SamuwarLabarin

Mene ne Semiboyarshina? Semiboyarshina a cikin Lokaci da matsaloli

A cikin tarihi na Rasha a lokacin 1610-1612 biennium. Ya shiga a matsayin Semiboyarshina - a zamanin mulkin bakwai wakilan da Boyar Duma, kafa wata gwamnatin wucin gadi, da manufar wanda ya shirya zaben sabon sarki a cikin dakin na hambararren Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Duk da haka, musamman lokacin matsaloli, da wanda abubuwan da suka faru fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa, sun bukaci nan da nan mataki.

A kasar ne a Jihar tsanani rikicin

Siyasa da tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a Rasha a farkon 1610 ya wuya sosai. Musamman unfavorable domin ta gudana yaki da Poland, a Bugu da kari, kusa karkata daga Moscow, rundunar wani ƙãƙalen faɗarsa ga da'awar da rawar da magaji a kan karaga - arya Dmitry II. A cikin labarin, sai ya tafi da laƙabi Tushino barawo - a wuri na sansaninsu a wani kauye kusa da birnin Moscow Tushino.

A halin da ake ciki da aka dada tabarbare sakamakon dogon kafin da ta share a fadin Rasha, da tawaye karkashin jagorancin Ivan Bolotnikov da kuma kai hari nagayskih da Crimean Tatars. Duk wannan ya kai ga matsananci talauci na mutane da makawa a irin haka tashin hankali. Wani kashi na sarki da sojoji a yakin da sandunan da aka} ashin ga rundunar tashin da kuma hambararren Tsar Vasiliya Shuyskogo.

ilimi Semiboyarshina

Gaba gaba ga zaben sabon autocrat, da kuma shirya domin wannan muhimmin aiki a cikin rai na jihar, kazalika da gudanar da mulki a kasar, a mika mulki lokaci ya kafa wani wucin gwamnati, da suka hada da bakwai daga cikin mafi kyau-haife, kuma m mambobi ne na Boyar Duma. Daga cikinsu akwai sarakuna FI Mstislavsky, IM Vorotynsky, AV Trubetskoy, A. V. Golitsyn da boyars BM Lykov-Obolensky, I. Romanov da FI Sheremetev .

Saboda haka, a cikin farkawa daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland baki da kuma m matsaloli, kafa Semiboyarshina. A zamanin da dalĩli, karkashin jagorancin Prince Fodorom Mihaylovichem Mstislavskim wuni a hawan Yesu zuwa sama a kan karaga, sarki na farko na House of Romanov - Mikhail Fedorovich, da kuma karshen lokacin matsaloli. Amma wannan da aka riga da mai tsawo da kuma rikitarwa lokaci.

Iyakance ikon da boyars

Don gane da abin da yake Semiboyarshina da kuma yadda wide sun ta iko, ya kamata ya yi la'akari da yanayin rinjaye a lokacin kusa da Moscow. Daga shirin gaskiya kafofin cewa yamma da shi a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga ƙofofin birnin sun Dogayen sanda, jagorancin Hetman Zhelkovskim, kuma a kudu maso gabashin, a Kolomna, zauna sojojin arya Dmitry, ta ƙara acceded ga Lithuanian tawagar Sapieha. Saboda haka, ga dukan lokaci Semiboyarshina ikonta bai mika bayan da babban birnin kasar.

Tilasta da mãkirci a cikin Dogayen sanda

Tambayar da abin da Semiboyarshina a cikin tarihi na Rasha, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba tsokane muhawara. Yawanci, mambobi na hukumar gwamnati sanya rawar da cin amanar al'umma, da kuma aya a nan shi ne wannan. Kaina, su main barazana ba Dogayen sanda, wanda shi yiwuwa a cimma yarjejeniya idan kuka so, kuma dakarun na ƙãƙalen faɗarsa, da tsakanin da na kowa mutane a Moscow da yawa magoya bayan. A hali na lashe barawo Tushino boyars dã ba su rushe kawunansu.

Wannan ya sa su su yi shawarwari tare da hetman Zhelkovskim da kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a karkashin abin da Rasha Tsar ya zama Vladislav Vasa - dan da Polish King Sigismund III. Goyan bayan mayaudarin Lithuania jagorancin Sapieha kuma amince da su yi rantsuwa amincewa da Polish sarki, saboda haka, na ƙarya Dmitry II aka hana a real damar kama iko a Moscow.

Aka yi garkuwa da nasu yanke shawara

Duk da haka, domin a manyan sirri tsaro, da boyars dare 21 ga watan Satumba, 1610 Kremlin asirce bũɗe kõfõfin da kuma bari da invaders a cikin babban birnin kasar. Daga wannan lokacin dukan jigon da majalisa na bakwai da aka rage wa cika da rawar da Ƙasa a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland sarki, suka ciyar faranta da siyasa layi ta hanyar da ya protege - da Kwamandan Moscow Aleksandra Gonsevskogo. Manyansu da aka hana real ikon da ya zama da gaske da aka yi garkuwa. Sai ya zama a wannan rawa sanya su zullumi ganin amsar wannan tambaya: "Abin da yake Semiboyarshina?"

Ko da yake yarjejeniyar infringes a kan kasa da bukatun na Rasha mutane, kuma ya m ga shi, akwai ba wata tambaya da Rasha ta Accession ga Commonwealth, amma ya ba da doka da adana Orthodoxy a cikin dukan yankin ƙasarsu. Kansa Korolevich Vladislav, aka, bisa ga kwangila, aka zamar masa dole ya fita daga cikin Katolika bangaskiya zuwa Orthodoxy.

Arbitrariness, ya sa kasar zãlunci;

Bayan duk real ikon shige daga hannun wata gwamnatin wucin gadi zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland Gwamnan, ya samu daraja da boyar, ya zama ba dama ta karbi bakuncin a kasar. Bisa ga Vladislav ya zaba cikin ƙasa, kuma kadarori a cikin Rasha, wanda ya kasance da aminci ga m wajibi, kuma ya tafi da Dogayen sanda dokoki ta nan da nan yanayi. Wannan ya sa da kalaman na takaici a kasar. An yi imani da cewa a wannan lokaci na hali da Dogayen sanda canza da kuma Semiboyarshina.

A Lokaci na matsaloli musamman al'amari daga cikin mutane jin dadin kai na Rasha Orthodox Church sarki Germogen. A gaskiya Bakan'ane na mahaifarsa, ya, tare da goyon bayan da boyars, ya aiko daga haruffa a duk faɗin Rasha, wanda ya kira ga halittar mayakan sa da kuma fashi da gwagwarmaya da mamaye. Duk da cewa a kan umarni na Yaren mutanen Poland gwamnan, yana kurkuku a cikin kurkuku na Chudov sufi, inda ya mutu daga yunwa, ya sakon ya zama} ashin a sakamakon wanda akwai shelves na Minin da Pozharsky karkashin ganuwar Moscow.

Karshen lokacin Semiboyarshina

The m 1613 zaben zuwa kursiyin sarki Mikhail Fedorovich, ya ƙarshen lokaci da aka sani a cikin tarihi na Rasha a matsayin Semiboyarshina. A zamanin mulkin bakwai wakilan da mafi tsada daga Moscow gaskiya dauke su daya daga cikin mafi wuya ga dukan lokaci na Lokaci na matsaloli. Bayan kammala kasar ta shiga wani sabon tarihi zamanin.

Magana ne game da asalin na lokaci, shi ne daraja ambata gwada marigayi bayyanar da kalmar Semiboyarshina. A lokacin matsaloli, da kuma na gaba da karni biyu, membobin gwamnatin tsarin cinye "sedmochislennymi boyars." Kamar yadda amfani a yau a karo na farko samu magana ne kawai a 1813 a cikin labari AA Bestuzhev-Marly.

A Rasha tarihi kafin akwai lokaci a lokacin da in babu sarki ikon da aka mayar da hankali a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin boyars 'kamasho. Wannan ya faru, yafi a lokacin da Sarkin sarakuna suka tafi yaki ko wani dogon aikin hajji. Yana to, ya zama al'ada don ƙirƙirar wadannan wucin gadi gwamnatin gawawwakin mutane bakwai. Ya rubuta game da wannan a cikin daki-daki, a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Rasha tarihi na XVII karni, da magatakarda jakadun domin G. K. Kotoshihin.

Ƙoƙarin sake tunani da events na baya

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da tambaya na abin da Semiboyarshina da kuma abin da yake da rawar a Rasha tarihi, shi ne da ɗan daban-daban haske. Sai dai in baro-baro a cikin Soviet lokacin da wannan wucin gadi dalĩli a matsayin wani cin amana, a cikin post-perestroika lokaci akwai wallafe a cikinsa sun haɗu da Dogayen sanda a matsayin kawai m diplomasiyya tafi da nufin ceton kasar daga jini hargitsi, da makawa a yanayin saukan nasarar arya Dmitry II.

Yau, kasancewa daga cikin akida stereotypes, masu bincike suna da damar da za su bayar da wani karin haƙiƙa kima na tarihi da hakikar da na baya ƙarni, a tsakanin wanda ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri Semiboyarshina. Shekaru raba mu daga wannan zamanin ba a ma share daga kasa memory korau al'amurran da ayyukan, amma su ma yarda da su ba su da wani zurfi fahimtar.

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