa. Ji dadin koyo sunadarai!