Hannu da dantse, inda wani mutum?

Hannu da dantse - wani rabo daga cikin manya wata gabar jiki, wanda ya kunshi biyu ƙasũsuwa da, a daure da biyu gidajen abinci. Dalibai sau da yawa dame wurin da kafada da kuma hannu da dantse a cikin mutum ilmin jikin mutum. Don fahimta, la'akari da tsarin da kuma aiki da babba reshe rabo yiwuwa ga hannu da dantse.

haltta

A kan talakawan, makaranta mahada fara karatu cikin shakka daga mutum ilmin jikin mutum. Wannan ne mai matukar ban sha'awa da kuma a lokaci guda wani m sashe na ilmin halitta, wanda na bukatar high quality-shawo na ilimi. Human tiyata - da kimiyya da cewa ya wadãtu da tsarin da jiki, ta ayyuka, da kuma rayuwa a general.

Game da wuri daga cikin mutum hannu da dantse, gaya kwarangwal layout ko haltta atalas. Bayan hankali dauke da sunan, wuri, da irin da kuma manufar da kashi, yana da sauki mu fahimci tsarin da babba mutum wata gabar jiki - makamai.

kwarangwal tsokoki samar da motsi, wanda aka a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa. Ganin hannu da dantse, inda akwai da yawa daban-daban iri tsoka nama, za ka iya gane yadda hannu ne a motsi. tsoka contractions taimakawa wajen jijiyar, wanda yin sanya a hannu da dantse jijiyoyi.

Hannu da dantse: inda? mutum kwarangwal photo

Saboda haka, kadan ka'idar. A cikin tambaya na inda mutum hannu da dantse, zai taimaka amsa ilimin Halittar Jiki atalas ko kwarangwal layout. Arm kashi - daya daga cikin aka gyara daga cikin mutum babba reshe, wanda taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin motsi na hannun. Samun hankali nazari da kwarangwal na image, shi ne mai sauki ga inda da kafada da kuma hannu.

Daga cikin sunan za ka iya tsammani cewa na sama hannu ne dake kasa da kafada kashi, shi ya biyo baya shi, da kuma tare samar da tushen mutum babba reshe. Domin fahimtar ilmin jikin mutum daga cikin manya reshe, shi wajibi ne, don su bincika ƙasũsuwa da cewa yin up ta.

hannu da dantse ƙasũsuwa

Sashe na sama iyakar - hannu da dantse, inda biyu kasũsuwa, ashe, yana da wani fairly sauki tsarin. Dokoki a tubular dogon ƙasũsuwa: da ulnar da radial, kowanne daga abin na da musamman tsarin.

Me kana bukatar ka sani game da tsarin tubular dogon ƙasũsuwa:

1. Ya ƙunshi wani diaphysis, metaphysis da epiphysis. Diaphysis - talakawan elongated rabo daga kashi, wanda yana da cylindrical ko triangular siffar. Metaphysis - da rata tsakanin diaphysis da epiphysis. Epiphysis - a thickened karshen, bukata haɗi zuwa hadin gwiwa.
2. A cikin epiphysis ne articular surface an rufe articular guringuntsi.
3. Epiphyses dangane da matsayin da kashi iya zama proximal (babba) da kuma distal (m).
4. Shi ne ta hanyar da metaphyseal da guringuntsi located a kan shi, akwai wani ci gaban da dogon ƙasũsuwa a tsawon.
5. Epiphysis na cancellous kashi da diaphysis - m.

A jikin radius da ulna yana da wani triangular siffar, wanda ke nufin cewa uku saman. A gaban wani ɓangare na kashi ta gaba, baya - baya. ɓangare na uku wuri a cikin radius da ulna dabam.

A tsarin da ulna

Mun gano cewa, hannu da dantse - wannan shi ne inda akwai biyu dogon ƙasũsuwa da alaka da garesu daga cikin gidajen abinci. A ɓangare na uku da ake kira ulna tsakiya kuma da juya ciki, kazalika ta baki.

A ulna aka located a cikin matsanancin ɓangare na hannu, wanda aka kira da tsakiya matsayi. Alal misali, idan muka yi la'akari da reshe daga hagu da kuma dama tarnaƙi, hagu hannu da dantse yana dauke da ulna a kan hagu da dama - dama. A wasu kalmomin, da ulna a hannu da dantse ne wani ɓangare na kadan yatsa.

A babba epiphysis na ulna kauri daga cikin proximal epiphysis na radius da kuma shiga tare da shi a cikin yin amfani da trochlear daraja, wanda aka iyakance ta biyu appendages: coronal da ulna. A ciki gefen coronoid tsari ne radial yanke, aka yi nufi ga radial kai. A fili a hade tare da articular guringuntsi surface da kuma siffofin da wani gwiwar hannu samar da lankwashewa da tsawo na hannu da dantse.

Ƙananan epiphysis, conversely, thinner distal epiphysis na radius da ta haɗu da shi ta amfani da hadin gwiwa karkara, sa'an nan da ke shiga cikin wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa.

A tsarin da radial kashi

Idan ulna juya daga tsakiya armashi, katako wani tsakiyar ƙasa: shi ne a ciki gefen hannu, watau, distally located ... Alal misali, hagu hannu da dantse (inda ulna ne ayi a kan hagu) yana dauke da dama radial kashi. A wasu kalmomin, da radius located a gefen babban yatsa.

The uku gefe na radius aka kira a kaikaice, ya juya waje. Upper epiphysis kunshi wani shugaban da kananan m, a tsakiyar, akayi nufi don dangane da condyle na humerus. A distal ulnar epiphysis hada da yankan daga waje don dangane da shugaban na ulna.

Hada hannu da dantse

A muhimmanci rawa ta Hanyar su dangane da juna a fannin Anatomy na dogon ƙashi na daga hannu da dantse. Gidajen abinci da damar yunkuri na radius a kusa da ulna. Kashi iya matsar da a da alƙibla ciki ko waje gefe, da wuyan hannu, kuma da gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa ko da yaushe aiki tare.

Lokacin da yin wani motsi radius bayyana wani baka na 140 digiri ulna. Duk da haka, ba, albeit a qananan motsi, da kuma goga hannu, a total adadin 220 to 360 digiri na motsi. Da yiwuwar irin wannan juyawa ba ka damar yin mutum wani iri-iri na motsi daga cikin manya wata gabar jiki.

An muhimmanci wuri a tare hannu da dantse daukan interosseous membrane hada da collagen zaruruwa. An located tsakanin crests na radius da ulna ƙasũsuwa da rike su a hanyar da ba ƙuntata motsi.

Hanya da hannu da dantse

Yake kunshe a cikin mutane kafada wuri sani rudani a farko, da binciken na mutum ilmin jikin mutum. Gaskiyar cewa duk saba tunani na da kafada, a magani da ake kira da kafada bel ko abin ɗamararsa. Sa'an nan inda kafada da kuma na sama hannu inda? Hanya - da babba reshe rabo da kafada da gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa, inda da humerus an haɗa zuwa ƙashi na daga hannu da dantse.

A kafada radius aka haɗa ta a kaikaice ɓangare na articular surface ciwon siffar zobe siffar. Wannan shi ne shugaban condyle na humerus. Tare da ulna kafada ta haɗu da tsakiya part kafa naúrar humerus. Coronal da olecranon suna kunshe a cikin block da gaba da kuma raya bi da bi. Sama da fovea naúrar shirya a wannan lokacin da yin wani gwiwar hannu lankwashewa ko tsawo hada da appendages.

hannu da dantse

Inda wani mutum ya hannu da dantse, mun riga aikatã game da. Bari mu bincika abin da tsokoki suna da hannu a cikin wannan sashi daga cikin manya reshe. Dangane da ƙungiyoyi sanya ta hannu da dantse tsokoki za a iya raba:

• pronator - kunna da motsi na da radius daga ciki gefen.
• insoles - kyale radius tafi zuwa waje.
• flexors da extensors goga.
• flexors da extensors na yatsunsu.

Da aka ambata tsoka kungiyoyin ake hada cikin biyu main Categories dangane da location: gaba da raya.

A gaban tsokoki na hannu da dantse

Anterior tsokoki da cewa matsar da hannu da dantse - wannan shi ne inda radius ne kõma a ciki. The kungiyar kuma ya hada da flexor. A surface Layer na tsoka nama cikin agara tsoka fara da tsakiya epicondyle na kafada. Deep tsoka yadudduka fara hannu da dantse ƙasũsuwa da membrane therebetween. Pronator a haɗe zuwa radius.

Muscle nama kusa da humerus mafi furta a kusa da wuyan hannu, da abun da ke ciki ne ya wakilci yafi da tendons.

A surface Layer na gaban tsokoki ne:

1. Pronator zagaye - da hannu a lankwashewa na hannu da dantse, ya kuma taimaka wa ta juyawa a cikin (dabino juya saukar).
2. Brachioradialis tsoka - halarci juye da Juyawan kafar zuwa kasa na hannu da dantse a lankwashewa. Yana fãra daga kafada kashi da gyarawa a cikin distal radius.
3. Flexor carpi radialis tsoka - shi ne shiga a cikin lankwasawa da buroshi da kuma partially rotates shi ciki.
4. Palmar longus - bends da wuyan hannu.
5. Flexor carpi ulnaris - da hannu a kawo goga a tashin da lankwasa shi.
6. Na waje flexor na yatsunsu - An hannu a lankwashewa tsakiya phalanges.

A zurfi Layer na gaban tsokoki gabatar flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum profundus tsoka da kuma pronator quadratus tsoka. Hannu da dantse, inda akwai da yawa tsokoki da hannu a cikin yunkuri na babba ƙwarai dexterity, kuma Yanã da wani iri-iri na aikata ayyuka.

Baya tsokoki na hannu da dantse

The raya kungiyar na hannu da dantse tsokoki yi insoles kuma extensors. A surface Layer na tsoka nama ya hada da tsokoki:

1. Radial dogon extensor goga - An hannu a lankwashewa na hannu da dantse a gwiwar hannu da kuma wuyan hannu tsawo.
2. Short extensor radial goga - An hannu a wuyan hannu tsawo da kuma sata.
3. Extensor digitorum.
4. Extensor na kadan yatsa.
5. Ulnar extensor goga - shi ne shiga a cikin sace 'wuyan hannu wajen gwiwar hannu da kuma ta da tsawo.

Deep Layer na baya hannu da dantse tsokoki wakilta instep, dogon tsoka (da hannu a sace da yatsa), short da kuma dogon extensor yatsa da kuma index extensor.

Jijiyoyi na hannu da dantse

Hannu da dantse, inda akwai da yawa tsokoki da kuma shi ne wani wuri na nassi na jijiyoyi. Ka yi la'akari da babban jijiyoyi dake a wannan yanki, kuma su ayyuka:

• Musculocutaneous - ta rassan suna located a gwiwar hannu, kasa ta sauka a cikin nau'i na kaikaice cutaneous jijiya. Innervate fata na hannu da dantse.
• A tsakãtsaki - rassan suna located in da gwiwar hannu a gaban hannu da dantse tsokoki. Innervate gidajen abinci na hannu, tsokoki na da babban yatsa.
• Ulna - located gaba da ulnar jijiya SUPPLiES da flexor carpi ulnaris. Kasa ne zuwa kashi rassan cewa innervate dabino da ciki da kuma m bangarorin biyu.
• Tsakiya cutaneous - SUPPLiES fata na hannu da dantse, shi fãra daga tsakiya igiyar.
• Radiation - zurfin reshe na wannan jijiya innervates da extensor tsokoki na hannu da dantse.

Fractures na hannu da dantse

Kasusuwan hannu da dantse ne quite bakin ciki, don haka da cewa su kawai karya har ma da kananan raunuka.

Fractures na hannu da dantse za a iya raba da dama iri:

1. Karaya olecranon - auku saboda wani fall, wadda ta zo a cikin gwiwar hannu, ko saboda kaifi rage a cikin triceps. Halin da kumburi da bluish tint, kaifi zafi a lokacin motsi, nakasawa ko dangling hannuwanku.
2. Lalacewar da coronoid tsari - taso saboda wani fall a kan wani lankwasa gwiwar hannu. Gunaguni game da kumburi, da ya rage mata motsi da kuma zafi.
3. Karaya na proximal ɓangare na kashi - shi ne dalilin da fall a cikin gwiwar hannu flexed.
4. Karaya na ulnar ko radial kashi - faruwa saboda tasiri kai tsaye. Babban bayyanar cututtuka suna busa, m zafi da iyaka motsi.
5. Karaya biyu, ƙashi na daga hannu da dantse - halin da korar karya ƙasũsuwa da su haduwa.

Lokacin samu karaya ne musamman muhimmanci ga samar da taimakon farko ga wanda aka azabtar. Idan karaya ne bude, ya kamata ka yi kokarin daidaita shi da kanka. Wajibi ne a tuna da cewa dole gyaran biyu gidajen abinci: tsintsiyar hannu da gwiwar hannu. Don yin wannan, za ka iya karan ɗori, ba tare da taba da sauran gefen hannunka, daga abin da kashi sandunansu fita.

Hannu da dantse - wani muhimmin kashi daga cikin manya ƙwarai, wanda ya samar da high motsi na hannunka da kuma da dama ayyuka yi.