Asceticism: abin da yake da shi? Ka'idojin asceticism

Ya dalili a cikin dukan addinai da kuma falsafa koyaswar ne ba iri daya ba. Saboda haka, a cikin dualistic koyarwar cewa la'akari da materiality na jiki a matsayin "kurkuku na rai", austerity yi a matsayin hanyar shawo kan jiki, daga ta 'yantar (musamman a wata syncretic addini rukunan kamar yadda Manichaeism), yayin da Cynics ya ayyana da ra'ayin' yanci daga jama'a dangantakar bukatun.

Saboda haka, da labarin za a yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin asceticism (cewa shi ne, da ra'ayoyin, ka'idojin). M da ta ke game da falsafa bangaren.

Asceticism: abin da yake da shi?

Daga cikin Greek aka fassara a matsayin "motsa jiki". Wannan halin kirki manufa, wanda ke bukatar mutane su kai musu, danniya da wani mai son sha'awa son zũciyõyinsu, ba da up jin dadin duniya, amfanin cimma wasu zamantakewa manufofin da kuma halin kirki kai-kammala.

Saboda haka, za mu koya game da asceticism (abin), yanzu na bukatar je wa labaru. Yana da amfani san yadda wannan ra'ayi da aka gani a tsakiyar zamanai.

Tarihi da ra'ayi

A pre-akidar Karl Marx da'a koyarwar asceticism sau da yawa contrasted tare da Epicureanism da hedonism. Its tushen koma zuwa m al'umma: da kayan yanayin rayuwa ta bukata a mutum na high jiki jimiri, ikon jure sosai matsananci wahala. Wannan haƙiƙa aka nuna a cikin bukatar musamman ibada.

Alal misali, tare da taimakon qaddamarwa yanka yi bikin keɓe duk matasa a cikin maza. Wannan yanka kunshi dogon azumi, kadaici, jerawa da hakora da kuma sauran abubuwa, da aka yi nufi ga wahayi zuwa gare su matasa tunani game da bukatar canja wurin da wahala da kuma wata naƙasa.

Ka'idojin asceticism cikin aji jama'a ya samu shugabanci na wani daban-daban irin. A farko ƙoƙari na ta msar tambayar kafuwar za a iya gano a zamanin d addinai, ko kuma wajen, a cikin addini koyarwar Pythagoras da kuma daga baya a cikin Kristanci. Ascetic tuba da aka gani a matsayin hanya ga mafi girma kyawun dabi'ar: rinjãyarsu mutum abu manufa, ci gaban ruhaniya ( "taro tare da Allah," "mortification jiki"). The real zamantakewa muhimmancin wannan manufa da aka yada ra'ayin da bukatar wani cikakken renunciation na wani so ga amfanin, wanda ake tunawa da hukuncin azuzuwan. Yana inganta ra'ayin austerity, wanda ya yi wani akida kayan aiki don tabbatar da aji tsarin, da kafa da tushe. Alal misali, Cibiyar zaman zuhudu hada da austerity malaman (ƙin ɗaure aure matsayi, kai-lalatawa), halattar Halo kafa a kusa da su da kuma ciyar da ra'ayin abstinence ma'aikata talakawa.

Addini asceticism An soki da ideologists na neman sauyi bourgeoisie (Humanism). Amma gyaran mutum bukatun cikin tsarin na bourgeois akidar ne kai-da sabanin. Bayan da hakkokin yan-adam da jin dadi, da sai bourgeois al'umma bai samar da real dama ga wannan, saboda da talauci, zamantakewa rashin daidaito, da sauransu.

Don la'akari da ra'ayi daga ra'ayi na falsafa

Asceticism a falsafar - wannan sakaci da son sha'awa duniya, impairing ta musu saboda nan gaba, cikin ruhaniya duniya. A wani sauki form, ya nuna iyakance danniya na so da kuma son rai da shan wuya, zafi, iyaka.

Idan mun yi la'akari da mafi m lokuta, akwai riga asceticism bukatar bar dukiya, iyali, da dai sauransu, domin tabbatar da babban fifiko na ruhaniya a kan boko abu, cikakken duniya na ainihi.

More broadly, shi yana da yawan ontological dalili, tun da shi ne bisa ga data kasance hakikar a cikin akida da ra'ayi na duniya tare da gaisuwa ga tsarin da sassa, da dangantaka. Daukaka quite manufa duniya, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin jigon wannan ra'ayi, wanda yakan haifar da wani musamman manyan sikelin-yabo daga cikin manyan dabi'u na wannan duniya a zahiri data kasance.

Asceticism: collectivist al'umma da kuma al'umma

Ya abubuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin su main halaye. A cikin farko idan, wannan na da jama'a, a gurguzu, da sauransu, yayin da na biyu - a coci, a totalitarian jam'iyyar siyasa ko addini darikar, sojoji, da sauran.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na collectivist al'ummu asceticism aka gani a matsayin na farko daga cikin muhimman kayan aikin da samar da wani miƙa mulki daga cikin zamantakewa domin mafi al'umma, za mu iya ce, "Aljanna a sama" ko "Aljanna a Duniya".

aka gyara na austerity

Ya na da wani abu, kuma a ruhaniya gefe. A cikin farko idan, sai ya bayyana rashin amincewa ko musu dukiya, iyali, ko a kalla mai kaifi depreciation na zamantakewa rawa, kazalika da rabo daga mutum bukatun kan wucin gadi da na halitta da belittling farko.

Ruhaniya asceticism hada da kin amincewa da mafi na ruhaniya da kuma ilimi bukatun ko daukakar ruhaniya talauci, kazalika da iyakance hannu a cikin ruhaniya ilimi rai na lokaci, da kuma kin amincewa da su} ungiyoyin da kuma hakkokin siyasa. A iyaka tsakanin na farko da na biyu bangaren zumunta.

The na da asceticism

Ya nufi da hadayar duk duniya abubuwa saboda da hakan sama, kamewa daga data kasance manifestations na rayuwarsa a duniya, kazalika da rage ƙasa hari, damuwa, wani m, rage muhimmancin nama ɗan adam a kowa da kowa ta rayuwa, hani a cikin nuni da rayuwarsa a duniya, a duk da bambancin, da arziki a cikin art.

A cewar Augustine, da janye zuwa da jin daxi na abinci, da ruwan inabi, wari, sauti, da launuka, siffofi, matukar hatsari, amma ba a general, amma kawai idan sun kawo karshen a kanta, wani m tushen jin dadin duniya. Nuna cewa mutum halitta nasa hannun, ko da yaushe kyau, amma kawai a yanzu kamar yadda yana da wadannan ƙarshe da Ubangijin manufa kyakkyawa. An yi imani da cewa banza wani ilmi game da fitina ita ce mafi hatsari fiye ko fleshly muguwar sha'awa. Yana da sha'awar ga nazarin duniya daukarsa a matsayin "muguwar sha'awa da idanu" na son sani, zari, da cewa "canza tufafin" a cikin tufafi na ilimi da kuma kimiyya. Ana iya amince ne kawai idan wannan bauta addini dalilai, a hade tare da bangaskiya.

A peculiarity na Rasha asceticism

A zamanin d Rasha, ya kasance wani ɓangare na biyu wadanda mutane taƙawa, kuma addini da kuma ascetic rai (tsarki, dattawa, zaman zuhudu, wauta). Rasha asceticism halin da asali, wanda aka bayyana a cikin rashi na kaifi saba jiki da kuma ruhaniya, wadanda mutane da kuma addini, abu zuwa janye daga duniya, hutu tare da su.

A cewar V. V. Zenkovskogo, ya tafi ba don wani raini jiki, da kin amincewa da duniya da kuma zuwa ga haske wahayi na qasashen samaniya gaskiya, kyakkyawa, wanda, tare da annurin Yake bayyana gaskiya da cewa Marinjãyi a duniya, ta haka ne kiran mu zuwa cikakken kwata 'yanci daga rãyuwar bauta. Tushensa shi ne mai kyau abu, ba wani mummunan, wato, austerity - yana nufin hanya zuwa tsarkakewa, sāke kamanninsa na duniya.

Its manufa da yake a cikin akai na zamanin d wauta, ayyukan tsarki. Wanzu a lokacin da image na saint, a wasu kalmomin, "mutumin Allah", shi ne na musamman tare da girmamawa ga Western Kiristanci, kuma Byzantine ruhaniya hadisin. A peculiarity na Rasha da irin da yake a cikin zurfafa na duk halin kirki manufa, kazalika da tonawa mu halin kirki ji Kristanci, a nan da nan, aiwatar da Kirista da kyakkyawar dabi'a kuma, ba shakka, a cikin kwayoyin hadin kai na ruhaniya kallo tare da sabis mutane da kuma duniya. A karshen da aka yi ta hanyar sadaukarwa soyayya. A mafi ma'ana yana dauke da wani feat sadakarwa. Domin mu irin tsarki ne ba halayyar wani m ko jaruntakar asceticism na Syria, Masar Hadisin Kirista ko daukaka Sufi na Katolika, Greek tsarki. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na mu Kirista Rasha saint ko da yaushe ta nuna kanta ta hanyar aiki soyayya ga duniya, mai laushi ƙanƙan da kai, da tausayi.

ƙarshe

A labarin da aka fada, cewa shi ne asceticism: cewa shi ne daga ra'ayi na falsafa, Usul da ideas.