A ka'idar dangantakar da baki ramuka a sarari

Black ramuka a sarari shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki mamaki na duniya, da aka sani zuwa kimiyyar zamani. Su zama aka annabta Albertom Eynshteynom more a farkon kwata na XX karni.

A ka'idar dangantakar, dangane tsakanin sarari da kuma lokaci

A cikin marigayi XIX karni, kimiyyar lissafi aka dauke kusan m kanta a kimiyya. Masana kimiyya yi zaton cewa duk asirai na halitta duniya suna warware, da kuma na'urar yanayi duniya ne game da za a cikakken bayani a cikin tsarin na data kasance Concepts na kimiyya. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, duniya gabatar stunningly m labarai ga lissafin kimiyya. Sun a lokacin kimiyya - thermodynamic - gano cewa da yaduwa haske ba a bayyana ta da dokokin gargajiya Newtonian makanikai. Wannan matsala ya shagaltar da zukatan masana kimiyya a duniya. Mun gudanar da shirya shi don matasa ma'aikaci na Patent Office of Switzerland. Sunansa Albertom Eynshteynom. Ya halitta hoto na duniya - ka'idar dangantakar - gaba daya redefined bil'adama game da na'urar talikai. Daga cikin dukan sauran sakamakon ka'idar dangantakar ƙwarai ƙarshe ya rabuwa connection tsakanin lokaci da kuma sarari. Ba tare da faruwa a cikin cikakken bayani, muna iya cewa cikin kudi na kwarara daga lokacin da wani takamaiman mutum (ko wani abu - a frame na reference) ne a hankali alaka da kudi na motsi a cikin sarari. Shi ne gaba daya m kullum rates suna samuwa don mu. Duk da haka, idan jiki ne don hanzarta gudun kusa gudun haske, za ta fara mu'ujizai - lokaci ne a zahiri rage gudu. Wannan ra'ayin da aka akai-akai gane a cikin almarar kimiyya na XX karni.

A curvature na sarari da kuma lokaci, black ramuka a sarari

Wani mai ban sha'awa ƙarshe Einstein shi ne cewa sarari da kuma lokaci na iya zahiri tanƙwara karkashin karfi nauyi. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokaci ya wuce da sannu sannu, ba kawai ga m-dabba ba a kanta batu, amma kuma kusa sosai m jikinsu. Kuma da kusa ka samu zuwa da shi, da karin lokaci slows saukar.

Kamar yadda paradoxical kamar yadda iya sauti, amma a benen da wani skyscraper lokaci ne mafi daukar fiye da ashirin. Amma, kuma, saboda mun gwada da kananan size of sarari matsayin na Duniya, za mu taba lura. Bambanci ne millionths na biyu ne. Saboda haka shi ne curvature na sarari. Yana kawai bends a cikin shugabanci na wani m jiki, a zahiri ja shi rufe da nauyi. Riga daga wannan al'amari shi yana cewa ne baki ramuka a sarari iya zama. Da yiwuwar irin wannan jikin da aka zaci kafin gano dangantakar, masana kimiyya na XVIII karni by John Mitchell. Duk da haka, na farko shi ne tabbatar da kan Einstein ta lissafai, wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya - Karl Schwarzschild.

A farko m tabbaci na Einstein ka'idar da curvature na sarari da aka tabbatar a cikin shekara ta 1919 a lokacin da Turanci falakin Arthur Eddington tabbatar da cewa da hasken m taurari wucewa kusa da Sun, suka gaske lankwasa. Yana da haka m jiki, cewa shi ne, ba kawai arches a gefen duk jikin tashi da shi da kuma haskoki na haske, amma kuma jawo hankalin su ga kansa. A Duniya aika jiki zuwa sarari, kana bukatar ka ba shi gudun 11.2 kilomita ta biyu. Wannan shi ake kira da mafaka gudu. Amma a kan mutum duniya, misali Jupiter, za bukatar high gudun da, daidai da, karin makamashi. Kuma tunanin cewa baki ramuka a sarari - yana da haka m abubuwa da su mafaka gudu sama da 300 000 km / s. Wannan yana nufin cewa haske ba zai iya shawo kan su janye. Kuma idan wata black rami a sarari ba bari haske, daga shi ba zai iya tserewa wani abu. Tun da, bisa ga dangantakar ka'idar, da gudu daga haske ne mafi girma zai yiwu gudun a yanayi.

A zamani view of sarari. Black ramukan don astrophysicists maps

Yau, masana kimiyya sun gano fiye da dubu abubuwa a cikin dare sama, wanda suna dauke su baki ramukan. Haduwar su daidai definition ne cewa wadannan abubuwa ba za a iya lura kai tsaye. Su za a iya gani kawai a kan hali na makwabta wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Saboda haka, a cikin tsakiyar mafi yawan taurari su ne babbar talakawa da baki ramuka, a kusa da akwai doguwar biliyoyin taurari. Ciki har da mu Milky Way.