Nikolai Martynov, kashe a wani duel M. Yu. Lermontova: biography

Just 4 bayan shekara Pushkin ta mutuwa ta girgiza Rasha aka gudanar da duel tsakanin M. Yu. Lermontovym da kuma wani Manjo Nikolai Martynov. A sakamakon haka, da mawãƙi ne aka kashe da kuma wani ɗan takara na yaki kashe tare da wata uku kama da sacramental. Ko da yake na karshe duel Lermontov, wanda ya ƙare a kan mutuwarsa, ya faru a kan 175 da suka wuce, shi ne har yanzu siga muhawara game da ko ko ba NS Martynov harbe a mutum wanda sallami gun cikin iska, cewa shi ne. E. Aikata da kisan kai.

asalin

Don fahimtar sabubban mutum ayyuka, da harsashi wanda ya kawo ƙarshen da gajeren biography of M. Yu. Lermontova, kamata koyi game da asalin.

Saboda haka, NS Martynov aka haife shi a Moscow nobility. Kakansa sanya wani arziki a kan ruwan inabi sayi kashe, watau. E., Domin a fee daga jihar ya samu dama zuwa Levy haraji a kan shan kamfanoni, abin da aka sosai nasara. A cikin marigayi 18th karni da aka yi imani da cewa manyansu da bai kamata ba su shiga cikin wannan aiki. Duk da haka, Mikhail Ilyich ko da yake sosai kunya ta, kamar yadda idan ka ce a yau, da kasuwanci amma duk da haka so dansa domin ci gaba da aikinsa, kamar yadda shi ya ba wani kwari samun kudin shiga. Ya raɗa masa suna, uncharacteristic ga mutane na aji. Saboda haka, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov, kabila wadda Lermontov nan da nan bayan mutuwa ne batun hasashe ne babu shakka Rasha.

Iyaye da yara

Uba Martynova Solomon Mihaylovich Martynov tashi zuwa rank na Jihar Councillor, kuma ya mutu a 1839. Matarsa, Elizabeth M. zo daga mai daraja iyali Tarnowski. Just Martynovs iyali da 'ya'ya takwas: 4 da' ya'ya maza da 'ya'ya mata 4. Su, musamman boys, sun samu mai kyau da ilimi, da isasshen kudi don ji a sauƙi a cikin zinariya matasa yanayi da kuma daban-daban m bayyanar.

Nikolai Martynov aka haife shi a 1815, kuma ya yi kawai a shekara, matasa, fiye Lermontov. Daga yara ya na da basira domin wallafe-wallafen aikin da da ewa fara rubuta wakoki, koyi da sanannen kasida a lokacinsa.

koyo

A 1831, Nikolai Martynov shiga makaranta matsara sub-ensigns da mahaya cadets. A wannan shekarar ya kasance daga baya Lermontov. A karshen da aka tilasta fayil wata takarda ta janye daga Moscow University of m tarihi da daya daga cikin furofesoshi, da kuma a St. Petersburg ba ya so ya yi, saboda akwai da ya aka tambaye ka sake fara horo tare da na farko hanya.

Nikolayev sojan doki School, wanda ya juya ga matasa, ya kasance daya daga cikin shahararrun a Rasha. Sai da na ɗauki kawai nobility bayan da karatu a jami'a ko a zaman da takardar makarantu, wanda ba shi da horar da sojoji. Duk da yake karatu Lermontov da Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov sau ɗaya, kamar yadda a wasan takobi a kan spadroon, kuma sun kasance quite saba. Bugu da kari, da mawãƙi da aka gabatar da yawa mambobi ne na iyali na Martynov da ɗan'uwansa Nicholas - Michael - shi ne ya classmate. Daga bisani, kuma ya rubuta cewa daya daga cikin 'yan'uwanku mãtã na Nicholas ko da ya zama wani ɓangare samfur Princess Maryam. An sani cewa mahaifiyar Martynov sosai unflattering comments game Lermontov domin m jokes, amma danta aka burge tare da poetic talanti ɗaya na 'yan'uwanmu kwaleji.

ofishin

Bayan kammala na karatu Nikolay Martinov aka aika zuwa bauta a cikin babbar yayin da sojojin doki rajimanti, wanda a cikin wannan lokacin an jami'in Dantes. A lokacin da Caucasian War , ya, kamar da yawa daga cikin ƙarni, ya tafi aikin sa kai a gaban a cikin bege na daraja da kuma komawa zuwa babban birnin kasar a daraja da kuma soja kayan ado. Akwai, a lokacin da wani soja balaguro Caucasian detachment ketaren kogi Kuban, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov nuna kansa da wani jarumi jami'in. Domin soja amfanoni da aka ma bayar da Order of St. Anna da baka, kuma ya kasance a kan m sharuddan da umurninSa.

murabus

Yanayi ne irin wannan cewa, Nikolai Martynov iya da kyau fatan wani nasara aiki. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a sani ba dalili a 1841, yayin da a cikin sahu na Major (tuna cewa kusan zamani Lermontov shi ne a wancan lokaci kawai leftana), ya abke sulhuntawa ya yi murabus. Yana da aka ce cewa saurayi da aka tilasta su yi da shi, domin ya aka kama a magudi a lokacin da wani katin game da cewa daga cikin jami'an da aka dauke musamman m sabon abu. A cikin ni'imar da irin wannan jita-jita, da yawa kawo sunayensu da cewa Nikolai Martynov, wanda ya isa a] e da kuma sadarwa, ba ya kõma zuwa babban birnin kasar, da koma baya daga al'umma a Pyatigorsk da ya jagoranci wani secluded rayuwa. Daga cikin baƙi da kuma gida Rasha al'umma da aka sani a matsayin eccentric tsohon manyan da asali a matsayin ryadilsya tufafin tuddai da kuma tafiya tare da wata babbar wuka, haddasa dariya daga tsohon abokan aiki.

M. Yu. Lermontov a cikin Caucasus

By 1841, da mawãƙi ya riga ya zama shahara a Rasha godiya ga shayari na Pushkin. Masifa kaka yana da tasiri zumunta a tsakanin kotu a yarda da shi don kauce wa mafi tsanani azaba. Ya aka aika zuwa Caucasus ensign a Nizhny Novgorod rajimanti. Wannan tafiya dade quite dogon, kuma nan da nan ya sake haskaka a babban birnin kasar ta gyaran gashi. Zai yiwu abubuwa dã ya kasance daban-daban idan ku yi jãyayya a cikin gidan da Countess de Laval Ernest Barant. Ɗan wani Faransa jami'in diflomasiyyar gan wani zagi a wani epigram, wanda, kamar yadda ya aka gaya juna abokai rubuta M. Yu. Lermontov. A lokacin duel, wanda ya faru a kusa da site inda ya aka fatally rauni Pushkin, kome ban tausayi ya faru: takobin daya daga cikin abokan hamayyar m Barante rasa, da kuma mawãƙi harbi a cikin iska. Duk da haka, boye gaskiyar cewa wasan ba zai yiwu ba, da kuma mawãƙi aka fitar ga Caucasus, ko da yake ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi murabus.

A dalilan ga duel tare da Martynov

Saboda haka na farko da na zo daga Arewa Capital zuwa Stavropol, inda ya rajimanti Tengin, kuma bayan wani lokaci ya tafi wani gajeren hutu a Pyatigorsk. Kuma da abokai kokarin lallashe shi ba yin haka. Akwai ya sadu da yawa daga cikin St. Petersburg idon sani, ciki har da Martynov. Tir Lermontov harshen sosai warlike bayyanar hutu tsohon classmate. A karshen ya dade lanci a zuciya da mawãƙi, domin ya yi tunani cewa ya aka jeered a gare shi a cikin epigrams, wanda ya hada da sunayen Martysh da Sulaimãn. Daga bisani, a matsayin hanyar da duel aka gani da version bisa ga abin da Martynov zaton cewa Lermontov damuwa 'yar'uwarsa. An kuma nuna kishi matasa game da ni'imar da Faransa actress mai suna Adele, wanda ya kasance a kan yawon shakatawa a cikin Caucasus.

jere

Kwanaki biyu, kafin da bala'i na ta protagonists hadu a gida na Janar Verzilina. Akwai yanzu da na gaba biyu da mawãƙi da haihuwa aboki, Prince Troubetzkoy, kazalika da matarsa da 'yar gidan mai. A gabansu, Lermontov fara saki barbs a kan m "Santa". A wani ban tausayi hadari a kalmomi da music tsaya, kuma suka ji da duk, ciki har da Martynov, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, ado a Circassian. Kamar yadda daga baya ya tuno da juna abokai Lermontov da Martynov, shi ba a farkon lokaci da cewa mawãƙi izgili ritaya manyan. Ya jimre dai shi yiwuwa a yi da'awa cewa barkwanci da wani dangane da shi. Duk da haka, a lokacin da m maraice a Verzilin shi ne duk ma a bayyane yake, da kuma duel Lermontov da Martynov zama makawa. Outraged "Santa" ƙarfi ya sanar da cewa ya daina yi niyyar yin jokes, kuma bar. Mawãƙi natsu da Ladies cewa gobe ya kuma Nicholas Solomonovich yi zaman lafiya, saboda "da ta faru".

Duel Lermontov da Martynov

A wannan yamma, Michael kuma Nicholas da wani m hira, a lokacin da ƙaho kalubale ga wani duel. A duel ya faru gobe. A yanzu version, Lermontov ɗauka da sauƙi bi da dukan abin da faruwa, da kuma kora a cikin iska. Saboda haka, ya aka fi ya, fusãtar da Martynov da aka harbe a kirji. Saboda a lokacin da yaki bai halarci taron ba likita, likita kula da aka ba a bayar, ko da yake ta iya wuya ajiye rai na Lermontov.

Bayan duel Martynov aka yanke masa hukumcin rashi na mallakar dukiyoyi da kuma demotion. Duk da haka, Nicholas II yanke shawarar rage kurkuku jumla na uku zuwa Birgediya.

A rayuwa bayan da duel Martynova san quite 'yan. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 60, kuma an binne shi a cikin sunansa a Ievleva.