Mayakan, wanda ya kuɓutar da Rasha statehood

Fage mayakan

A kwata 'yanci na Moscow daga Yaren mutanen Poland invaders a cikin jama'a memory na mu compatriots gargajiyance girmama daya daga cikin mafi jaruntakar aukuwa a Rasha tarihi. Wannan taron da aka sa a kan wani par da wayo mãsu bãyar da bãya Kutuzov daga babban birnin kasar a 1812, wanda ya kai ga jirgin na Napoleon daga Rasha. Kuma da tsaro na Moscow a 1941, aka binne shirin blitzkrieg na Adolf Hitler. Yau, da wannan taron ne da alaka da jihar-matakin hutu - National Unity Day, NUNA da mutane ta mayakan a fuskar occupier.

lokaci na matsaloli

A farkon karni na goma sha bakwai yana da wuya gwajin ga Rasha jihar. A zamanin kira a makaranta littattafan tarihi, "Lokaci na matsaloli", da aka hade duka biyu da ciki crises, m, kuma c ƙãra waje makiya. Livonian War karshen karni na sha shida tsara karɓa wa mai tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin, babban-sikelin yunwa tightens serfdom, da girma da tashin hankali a cikin al'umma, kuma, ba shakka, rage soja m jihar. Da wannan bango, da katse layin na mulki daular, da zamantakewa da siyasa hargitsi, da m kawar da wadanada a kan gadon sarautar Muscovy sanya sauki da kuma riya ga kasashen waje. Muhimmanci nauyi da kuma tasiri a cikin yankin ya samu maƙwabcinsa a fuskar Polish jihar, fuskantar watakila mafi girma flowering na da iko a cikin tarihi. A irin wannan yanayi, wani Rasha-Polish yaki, wanda ya fara a 1609, da sauri ya kai ga faduwar da dama da muhimmanci Rasha birãnensu (kamar Smolensk da Kaluga) da kuma tserewa, kuma daga baya mutuwar arya Dmitry II da kuma ƙarshe da zama dakarun na Sarkin Moscow Sigismund III.

m damunsu

The zama tsawon shekaru biyu - daga kaka 1610 zuwa kaka 1612. A lokacin da wannan lokaci da aka gudanar da taron, da aka sani da mayakan sa kai. Lokacin da na yau da kullum sojojin mika wuya ga mai karfi abokin gaba, da himma ya dauki mutanen da sojojin. Farko da mayakan sa kai suka fara dauki siffar a farkon 1611 a kan himma da kuma karkashin kula na mai daraja Procopius Lyapunov. Gina Dogayen sanda da kuma roko na da m sojojin faru a farko wuri a karkashin sunan kare Orthodox ƙasashe na Katolika Sarki. Fare a kan ra'ayin orthodoxy ya mai girma martani cikin mutane, da kuma a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki, wani muhimmin mahaliccin da mayakan sa kai ya zama sarki Harmajanas, kira ga juriya.

Performance ya faru a Janairu 1611, a lokacin da sojojin yaki da maza da kuma Cossacks na Ryazan, Novgorod da kuma sauran birane koma Moscow. The hukunci yaƙi ya faru a cikin watan Maris, lokacin da Moscow kwanaki biyu na bugãwa harshen wuta, wasu Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin wawushe cikin taskar, shirya koma baya, duk da haka, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin sansanin 'yan tawayen kasuwanci mutane ta mayakan sun gaza kuma aka halaka. Duk da haka, ƙoƙarin da su saki babban birnin bar ba. Kuma a cikin kaka na 1611 a Nizhny Novgorod, ya fara samar da wata sabuwar kasa mayakan. Shugabannin da shi wannan lokaci da magatakarda fara m Kuzma Minin da Dmitry Pozharsky matasa bafadan, kuma ya bukaci mutane su kare Orthodoxy. Biyu da mayakan sa kai na ci gaba da rayayye siffar a lokacin m 1612, mamaye saurã daga cikin ci farko jama'ar kasar Army, kazalika da kunsawa sabon kungiyoyin na gari da kuma manoma, da tsakiyar yankunan. A watan Afrilu 1612 da babban dakarun 'yan tawaye sun mayar da hankali a Yaroslavl, inda irin na babban soja hedkwatar aka kafa - "Council of All da Earth".

The fitar Dogayen sanda

Domin na biyu da rabi na Agusta, 'yan tawayen gudanar ya shiga a cikin wani yaƙi Moscow da kuma kewaye ta da yaƙi na ciki ganuwar birnin, bi da Dogayen sanda bace. Babban yaƙi aka ci sojojin Hetman Yana Hodkevicha da kuma dauka da Kremlin, Moscow, bayan da sallama aka karshe 'yanci.
Saboda haka, rawar da mutane ta mayakan iya wuya a overestimated a Rasha jihar tanadi.