Battle of Narva Nuwamba 30, 1700 ( "Narva kunya"). A tarihi muhimmancin da yaƙi

The Battle of Narva shi ne na farko tsanani gwajin ga Rasha Army a Arewa War. A cikin 1700 babu daya zaton cewa yaƙin neman zaɓe zai šauki biyu da suka gabata. Saboda haka, "Narva kunya" jũna a da yawa wani m gazawar.

Fage yaƙi

Great Arewa War fara saboda gaskiyar cewa Bitrus yana kokarin samun dace harbor a kan Baltic Sea. Waɗannan ƙasashe da zarar mallakar Rasha daula, duk da haka, da aka rasa a lokacin da matsaloli na XVII karni. A wadda shekara akwai wani "Narva kunya"? A 1700 m. A wannan lokaci, matasa Rasha tsar aka gina mai yawa da tsare-tsaren su sake fasalin Rasha a cikin wani real ikon duniya.

A 1698 Bitrus na iya cimma diplomasiyya nasara. Sarkin Poland da kuma Elector na Saxony, Augustus II kammala tare da shi a asirce alliance da Sweden. Daga baya wannan yarjejeniya shiga cikin monarch Frederick IV na Denmark.

Tare da irin wannan masõya bãya gare shi, Bitrus ya yi fatan a yi aiki da yardar kaina da Sweden. Sarki Karl XII na kasar zo a kan karaga, a wani sosai matasa, shekaru da kuma bayyana rauni abokin gaba. The asali manufar Bitrus ya zama Ingermanlandia. A ƙasa na zamani Leningrad yankin. The most sansanin soja a cikin yankin da aka Narva. Baya sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga sojojin Rasha.

Fabrairu 22, 1700, Peter ayyana yaki kan Sweden, nan da nan bayan koyo daga wata yarjejeniya da Daular Ottoman, wanda kubutar da shi daga cikin rikici a biyu fronts. Duk da haka, ya ba ta san abin da ya sa ran Narva kunya.

Jihar na da Rasha sojojin

Don yaki da arewacin maƙwabcinsa da aka shirya a gaba. Duk da haka, wannan bai da garantin nasara. Rasha da sojojin har yanzu rayu XVII karni da kuma bayan da Turai sojojin a fasaha sharuddan. Just da darajõji ƙidaya game da 200,000 sojoji, wanda mutane da yawa. Duk da haka, duka daga gare su, ba su da isasshen kayan tsaro, ilimi da kuma abin dogara da'a.

Peter kokarin shirya sojojin na yammacin zamani abin kwaikwaya. Don wannan karshen, ya gayyace daga kasashen Turai na daban-daban kwararru - da mafi yawa Jamus da Holland. A vector an zaba daidai, amma ta 1700 kawai biyu regiments bi da dukan matsayin da bukatun. Don zamanintar da sake horo kamata da yawa lokaci, da Bitrus ya cikin sauri a gama abokan gābansu a cikin bege cewa shi zai ba shi da amfani da mamaki.

By farkon mai girma Arewa War, Rasha har yanzu ba samar da nasu musket. Bugu da kari, sojojin daga farkon fuskanci irin wannan matsala a matsayin underdeveloped kai tsarin. A mummunan yanayi hanya a arewacin yankunan shi ne ainihin kalubale ga sojoji, wanda ya yi nasara da fiye da kilomita dubu. Wadannan dalilai ma da gudummawar da sabon abu, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin Narva kunya.

Jihar na da Sweden sojojin

Northern maƙwabcinsa Rasha, da bambanci, da aka sani cikin Turai na ta da tsari sosai sojojin. Yana shi ne shahararren kawo canji na King Gustav Ii Adolf, wanda firgita abokan gābansa a lokacin da shekaru talatin da 'War (1618-1648).

Yaren mutanen Sweden sojojin doki kunshi kwangila suka samu wani ya fi girma albashi. Dakaru dauka domin wajibi daukar ma'aikata zuwa wani lardi, amma dakaru da kuma da-sanã'anta. The sojojin da aka raba squadrons da battalions, wanda da nagarta sosai mu'amala a fagen yaƙi. Kowane soja da aka saba mai tsanani horo, wanda ya taimake shi a lokacin yaki. A cikin shekaru karni sojojin da Sweden ya lashe wata nasara ne kawai, kuma shi ne godiya ga ta kasa ta fara bazuwa a arewacin Turai. Shi ne mai karaya abokin gaba, da underestimation na da ikon wanda ya juya m kuskure.

Events a kan Hauwa'u na yaƙi

Nuwamba 17, Boris Sheremetev faɗa wa sarki cewa Swedes suna zuwa da su sosai kusa. Babu daya gudanar da al'ada da hankali, kuma a cikin Rasha sansanin kusa Narva bai san ainihin adadin sojojin abokan gaba. Bitrus I, ya koya game da m na abokan gaba, bar zuwa Novgorod da Alexander Menshikov da Fedor Golovin. Umurnin Field Marshal Charles-Evgeniy Krua. Duke (cewa shi ne ya lashe) kokarin tsayayya da sarki ya yanke, duk da haka, bai iya shawo Bitrus.

Daga baya, sarki ya bayyana wannan mataki da cewa ya bukatar saduwa da Sarkin Poland, kazalika da transports kuma replenish reserves. A daidai wannan lokaci da Swedes bayan su nasara kokarin fassara wannan episode kamar yadda karye na sarki. Narva kunya Rasha ya lokaci domin a saki commemorative lambar yabo depicting sobbing Bitrus.

Construction na Rasha sojojin

The sojojin karkashin shugabanci na Croix yi duk abin da samun da qafafunku a kan banki na Narva River. Don yin wannan, a wajen yamma sun gina garun. Dukan sojojin da aka raba kashi uku. The dama flank na shagaltar Avtomonov Golovin na game da 14 da mutane dubu. A tsakiyar tsaya Prince Troubetzkoy da jam'iyyarsa. A karkashin umurnin sun 6000 mutane. A hagu ne sojojin doki, wanda ya yi biyayya Sheremetev.

Lokacin da ya bayyana da cewa Swedes riga quite kusa, de Croix umarci sojojin dauka matsayi. Communications aka miƙa zuwa bakwai kilomita. Kamar haka sojojin sun bakin ciki tsiri. Bãya gare su akwai wani ajiye ko ajiye rajimanti.

Karl dabarun

A safiyar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, 1700 da Sweden sojojin kusata da Rasha matsayi. Narva gabatowa discomfiture. A ranar da yaƙi da aka sani da uku kafofin. Idan ka koma ga pre-gyare-gyare kalanda, da yaƙi da ya faru a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba a Swedish - 20 Nuwamba a halin yanzu - a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba.

Bayyanar da Swedes zo da mamaki ba, duk da dukan gabata shiri. Sheremetev a soja majalisa samarwa don su raba sojojin. Sashe na daga shi ya je kawancen na Narva da sauran - to ba hukunci yaƙi da Swedes a cikin filin. Duke bai yarda da wannan tsari da kuma yanke shawarar barin himma ga matasa Swedish monarch, wanda da kansa ya jagoranci sojojin. Croix de yi imani da cewa Rasha sojojin ne fama-shirye, idan ya zauna a cikin tsohon matsayi.

Swedes su Masani game da halin da ake ciki na abokan gaba, saboda haka sun iya ci gaba da ya fi tasiri dabarun. Karl XII yanke shawarar latsa sãshinansu da Rasha kamar yadda sojojin Center shi ne mafi garu da ya iya kayar da sarki. Kuma haka ya faru Narva kunya. Great Arewa War, na iya yi da daban-daban da sakamakon, idan ba mafi kyau Swedish strategists - Karl Renshild da Arvid Kakakin. Sai suka ba da hikima shawara ga matasa monarch, shi mutum ne, amma yana iya yin kuskure ba tare da goyon bayan soja shugabannin.

hari na Swedes

Narva kunya - shi ne ba kawai bad Rasha shirye-shirye domin yaƙi, amma walƙiya hari na abokan gaba. A Swedes so latsa makiyin sansanin soja. Saboda haka kusan bace dakin rawar daji martani. The kawai hanyar tsira da sanyi ya kai ga kogin Narva.

A dakaru da aka rufe manyan bindigogi, da Swedes kafa a kan wani nan kusa tudu, wanda yayi mai kyau view na ƙasa. Rain wani dalili da cewa ya faru Narva kunya. Yana yi sa'a Swedes. The iska da aka busa a fuskar Rasha sojoji. Ganuwa bai wuce dozin matakai cewa ya ji rauni a koma wuta.

A 2 karfe da rana biyu zurfin Swedish sandan buga da sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu miƙa Rasha sojojin. Jimawa akwai ramuka a uku wurare inda Karl buga kasa yin tunãni. Swedes jituwar da aka abar koyi, Narva zama makawa kunya. Da muhimmancin da wuya a overestimate, saboda bayan kamar wata hours, maƙiyi ya shigo da Rasha sansanin.

Na fara tsoro da kuma yi ƙaura. Yan gudun hijira da wani zabi amma don kokarin shiga kũtsãwa Narva. A garin kankara ruwa nutsar game da dubu mutane. Kafin wannan, da kogin aka koma a kananan pontoon gada, wanda zai iya yin tsayayya da mãsu alãma daga cikin yan gudun hijira da kuma rushe, cewa kawai kara yawan wadanda ke fama. Narva kunya, wanda kwanan wata black rana domin Rasha soja tarihi, ya bayyana a fili.

Harkokin waje generals sa Peter a kai da dakarun, sun kuma fara ja da baya, wanda infuriated da Rasha sanda. Daga cikin su kasance da kansa de Croix, kazalika da Ludwig Allart. Sun mika wuya ga Swedes, tserewa daga nasu sojojin.

A mafi girma juriya da aka sa a dama reshe. Nan da Rasha sojoji shinge daga maƙiyi catapults da kuraye. Duk da haka, shi zai iya daina canza sakamakon da yaƙi. A dare, da halin da ake ciki ya tsananta. An sani episode idan biyu Swedish tawagar a cikin duhu dauki juna da Rasha da kuma bude wuta a kan su guda. Cibiyar da aka karya, da kuma saboda wannan biyu gefen aka kare kansu ba zo a cikin lamba tare da juna.

sallama

Wannan shi ne farkon da Arewa War. Narva kunya ya m amma bata da makawa gaskiya. Da safe da sauran mukamai na sojojin Rasha, ya yanke shawarar a fara tattaunawa domin sallama. Babban tsagaita wuta da aka Prince Yakov Dolgorukov. Ya shirya tare da Swedes a kan free izinin zuwa gaban tudu. A lokaci guda, da Rasha, sojoji da aka hana na da kaya da kuma manyan bindigogi, amma ta zauna Banners da makamai.

Swedes tafi babba ganima: 32 dubu rubles daga baitulmali na gidan sarki, 20,000 muskets. Sun disproportionate hasarori. Idan Swedes rasa a kashe 670 mutane, da Rasha - 7000. 700 sojoji zauna a cikin zaman talala, saba wa sharuddan sallama.

darajar

A Rasha ya juya zuwa ga Narva kunya? A tarihi muhimmancin wannan taron ya kasance na tsawon lokaci sakamakon. A farko buga Rasha ta suna. Ta sojojin daina za a dauka tsanani a Turai. A kan Bitrus ya fito fili ya yi izgili, kuma domin da daraja Carl jarumi kwamandan.

Duk da haka, lokaci ya nuna cewa shi ne mai Pyrrhic nasara ga Swedes. Carl yanke shawarar cewa Rasha ba m, da kuma fara yaki tare da kasashen Poland da Denmark. Bitrus ya yi amfani da jinkiri ba. Ya dauki sama da soja garambawul a jihar, sauya sojoji da kuma sa a cikin shi mai girma adadin albarkatun.

Wannan ya haifa 'ya'yan. A cikin'yan shẽkaru, duniya koya daga Rasha nasarori a cikin Baltic Sea. Babban yaƙi ya faru a kusa da Poltava a 1709. A Swedes suka ci da kuma Charles gudu. Ya zama a sarari cewa ga dukkan Rasha, Oddly isa, ya amfani Narva kunya. Grengamskoe yaƙi tabbatacce hana Sweden gindin matsayi na da rinjaye iko a cikin Baltic Sea. wata yarjejeniya da aka kulla a 1721, a karkashin abin da Rasha samu mai yawa ƙasar da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa a yankin. Ga shi aka kafa St. Petersburg - sabon babban birnin kasar. The Battle of Poltava, Narva kunya Grengamskoe yaƙi - duk wadannan abubuwan sun zama wata alama ce mai haske da kuma kalubalantar Petrine zamanin.