Rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke

Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasar da sanaki daban-daban shuke-shuke. Kuma ko da yake sun duk mallakar wannan daula masu rai, su tsari da kuma Physiology daga cikin mutum. Domin da farko lokacin da Kalmar "rai siffofin shuke-shuke" da aka buga da baya a 1884 ta Danish botanist E. Warming. Ya yi imani da cewa wasu nau'i na rayuwa characterizes jihar na shuka a cikinsa yana daidai co-zama da yanayi. Daga bisani, an yi ta samun tsarin na rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke bisa ga irin wannan sharudda.

Rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke: rarrabuwa K. Christen C. Raunkiær

Famous masanin kimiyya K. Christen C. Raunkiær a lokaci daya raya da kansa rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke, wanda ya shiryu ne da kawai rarrabẽwa. Akwai aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi ne wani muhimmin alama na karbuwa ga waje tsoma, wato ci gaba matsayi dangane da ƙasa da kodan. A cewar wannan tsarin ne da wadannan siffofin:

• Fanerofity - shoot tips na shuke-shuke suna located a cikin iska, ko da a cikin mafi unfavorable yanayi. Yawanci, da nisa daga koda ga farfado da ƙasa surface ne fiye da 30 santimita. Irin shuke-shuke jure da tasiri na muhalli.
• Hamefity - tip na irin wannan gudun hijira ne ma located sama da surface na kasar gona, amma da nisa tsakanin su bai wuce 20 - 30 santimita.
• Hemicryptophytes - Life siffofin shuke-shuke, wanda aka halin low-kwance zaman majalisar na koda. Matsayin mai mulkin, a bad sau, da tip na shoot ne a kan surface na kasar gona, a karkashin zuriyar dabbobi.
• Cryptophytes - kodan sabuntawa da irin shuke-shuke suna adana ko dai a cikin ƙasa, kõ kuwa a karkashin ruwa.
• Terofity - wani rukuni na shuke-shuke, buds wanda aka adana na musamman a cikin irin tsaba.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke - shi ne sakamakon ƙarni na adaptations da tsira a takamaiman yanayin damina. Duk da haka, irin wannan tsarin ne ba daidai. A daya hannun, da kuma wannan rana shi ne m, shi ne kullum jurewa gyara.

Rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke: rarrabuwa I. Serebryakov

Yana da wannan rarrabuwa ci gaba a 1962 - 1964 gg I. G. Serebryakovym, yana dauke da mafi m da kuma cikakken a kan kwanan wata. A halittarsa cikin masanin kimiyya dauki la'akari da peculiarities na da sauyin yanayi zone da girma yanayi, kazalika da tsarin vegetative da generative gabobin. hudu manyan ƙungiyoyin da aka zaba, kowanne daga abin da ya hada da kansa iri:

Woody shuke-shuke (Division A). Ga ne zuwa kashi uku iri:

• Bishiyoyi - Tsire-tsire na wannan nau'i ne halin da gaban iko, lignified kara. Wannan perennial Flora.
• Bushes - wani babban rukuni na shuke-shuke da halin da lokaci daya gaban da dama kututturan, germinating daga dormant buds.
• Shrubs - shuke-shuke, wanda shi ne mai kama da bushes, amma suna da wasu manyan bambance-bambance, ciki har da karami da tsawon rai.

Poludrevesnye shuke-shuke (Sashen B). Wannan kungiya ne zuwa kashi biyu iri:

• Shrubs -rasteniya quite kama da bushes da shrubs, amma yana da rarrabe fasali. Alal misali, da kwarangwal axis rayuwa ba fiye da 5 - 8 shekaru, da kuma bayan mutuwar ba dokoki ne dormant buds.
• Semishrubs.

Ground ciyawa (Division B) - sunan fili ya furta daidai da abin da wakilai daga shuka duniya ka sanya sõyayya a cikin wannan kungiya. Akwai iri biyu:

• Polycarpic ciyawa - wannan herbaceous Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana, flowering za a iya lura a kowace shekara, wani lokacin sau da yawa a shekara.
• Monocarpic ciyawa - wadannan shuke-shuke iya rayuwa ga daya zuwa shekaru da dama. The bayãnin hukuncin alama - shi ne mai flowering, wanda ya auku ne kawai sau daya a lokacin da ci gaban da shuka, bayan da jiki sai ya mutu.

Ruwa ciyawa (Division D) - a nan ne kwayoyin wanda rayuwar an ko ta yaya da alaka da mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici. M rarrabe iri biyu:

• Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa iyo ciyawa - da vegetative jiki da shuka, yawanci located a farfajiya na ruwa, a kan iyakar ƙasar da kuma ruwa.
• Karkashin ruwa ciyawa - rayuwar siffofin shuke-shuke da cewa suna na musamman na cikin ruwa habitats.

A gaskiya ma, cikin rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna sosai bambancin. Kuma zuwa ranar, babu wani cikakken rarrabuwa tsarin.