Bitrus da Bulus Church a majemi. A abin tunawa daga zamanin d al'adun Veliky Novgorod

A zama yankin na Veliky Novgorod, da ake kira daga na da lokaci Nerevskim karshen, shi ceton wani rukuni na gine-gine ginen. Suna located tare hagu kogin Volkhov a Sofia gefe zuwa arewa, cikin babbar katanga. Dukan su ne mafi balaga da cikakken m Monuments na Novgorod gine alaka da XV karni, kuma ya kamata a kare a matsayin kasa dukiya. Su location tarihi shirki da Nerevskim karshen, sau da yawa kira su Kozhevnitskimi.

Bitrus da Bulus Church a Kozhevniki: description

The gine-ginen yanke shawarar gina wannan haikali a kan bankunan na ƙarfafan Volkhov, ya ga shi fuska da gabashin facade. Da fasaha zaba rabbai, samar da wani kwazazzabo silhouette da dama wuri, a yau sanya wannan haikali mai kyau abin tunawa daga zamanin d art, karatu wanda daya zai iya gani, kamar yadda lokaci cigaban gine-gine.

Domin da shaft a gefen titi Dimitiriyas da take kaiwa zuwa Zverin sufi, har yanzu tsaye da wani tsoho da kuma ban mamaki tsarin, cikinsa da cikawa da kuma balaga. Wannan shi ne da gaske misali mai kyau na gine-gine da cewa ya halayyar da zamanin Yuan na Novgorod ƙasar.

Bitrus da Bulus Church a Kozhevniki aka gina a 1406. An gina na farar ƙasa tubalan, duk da ado aiki na facade, kazalika da arches, da manyan cokula, da kuma shugaban na coci sanya na ja tubalin.

tsoho Architecture

Kamar yadda tarihi labari, wannan kyakkyawan haikalin da aka gina ta da sana'a-tanners. A dogon lokacin da suka wuce, ya zama daidai, a 1227 wani katako coci tsaya a kan wannan tabo. Amma a 1384, ta sha wahala daga mai tsanani wuta. Ganuwar da sabon coci gina na farar ƙasa tubalan da kuma tubalin, da kuma musamman ba a shafe.

By 1930, da coci kararrawa hasumiya da aka rushe. Duk da haka, shi ya ya suka sha wahala mafi a lokacin Nazi zama. Cikakken mayar da su asalin kyakkyawa ya kasance ne kawai ta 1960. Wannan tsari daukan gine-ginen Pillar GM da Shulyak L. M.

allahntaka ƙawa

Bitrus da Bulus Church a majemi hotuna da cikakken nuna duk m kyakkyawa da ɗaukaka, ba a karya domin ƙarni, shi ne fairly high-domed hudu-al'amudin tsarin. Its facades - cikakken kuma m proportionately, kuma a karshe yankunan sa girmamawa a kan expertly kashe brickwork multiblade ornamental arches, a cikin gungu wanda ya hada da na mota, sassaka daga cikin triangular dimples, arkaturny frieze, rosette, Niska zagaye da pentagonal siffar, tsare da kuma taimako crosses.

A cikin facade daga kudu ya tsira biyar-memba abun da ke ciki. Ya kunshi biyu maharibai da uku windows zubar therebetween. Ancient gine-ginen Bitrus da Bulus Church a Kozhevniki lashe tare da ado biyar-ruwa Brow. Sosai asali a tsaye da sandunansu, nadi kanta aka yi wa ado apse na coci. Sun ja da kananan semicircular arches.

A binciken da na tsufa

A mafi muhimmanci da kuma daukan hankali abubuwa na ciki ado sanya a cikin gargajiya style, samo asali a cikin XIV karni, a cikin na biyu da rabi. Wani karin da asali gine-gine da zane na St. Bitrus da Bulus ya cikin tsari na ƙofar jefa ba a cikin kauri daga cikin bango (irin dabaru sukan yi amfani a cikin aikin gina Novgorod majami'u XII-XV ƙarni), kazalika da wani raba dutse bene, ayi a arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na haikali . Mene ne ban sha'awa, shi ne wannan siffa da haikalin da kuma nuna maimata da ita liyafar da amfani da gine-ginen daga cikin shahararrun haikalin Fedora Stratilata, gina a 1360.

Tuni a cikin XVIII karni, an haɗe zuwa gefen kudu na ɗakin sujada na Uku Hierarchs. A kadan daga baya, a wajen yamma gina karamin kararrawa hasumiya.

A lokacin daga XV zuwa XVI karni ya canza dukan coci na St. Bitrus da Bulus a majemi. Shirin sake farfado da aka sosai ban sha'awa - shi ya zama biyu-labarin. A yammacin ɓangare na mawaka fara da za a sanya inda matakala manyan daga arewa maso yammacin kusurwa. Saboda haka, akwai podtserkove ko in ba haka ba - ginshiki. The sosai guda coci da aka located a hawa na biyu a cikin abin da ake kira nassi.

Zane-zane da kuma murals

Gina portal mai tsanani form, aka fitar da kasar a lokacin da coci da aka kasu kashi biyu benaye. A kowane gefe na portal mu duba ta hanyar ragowar tsoho zane-zane, da kuma wanda zai iya gani a gefe daya da image daga Manzanni Paul da Bitrus, a kan wasu - wani mala'ika da takobi a hannunsa.

Za'ayi da image bincike bincike Gusev Paul ya gano cewa icon daga cikin Manzanni Bitrus da Bulus da aka kashe a man Paint craft da kyau style, da kuma Angel - a fresco dabara. A karshen ya kammala da cewa kayayyakin su ne gaba daya lokuta daban-daban. Angela dangana ga XVI karni, Bitrus da Bulus surar - da XVIII karni, a lokacin da yake cikin Haikali ya koma hawa na biyu.

Yau cikin Haikali ya daina aiki, da kuma sabis da shi ba a bayar. Yanzu akwai wani reshe na Jihar Museum-Reserve, wanda aiki a ranar Laraba da kuma Lahadi daga 11:00 am 16.00. Litinin da Talata - kwanaki. Entrance fee - 50 rubles, dalibai da kuma daliban -. 30 goga, yara har zuwa shekaru 16 -. Free. A kowace shekara daga 1 ga Oktoba zuwa Maris 1, da gidan kayan gargajiya rufe.