The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: a takaice. A feat na Soviet mutane a cikin gwagwarmaya da farkisanci

Tun da farkon Satumba 1939 ƙare short-rayu tsawon zaman lafiya tsakanin biyu mai girma wars karni na ashirin da. Bayan shekaru biyu, a karkashin mulkin Nazi Jamus shi ne babban ɓangare na Turai tare da wata babbar samar da hanya m.

A iko duka ya kawo saukar da Tarayyar Soviet, ga wanda Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Executive Summary wannan lokaci a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet ba zai iya bayyana sikelin da wahala ya jimre da Soviet mutane da kuma domin da heroism.

A kan Hauwa'u na soja gwaji

Tarurrukan na Jamus ikon, m da sakamakon farko Duniya (1914-1918), da zalunci da wanda ya zo a can zuwa jam'iyyar a ikon a kai na demoniac Adolf Hitler, tare da akidar wariyar launin fata magabaci sanya da barazana da wani sabon yaki a gare Tarayyar Soviet kuma da real. By ƙarshen 30 ta, wadannan sentiments suna ƙara shiga cikin mutane, shi ne mafi fili gane, kuma duka-iko shugaban na sararin kasa, Stalin.

A kasar da aka shirya. Mutane da aka barin yi shafukan a gabashin kasar, a Siberia da Urals gina soja masana'antu - maimaita masana'antu da suke a yammacin kan iyakoki. A tsaro masana'antu kashe muhimmanci mafi girma kudi, mutum da kimiyya albarkatu fiye da} ungiyoyin. Don kara da sakamakon aiki a birane da kuma a aikin noma da amfani da akida (Stakhanov motsi) , da m administrative kayayyakin aiki, (haramta shi dokokin a kan horo a cikin masana'antu da kuma a kan na gama gonaki).

Garambawul daga cikin sojojin da aka tallafi na doka a kan duniya conscription (1939) ya gabatar da tartsatsi soja horo. Shi ne a cikin dakaru, laima kulake, Sahihi-kulob a Osoaviahima soma nazarin soja kimiyya gaba sojoji-heroes Patriotic War na 1941-1945. Bude sabon soja makarantu, ɓullo da sabon iri na makamai, fama tsarin kafa m type: sulke da Airborne. Amma lokacin da aka bai isa ba, ga fama shiri na Soviet sojojin da aka a mutunta mutane da yawa m fiye da na Wehrmacht - sojojin Nazi Jamus.

Babban lahani ya kawo zargin Stalin a game da ikon burinsu na high umurninSa. Yana wuni a wasu batattun sifofi danniya, yanka har zuwa kashi biyu cikin uku na jami'in kungiyar soja. Akwai version na shirya tsokanar na Jamus soja da hankali, musanya wata buga da yawa heroes of yakin basasa, wadanda ke fama da purges.

waje dalilai

Stalin da kuma shugabannin kasashen da suka so na rage Turai ikon da na Hitler (Ingila, Faransa, Amurka), ba zai iya haifar da kafin yaki sõyayya anti-farkisanci gaban. Soviet shugaban, a cikin wani kokarin jinkirta da yaki kokarin tuntube da Hitler. Wannan ya kai ga sanya hannu a 1939 na Soviet-German yarjejeniya (yarjejeniya) da wadanda ba ta'adi, wanda shi ne ma ba zai amfana wa da haduwa da anti-Hitler sojojin.

Kamar yadda ya juya waje, gwamnatin kuskure a kan darajar da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Hitler. Yuni 22, 1941, da Wehrmacht da Luftwaffe ba tare da furta yaki farmaki yammacin iyakar kasar da Tarayyar Soviet a ko'ina. Shi ne mai cikakken mamaki ga Soviet sojojin da wani karfi tura zuwa Stalin.

ban tausayi da kwarewa

shirin "Barbarossa" da aka amince a 1940 ta Hitler. A karkashin wannan shirin, da shan kashi na Tarayyar Soviet, da kama daga babban birnin kasar ajiye da uku bazara watanni. Kuma a farko shirin da aka za'ayi tare da daidaici. All mahalarta na yaki ya ambaci kusan m yanayi tsakiyar bazara 1941. Miliyan 5.5 Jamus sojoji da 2.9 miliyan Rasha, total magabaci a armaments - a watan da ya gabata, kuma Muka kãma Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, kusan dukan Ukraine. Soviet asarar - 1 da miliyan kashe, dubu 700 fursunoni ..

Sananne ne Jamus magabaci a cikin fasaha umurninSa, kuma iko - ya sha wahala daga sojojin fama da kwarewa, ya riga ya shige rabin na Turai. Kere horar da kewaye da kuma hallaka dukan kungiyar a Smolensk, Kiev, a cikin Moscow yankin, kawancen na Birnin Leningrad, ya fara. Stalin ya m da ayyuka na su tawagar da kuma koma ga saba danniya - An harbe zargin cin amanar kasa Janar Pavlov, shugaban Western Front.

Mutane ta yaki

Duk da haka, Hitler ta da tsare-tsaren da aka niƙẽwa. Tarayyar Soviet ya tsaya azumi a kan wani yaki gabãtarwar. Created da Babbar umurnin don sarrafa sojojin da hadaden dukan ƙasar hukumar mulki - jihar Tsaro kwamitin, ya jagoranci da dukkan-m shugaban Stalin.

Hitler ya yi ĩmãni da cewa Stalin ta hanyoyi na jagorancin kasar, ba bisa doka ba danniya na ilimi, soja, m manoma da kuma dukan al'ummai za su sa rushewar jihar, fitowan da wani "na biyar shafi" - kamar yadda ya kasance saba wa a Turai. Amma ya ɓace musu.

Ƙi invaders maza a cikin ramuka, da mace a benci, da tsofaffi da kuma matasa da yara. War wannan girma shafi makomar kowane mutum, kuma da ya lashe duniya irin ƙarfin lantarki da ake bukata sojojin. Sadaukarwa ga kowa nasara kawo ba kawai saboda akida dalilinsa, amma kuma saboda m kishin kasa, wanda ya Tushen a pre-neman sauyi tarihi.

Battle of Moscow

A farko tsanani juriya ga mamayewa samu a karkashin Smolensk. A jaruntakar kokarin da m a kan babban birnin kasar da aka tsare a can har farkon watan Satumba.

By Oktoba tankuna da crosses a kan makamai zuwa Moscow, tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa kamawa da Soviet babban birnin kasar kafin sanyi weather. Ya zo da mafi wuya lokaci a cikin shekaru na Great Patriotic War. A Moscow, ayyana dokar ta kewaye (10/19/1941).

A tarihin zai gushe ba soja farati a ranar tunawa da Oktoba juyin juya halin (11.07.1941) a matsayin wata alama amincewa da cewa Moscow za su iya kare. A sojoji da kuma na mayakan sa kai da aka barin Red Square mike zuwa gaba, wanda shi ne nisan kilomita 20 zuwa yamma.

An misali na juriya na Soviet sojojin fara amfani da 28 Red Army sojoji daga division Janar Panfilov. 4:00 Suka kama da nasara rukuni na 50 tankuna a jamsin Dubosekovo kuma aka kashe su, ya hallaka 18 soja motocin. Wadannan heroes na Patriotic War (1941-1945) - kawai karamin sashi na m rajimanti na Rasha sojojin. Irin wa annan hadayun an haife maƙiyi shakka a cikin nasara, yana ta ƙarfafa ƙarfin hali na kare.

Tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru na yaki, kwamandan da kasashen yammacin Front kusa Moscow, Marshal Zhukov, wanda Stalin ya fara haskaka da rawar da ya ko da yaushe alama wani hukunci tsaro na babban birnin kasar darajar cimma nasara a watan Mayu na shekarar 1945. Da wani bata lokaci a cikin abokin sojojin sanya shi yiwuwa a ajiye ƙarfin ga counter-kai hari: ana garzaya zuwa Moscow sabo ɓangare na Siberian ƙungiyoyin sojoji. Hitler ya shirya ya yaƙi a hunturu yanayi, da Jamus fara da ciwon matsaloli tare da samar da sojojin. By farkon watan Disamba, akwai ya kasance wani sauyi a yaƙi domin Rasha babban birnin kasar.

m canji

M Hitler m na Red Army (12.05.1941 g) jefa da Jamusawa a kan ɗari da hamsin mil zuwa yamma. Nazi sojojin sha wahala ta farko da shan kashi a cikin tarihi, da nasara yaki da shirin ya gaza.

The m dade har Afrilu 1942, amma ga babu ja canje-canje a cikin shakka daga cikin yaki ya nisa: bi ta wata babbar kashi a Birnin Leningrad, ya, Kharkov, Crimea, da Jamus ta kai Volga a Stalingrad.

Lokacin da masana tarihi na kowace ƙasa kira da Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), a takaice daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru shi ne, ba ba tare da yakin Stalingrad. Cewa ganuwar birnin haifa sunan Hitler ta baka maƙiyi, ya samu buga, shi ya jagoranci ƙarshe zuwa ga auka.

tsaro na birnin da aka sau da yawa gudanar a kusa da fama, domin kowane yanki na ƙasa. War Tsohon soji alama wani mataki mai yawan adam da fasaha da albarkatun da hannu a garesu, ya ƙone a wuta na yakin Stalingrad. Jamus rasa kwata da dakarun - rabin miliyan bayonets, 2 da miliyan - mu hasãra.

Unprecedented juriya na Soviet sojoji a tsaro da wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba fushi a kai harin, tare da ƙara yawan dabara fasaha umurnin bayar da yanayi da kuma kama na 22 ƙungiyoyin da 6th Army Field Marshal Paulus. Sakamako na biyu hunturu na yaki gigice Jamus da kuma dukan duniya. Tarihi na War of 1941-1945 canza hanya, ya bayyana cewa Tarayyar Soviet ba kawai tsira da farko buga, amma babu makawa magance mai iko maƙiyi biya.

A karshe mataki na wani sauyi a yaki

A 'yan misalai na jagorancin iyawa na Soviet umurnin ƙunshi mai girma Patriotic War (1941-1945). A takaice daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na 1943 - jerin m wins Rasha.

Spring 1943 ya fara tare da Soviet m kan dukkan fronts. The sanyi na gaban line barazana daga encirclement Soviet Army a cikin Kursk yankin. Jamus m aiki da ake kira "kagara" ne daidai da wannan dabarun manufa, amma Red Army umurnin da ya bayar da waye, defenses a wuraren nufi nasara, lokaci guda shirya reserves ga wani counter-m.

A Jamus m, a farkon watan Yuli gaza karya ta Soviet defenses kawai yankunan zuwa zurfin 35 km. Tarihi na War (1941-1945 shekaru) ya san ranar farkon da most zuwan yaƙi yãƙi a kai-propelled inji. Sultry Yuli rana, 12th, 1,200 tankuna crews fara yãƙi a cikin hamada a kusa da kauyen na Prokhorovka. A Jamus - latest "Tiger" da "damisa", in Russian - da T-34 da wani sabon, mafi iko gun. Shan kashi na Jamusawa buga daga hannun Hitler ta m makami na motorized kungiyar soja da kuma Nazi sojoji suka yi a dabarun tsaron gida.

By karshen watan Agusta 1943 ya aka tsãwace Belgorod, Orel, kuma Kharkov aka saki. Domin da farko 'yan shekaru na Great Patriotic War, da himma kama da Red Army. Yanzu da Jamusanci generals yi tsammani inda za a fara fada.

A bara, soja masana tarihi alama 10 m ayyukan da ya kai ga samun 'yanci na ƙasa ta kãma maƙiyi. Har 1953, an kira "10 Stalin ta naushe."

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): wani summary na ayyukan soji a shekarar 1944

1. Cire Birnin Leningrad, kawancen (Janairu 1944).
2. Janairu-Afrilu 1944.: Battle na Korsun-Cherkassy Aljihu, nasara ta faɗa a Dama-Bank Ukraine, a kan Maris 26 - samun da kan iyaka da Romania.
3. Crimea 'yantar (May 1944).
4. Da shan kashi na Finland a Karelia, ta janye daga yaki (Yuni-Agusta 1944).
5. Hudu fronts m, a Belarus ( "Bagration" aiki).
6. Yuli-Agusta - da fadace-fadace a yammacin Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz laifi.
7. Yassko-Kishinev aiki rout 22 rarrabuwa, da fitarwa daga Romania da kuma Bulgaria yaki (Agusta 1944).
8. Taimaka Yugoslav ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu ibn Tito (Satumba 1944).
9. A kwata 'yanci na Baltic States (Yuli-Oktoba na wannan shekara).
10. Oktoba - kwata 'yanci na Soviet da kuma Circumpolar Arewa-maso-gabas Norway.

Karshen maƙiyi zama

By farkon watan Nuwamba, da Tarayyar Soviet ƙasa a cikin pre-yaki kan iyakoki da aka saki. Yana ƙare da tsawon zama na cikin mutane na Belarus da kuma Ukraine. Yau siyasa halin da ake ciki da ke sa wasu daga cikin "shugabannin" gabatar da Jamusanci zama kusan kamar yadda mai kyau. Yana da daraja tambayar game da Belarusians da suka rasa a kan ayyuka na "m Turawa" kowane huɗu.

Ba abin mamaki na farko kwanaki na waje mamayewa a shagaltar da yankuna sun zama ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu. War of 1941-1945 a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne amsa kuwwa na yaki na 1812 , a lokacin da wasu Turai invaders bai san da zaman lafiya a cikin ƙasa.

kwata 'yanci na Turai

Turai yantar yakin nema a ce da Tarayyar Soviet baba misali mutum kudin da soja albarkatu. Hitler bai yarda da ra'ayin cewa Soviet soja zai zo Jamus gona, jefa shiga yaƙi da dukan abokan sojojin, ya sa bindiga karkashin tsohon maza da yara.

A hanya na mataki na karshe na yaki za a iya gani a cikin suna na awards kafa ta Soviet gwamnati. Soviet liberator sojoji samu irin wannan lambar yabo na yaki na 1941-1945: ga kwata 'yanci na Belgrade (10.20.1944), Warsaw (07.01.1945), Prague (May 9), domin kama daga Budapest (13 Fabrairu), Königsberg (Afrilu 10), Vienna (13 Afrilu). Kuma a karshe bayar da su ga sojoji ga storming na Berlin (May 2).

... Kuma Na zo May. A nasara alama da hannu akan mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus sojojin a kan May 8 da kuma 24 ga watan Yuni da aka gudanar a farati da hannu na wakilan duk fronts, makamai da kuma ayyuka.

Great Nasara

Hitler ta yi caca ya kudin Adam sosai. A daidai yawan adam asarar har yanzu jayayya. Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na hallaka birane, da kafa management ake bukata shekaru masu yawa na aiki tukuru, da yunwa, da kuma haramta.

Daban-daban da aka yanzu kimanta da kuma sakamakon yaki. Geopolitical canje-canje da suka faru tun shekarar 1945, yana da daban-daban sakamakon. Yankin ganĩmõmi na Tarayyar Soviet, da fitowan na gurguzu sansanin da kuma karfafa siyasa nauyi na Tarayyar Soviet a superpower matsayi zarar ya jagoranci wani adawa da kuma tãyar da tashin hankali tsakanin kawance kasashen a cikin yakin duniya na biyu.

Amma babban sakamako ba batun wani bita, ba ya dogara ne a kan da ra'ayoyi na 'yan siyasa neman a gaggauta amfanin. A yakin duniya na II, kasar mu ya kare 'yanci da' yancin kai, da aka ci su da wani mummunan maƙiyi - da m na girma akidar da razana su halakar da dukan al'ummai, Ya kare shi a cikin mutãnen Turai.

Shin tarihi, mahalarta na faɗa, yara na yaki - riga tsofaffi, amma a manta da cewa yaki zai zama kamar dai mutane ne iya godiya da 'yanci, da yin gaskiya da kuma ƙarfin hali.