Savings Bank - wani kasuwanci ko mallakar gwamnati banki?

OJSC "Sberbank" - shi ne mafi girma kudi ma'aikata ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma da CIS. Yana yana da babban cibiyar sadarwa na rassan. Babban aiki na kafa - shi ne dãɗin mai fadi da kewayon zuba jari da kuma sabis na bankin. Babban m da kuma kafa na kudi ma'aikata ne Central Bank of Rasha Federation. Yana rike da fiye da rabin na rabo babban birnin kasar da kuma zaben raba. Game da 40% na hannun jarin mallakar kamfanonin ketare. A matsayin shugaban ma'aikata, da kuma Shugaban Hukumar Jamus Gref nasa.

A kadan tarihi

Jamhuriyar "Sberbank" ta fara tarihi a 1841. Sai a wannan lokaci da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas 1 bayar da umarni a kan samuwar tanadi bankuna. A farko tsabar kudi littãfi da aka bude riga a 1842 a St. Petersburg. A shekarar 1987, shi aiki a matsayin wani dalilin da samuwar banki tanadi da rance na yawan jama'ar, ciki har da doka mutane. A tsarin da kudi ma'aikata sun 15 bankuna a kasa hali. Wannan lokaci da aka wuya a ce shakka, "Sberbank" - kasuwanci ko jama'a kudi ma'aikata. Tun da rani na shekara ta 1990, ta domin na Majalisar Koli na Rasha, "National Bank" ya hukumance gane matsayin da dukiya na Rasha Federation. By karshen shekarar 1990, da kudi ma'aikata aka canza a cikin CRA. A shekarar 1991, ya yiwu a fili amsa tambaya na "Savings Bank" - a kasuwanci ko mallakar gwamnati banki. Bayan da ma'aikata ya zama dũkiyar Central Bank, shi ya karbi aikin hukuma matsayi na hadin gwiwa-stock kasuwanci banki.

Moments na rikicin da jihar taimakon

The default lokaci a shekara ta 1998. A kudi ma'aikata copes tare da matsaloli, ba kawai ta kara kudade domin ayyuka, amma kuma ta hanyar da goyon bayan da jihar. "Sberbank" ga mafi part ne dukiya na Central Bank of Rasha, wanda ya bayyana da gwamnatin ta sha'awa a cikin aiki na ma'aikata. A irin wannan makirci ya taimaka samun tallafawa juna kudi cibiyoyin da kuma daga cikin 2008 rikicin shekara. Saboda haka, a cikin 2010, Bankin ya gaba daya birkice Hukumar alaka jinginar gidaje, tare da mabukaci rance da kuma mota bashin. Mutane yaba kan mutum rates. Wannan halin da ake ciki yana sa matsaloli idan akai la'akari da tambaya kamar su "Sberbank" - kasuwanci ko mallakar gwamnati banki, a matsayin ma'aikata yayi post-rikicin lokaci, da yawa amfani shirye-shirye.

Bankin waje Rasha

A shekarar 2012, cikin girma banki a Rasha sun riga sun karɓi muƙamin da shugaban a cikin bayar da katunan bashi. A girma daga rance da lokaci ya fiye biliyan 150 rubles. A layi daya da aka za'ayi sayar da 7.6% gungumen azaba da daraja fiye da biliyan 5 rubles. A amsar wannan tambaya: "Savings Bank" - a kasuwanci ko mallakar gwamnati banki "ta'allaka ne a tsarin. A kudi ma'aikata yana da uku rassa a cikin CIS. kudi ma'aikata reshe na nasarar aiki a Ukraine, Kazakhstan da Belarus. Misali akwai kuma a Turai. Wannan «Sberbank Turai AG» tare da ofisoshin a Austria, «DenizBank» ke da hedikwata a Turkiyya, kuma «Sberbank Switzerland AG» tare da hukuma misali a Jamus. kungiyar wakilci akwai a India da kuma China.

The ayyuka na banki a yau

A amsar wannan tambaya kamar su "Savings Bank" - a jihar ko sayar da banki, ne bayyananne. Commercial tsarin bautarka manyan matsayi a cikin bangare na girma na dukiya, kazalika da yawan halin yanzu asusun na kamfanoni abokan ciniki, wanda akwai a kalla miliyan. Duk da cewa mafi yawan mataki "Savings" ya kasance a cikin Central Bank, shi ya ci gaba da bunƙasa matsayin mai zaman kanta ma'aikata, shi lissafinsu a kalla 45% na masu zaman kansu adibas kasuwannin cikin gida. Ta hanyar kudi ma'aikata suna biya game da 11 da mutane miliyan, da lissafi na pensions ne da za'ayi fiye da mutane miliyan 12. A kudi ma'aikata ta kafa tsari na 19.000 ATMs da 70,000 kai-da sabis tashoshi a ko'ina cikin kasar da kuma ya bayar kan miliyan 30 cards. Yawan ma'aikata a babban ofishin na dogon lokaci wuce adadi na 240 mutane. Yankin cibiyar yanar sadarwa ya 18 dubu raka'a. Da yake rayayye tasowa aikace-aikace "Sberbank Online" da "Mobile Banking". A abokin ciniki tushe na m tsarin yana da ba kasa da miliyan 5.4 masu amfani.

TOTALS

"Savings Bank", wanda tsarin ne sosai m, yayi wani m kewayon ayyuka, jere daga daban-daban na bashi da kuma kawo karshen tare da Brokerage sabis. Daga cikin abokan ciniki na kasuwanci ma'aikata ne ba kawai mutane amma kuma kamfanoni abokan ciniki, wanda asusu domin 1/5 na aro fayil. Kadarorin na kudi cibiyoyin suna bambanta kamar haka: rance fayil bautarka 71% (73% na aro fayil - rance shi bayar a kan kamfanoni da kungiyoyi), Securities fayil maida hankali ne akan 14%, tsabar kudi a cikin asusun banki da kuma a cikin akwatin ofishin - 5%. Wajibobi da wadannan tsarin: a adibas na mutane lissafta ga 46%, ma'aunan a kan asusun na kamfanoni abokan ciniki - 23% na da kansa kudi a cikin 15% da kuma interbank rance rufe 11%.

Ikon mallakar: "Sberbank na Rasha" - a kasuwanci ko mallakar gwamnati banki?

A shirin bangare na batun kawo rigímā. Bari mu yi kokarin fahimtar da hankali, "Sberbank" jiha ko sayar da banki. Game da irin aiki da kuma tushen duk rubuta a sama, tsarin ne na musamman kasuwanci aiki. Game da irin ikon mallakar, shi ne jihar. A lokaci guda rabo babban birnin kasar, kamar yadda dũkiyar Central Bank, shi ne tarayya dukiya format. Commercial banki jera mallakar da jama'a ga tattalin arziki. A wannan yanayin da jihar ba ya zaton wani alhakin basusuka na banki da kuma banki na jihar bashi. Gaskiyar cewa kudi ma'aikata ne classified a matsayin jama'a da kamfanoni, ya ce ta kasuwanci tsarin. A daidai da rajista yawan da sha'anin, shi nasa ne da category na gauraye Rasha dukiya tare da wani yanki na tarayya dukiya.