Plato ta tattaunawa "Biki": a takaice. "Biki" Plato: analysis

A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da tattaunawa "Biki", zai gabatar wa summary. "Pir" Plato nufin da Genre symposion (prandial tattaunawa). A farkon wannan salo a cikin adabi na zamanin d Girka dogon kafin haihuwar da Falsafa. A lokacin da Trojan War, misali, Homer ta heroes cin abinci, abin sha, kuma suna "juna hira", kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin "Iliad." Kuma a cikin "Odyssey" tafiya na protagonist ayyuka suna wakilta tare da taimakon kansa labarin game da su a ranar idin Alcinous, Sarkin Phaeacians. Description of idin sanya ta Xenophanes - mawãƙi da kuma Falsafa - a cikin elegy, shi ma wani littafi.

Ma'anar sunan da maganganu

Guests bayan wani nauyi ci abinci, ya juya zuwa laifi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kalmar nan "Taron," da ake amfani da su koma ga kalmar "Idi", fassara a matsayin "raba abin sha." A Girkanci, da sunan Plato ta "Taro" kuma sauti kamar "Taron". Tattaunawa Helenawa masana ga wani kofin giya ne sau da yawa kira ga ado, mai da'a da kuma falsafa batutuwa. A eponymous "Biki", a falsafa tattaunawa, kuma Ya halitta Xenophon, sanannen zamani Plato da abokinsa.

Babban taken da ra'ayin

Abin da marubucin ne da tunani? A takaice bincika samfurin kafin mika masa summary. "Babba Biki" na Plato - tattaunawa, babban jigo na wanda - da tattaunawa da soyayya da kuma albarka. A cewar wasu shaida, a zamanin da shi ne da subtitle "The jawabai na soyayya", "A cikin Good" da sauransu. Ba za mu iya ce daidai lokacin da wannan yanki da aka rubuta. An yi imani da cewa su ne mafi kamanta ga Dating - 379 BC. e.

Platonic falsafa dogon kafin kafa na tattaunawa da ya sa a gaba rukunan ideas. Plato ya kyawawan sauki bayyana abin da yake ainihin abin duniya. Yana da yafi wuya a kirkiro da ra'ayin mutum rai. A littafin "Biki" (Plato), a takaice abin da za mu yi sha'awa, kawai sadaukar da bayyanãwa wannan batun. A Falsafa yi imanin cewa, ra'ayin da mutum rai - a cikin madawwami nema ga alheri da kuma kyakkyawa, mai soyayya kõma zuwa gare su. Kammala bincike na Plato ta tattaunawa "Biki", za mu lura cewa shi kunshi wani taƙaitaccen gabatarwa da kuma ƙarshe, kazalika da jawabai daga cikin bakwai mambobi biki, da taimakon wanda ya bayyana babban ra'ayin.

shigarwa

Plato, a cikin gabatarwar zuwa ga tattaunawa Apollodorus bayyana game da gamuwa da Glaucon. Last Apollodorus tambayi don magana game da idi, wanda aka ba game da shekaru 15 da suka wuce a cikin gidan na mawãƙi Agathon. A wannan liyafa a can ya yi magana game da soyayya. Apollodorus ya ce ya aka ba da hannu a cikin ta, amma zai iya wuce da hirar da ya faru a can, tare da kalmomi na Aristodemus, daya daga cikin mahalarta taron.

Next Apollodorus gaya yadda Aristodemus bazata sadu da Socrates a kan titi. A Falsafa tafi abincin dare a Agathon da kuma yanke shawarar kira shi tare. Pausanias, daya daga cikin wadanda ba a lokacin idi, bayan da farkon gayyace mahalarta ya yi magana a cikin girmamawa gunkin soyayya Eros.

shi Phaedra

A jawabin nasa, Phaedrus ce cewa Eros, bisa ga tabbacin Parmenides da Hesiod - mafi tsufa na alloli. Ya ba ko da suna da iyaye. Bari mu Eros ƙarfi ne ba m da wani. The lover ba zai bar batun so zuwa da rabo, mai fi so daraja, cewa, ya yi nasiha ga m.

shi Pausanias

Ya kusantar da hankali ga cewa shi ne ba ko da yaushe a soyayya janye ne daukaka. Yana iya zama sordid. Pausanias ya ce akwai biyu Eros, a matsayin aljanna Aphrodite, wanda da yawa gane uwarsa da biyu. Celestial Aphrodite - da Babbansu su, shi ne 'yar Uranus. A ƙaramin (Aphrodite al'amarin) - 'yar Zeus da Dione. Kamar haka, akwai biyu Eros - maras ɗa'a, kuma sama - wanda su ne sosai daban-daban daga juna.

Manzon Allah Sallallahu samaniya soyayya - da ji wani mutum wanda mafi wayo da kuma mafi kyau mata. Irin wannan soyayya ba za a iya kira frivolous muguwar sha'awa. Shi ne mai daraja da ya cancanci ji. A daya wanda rufe da shi, duk abin da aka jiyar da, amma kawai a cikin zuciyarmu, da kuma rai, saboda kamalar da hikima, kuma ba saboda na jiki. Irin wannan mutum ya aikata wani sadaukarwa ayyukansu.

shi Eriksimaha

Next daya funny episode bayyana Plato ( "Biki"). Brief abun ciki na wadannan. Juya yi magana bayan Pausanias ya je Aristophanes, sanannen barkwanci. Duk da haka, ya bugu sosai, kuma bai jimre da hiccups. Kalma da aka wuce Eriksimahu likita.

A jawabin nasa, ya ce cewa ba kawai a cikin mutum zaune Eros. Shi ne kuma a cikin dukkan yanayi. Gaskiyar cewa akwai biyu Eros, ko da zama dole, domin jigon rayuwa ne don kula da gabar jituwa a. A wannan za a iya ce game da magani. A ta aiki da likita ne ya samar da wani ma'auni na da lafiya da kuma rashin lafiya ya fara. A wannan za a iya ce game da music, kuma ta jituwa da kari kuma sauti. Haka ya shafi yanayin. Daban-daban na halitta dakarun (zafi da rashin ruwa, sanyi da zafi) kawai yin m shekara, a lokacin da suka "ci" (a cikin aikin soyayya) juna "jitu" da "judiciously." Ko duba, suka yi hadaya - abubuwa jitu ƙungiyar na alloli da mutane.

shi Aristophanes

A halin yanzu shaƙuwa Aristophanes wuce, kuma ya rika bene. Ya kara bayyana jawabin Plato ( "Biki"). Takaitacciyar maganar comedy zo zuwa rubutu da su zuwa ga labari cewa mutanen da suka zaune a cikin ƙasa a zamanin da, sun androgynous - maza da mata. Suna da 4 hannunwansa da ƙafafunsa, 2 da mutum, wanda ya duba a gaban kwatance, 2 nau'i-nau'i daga kunnuwa, da sauransu. D. lokacin da wani mutum cikin sauri, ya koma, mirgina dabaran a kan 8 gabar jiki.

Tun androgynous cikinsa na da karfi da kuma tuhumce ya zãlunci; Zeus, wanda ya umarci Apollo zuwa yanka a cikin 2 halves kowane daga cikinsu. Mata da maza rabin aka watsar a ƙasa. Duk da haka, da memory na baya sadarwar ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa so mutane su duba juna domin mayar da tsohon cikar abu.

Aristophanes ƙarasa da cewa, Eros - sha'awar halves da juna, domin mayar da asali yanayi da su kirki. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai zai yiwu idan sun ji tsoron gumaka, kamar yadda idan alloli ne iya yanke muguntar mutane a cikin ko karami guda.

Mu ci gaba da Agathon ta magana, kuma su gabatar da ta summary. "Biki" na Plato - tattaunawa da yake faruwa a cikin gida da wannan musamman mutum.

shi Agathon

Jawabin a wata liyafa bayan Aristophanes riqe da mawãƙi Agathon, da maigidan. Tare da poetic tsanani ga ambato ya yabi Eros wadannan Properties: sassauci na jiki, taushi, har abada matasa. A cewar Agathon, gunkin soyayya ba jure kowane musgunawan da su so. Feeling rudeness a kowa ta hankali, ya bar ta har abada. Eros bada ƙarfin hali, Prudence, da adalci, da hikima, mutumin. Agathon yi imanin cewa soyayya - mafi cancanta daga cikin shugabannin. Wannan kamata dukan mutane su bi shi.

shi Socrates

A littafin "Biki" (Plato), watakila mafi ban sha'awa shi ne jawabin na Socrates. Kalmomi magana da Agathon, tsokani karfi dauki cikin masu sauraro. Socrates kuma ya yabi ta, duk da haka, saboda haka cewa jawabin nasa da aka kama da kuma kange musu mawãƙi ne. Hadishi Abin mamaki gani cewa eulogy - da ingancin danganta ta magana kome wata babbar lamba na kyau kwarai halaye, ba a tunanin game da gaskiyar cewa ko da abu su ko ba. Hadishi ya ce ya yi niyyar yin magana kome sai dai gaskiya game da Eros.

Socrates, a cikin jawabin da makõma maieutics - da harshen hanya, falala a kansu daga gare su. Marubucin ya bayyana yadda, a tattaunawa tare da Agathon da kuma yin tambayoyi wa basira juna, Falsafa hankali tilasta interlocutor to ku bar abin da ya kawai ya ce.

Socrates ya ce soyayya - da kwaɗayin yi. Sabõda mutum zuwa wani abu. Duk da haka nema zai yiwu ne kawai idan ka fuskanci wannan bukatar. Wajibi ne ga abin da yake ba a kanka. Tun Eros - da soyayya da mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawa, sa'an nan ya bi ta, cewa, ya hana mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawa. Wannan, duk da haka, ba ya nufin cewa wannan abin bautãwa ne mummuna da kuma fushi, saboda ya inescapably muhimmi janye zuwa mai kyau. Ã'a, Eros ne wani wuri tsakanin wadannan biyu da tsakaitãwa. Ya ba shi da cikar rayuwa, don haka shi o ƙarin tabbatar da shi. Kuma idan ba ya mallaka, wannan cikawa, ba za a iya kira da Allah. Kamar wancan ne baiwa na soyayya - yana da wani wuri tsakanin mutum da kuma m kasancewarsa. Zama tsakanin alloli da mutane, Eros ta ɗaure su da Allah a wajen ɗabi'arsa na bil'adama.

Socrates kara ya gaya wa labari game da yadda wannan Allah da aka ɗauki cikinsa. Wannan ya faru a ranar haihuwar jam'iyyar a cikin lambu na Zeus Aphrodite. A ganewa halarci bautãwa Poros (dũkiya), fadowa barci a kan intoxicating Nectar. da kuma wani matalauci Singing (talauci). Eros, aka haife daga wannan connection, matalauci, m da mummuna, kamar uwa. Duk da haka, ya burin cikar, Ya cika da kyau, godiya ga Properties na mahaifinsa. Eros aka aikata duk wani nau'i na da halayen kirki, ba kawai ga kyakkyawa, amma kuma ga heroism da kuma ƙarfin hali. Ya nemi hikima, saboda haka ya keɓe ransa to falsafa, zama a tsakiyar tsakanin jahilci da kuma hikima. Bayan duk, idan Eros ya iya koyi da jigon rayuwa, zai fara mallakar shi, kuma ta haka ne daina yi jihãdi ga shi, bisa ga Socrates.

Batsa matsayi bayyana su ci gaba Plato "Pir" tattaunawa. Falsafar Socrates game da soyayya tasowa a cikin dukan tsarin. Yana siffofi da wani buɗi na wannan ji kara da m halaye. Fadowa cikin soyayya kawai a cikin jiki, muka sami wasu lokaci da ra'ayin kyakkyawa, wanda ya kawo tare duk da kyau jiki a cikin guda enticing hali. Duk da haka, ta hanyar shi daya hankali fara son fiye da rai, ba jiki. Saboda haka akwai siffar wani kyakkyawan rai. Dalili (mafi girma ɓangare na mu kasancewarsa) a bayan ɗan lõkaci saboda wannan dirka daukan da kishin kimiyya da kuma hikima. Daga cikin mutum kimiyyar mutum sa'an nan motsa a kan ra'ayin da Beautiful, wanda shi ne iyaka daga son zuciyarsa na dukan mutane.

shi Alcibiades

Muna ci gaba da bayyana Plato ta "Biki" tattaunawa, a takaice abin da aka bai wa a cikin mujalla. Bugu da ari, marubucin tattaunawa game da yadda wannan liyafa Alcibiades bursts. Ya ke sha, da shi ne kewaye da taron na revelers. Guests a lokacin idi kusan ba zai yiwu a bayyana jigon Alcibiades tattaunawa. Ya aka kira su zuwa ga bayyana ta ra'ayi a kan Eros. Duk da haka, karanta abinda ke ciki na baya magana ta magana, ya gaba ɗaya amince da shi. A cikin kalmomin da bai yi na'am da kara raya taken soyayya a Plato ta "Biki" aiki. Tun da ya yi kome don ƙara game da Eros, Alcibiades yanke shawarar da ya yi wani jawabin a cikin girmamawa ga mai girma Falsafa Socrates.

Ya kwantanta da Falsafa dubi tare da karfi (sahabbai Dionysus) da kuma daga Mars, mummuna satyr. Duk da haka, Alcibiades ce, lokacin da ya saurara zuwa Socrates, zuciyarsa beats karfi, amma saboda idanunsa zubar hawaye. Haka ke da yawa wasu mutane. Socrates sa jawabansa rayuwa wani sabon rai da kuma kauce wa rashin cancanta ayyukan. Allahntaka kalmomi na falsafa iya samun amsoshin duk tambayoyin tambayi waɗanda suke sũ okin ya cimma mafi tsada.

M da kuma hali na Socrates. Alcibiades halarci tare da shi a cikin wani soja yaƙin neman zaɓe, da kuma aka buga da heroism na Falsafa da manyan jiki jimiri. Socrates a mataki ajiye ransa, sa'an nan kuma tsare ki da lambar yabo ga shi. Wannan mutum ba ya so sauran mutane, duka biyu tsoho da kuma na zamani.

Plato, kwaci a cikin aikinsa shi Alcibiades, take kaiwa mu yi imani da cewa shi ne a Socrates embodies da fasali na "rashin gida", "ba booted", "m", "mummuna", "matalauta", amma rabuwa daga cikin bin "m "da" kyakkyawan "baiwa. A wannan karshen falsafar shaida a Plato ta tattaunawa "Biki", a takaice dai retelling na bincike da kuma wani bayyani wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin. Ya zauna kawai don bayyana ƙarewa na aiki.

ƙarshe

Bayan jawabin Alkivida buga wani karamin girma na ƙarshe, wanda terminates Plato "Pir" tattaunawa. Takaitacciyar shi ne na kadan sha'awa cikin sharuddan na falsafa. Yana gaya yadda da baƙi idi hankali diverge. Wannan ƙarasa mu summary da aka bayyana. "Babba Biki" na Plato - wani aiki wanda a yau ake juya yawa masana falsafa.