Cikin ruwa habitats

kwayoyin da suke zaune yanayi da aka kaiwa da komowar da dama canza abubuwan. Kwayoyin ne iya yin tunãni a muhalli sigogi. A cikin shakka daga cikin tarihi cigaban rayayyun kwayoyin halitta aka ƙware uku habitats. Ruwa - na farko daga gare su. A ta asalin rayuwa ta fara ga miliyoyin shekaru. Ground-iska - na biyu matsakaici, wanda ya haifar da saba shuke-shuke da dabbobi. A hankali hanyar mayar da lithosphere, wanda shi ne a saman Layer na ƙasar, sai suka halitta ƙasa, ya zama na uku mazauninsu.

Kowane irin kifi da cewa rayuwa, a wani musamman yanayi, halin da irin makamashi da kuma metabolism, da adana wanda yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada ci gaba. Lokacin da jihar na yanayi, barazanar da jiki rashin daidaituwa da makamashi metabolism kuma abu, jiki ko dai ta sauya matsayi a sarari, ko yana sanya kansa a mafi sharadi gwargwado, ko canje-canje na musayar aiki.

cikin ruwa habitats

Ba dukkan abubuwan wasa da wani m rawa a cikin rayuwa ta na cikin ruwa kwayoyin. Bisa wannan ka'ida za a iya raba firamare da kuma sakandare. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - shi ne inji da kuma tsauri halaye na seabed gona da ruwa, da yawan zafin jiki, haske mai nauyi da kuma narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma wasu sauran abubuwa.

Dalilai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici

Cikin ruwa mazauninsu, da ake kira hydrosphere, daukan up to 71% daga cikin dukan duniya. The ruwa girma na kusan 1,46 biliyan. Cube. km. Daga cikin wadannan, 95% - shi ne tekuna. Fresh ruwa kunshi glacial (85%) kuma a karkashin kasa (14%). Lakes, tafkunan, kududdufai, Marshes, da kõguna da kõguna zauna kadan fiye da kashi 0.6% na jimlar yawa na sabo ruwa, ya ta'allaka ne a cikin 0,35% ƙasa danshi da kuma na yanayi vapors.

The mai ruwa-ruwa mazauninsu lugar da 150 dubban jinsin (wanda 7% na dukkan halittu Duniya) da kuma 10 dubban jinsunan shuke-shuke (8%).

A fannin ekweita da kuma wurare masu zafi bangarori na duniya da dabbobi da shuke-shuke da mafi bambancin. A nesa daga wadannan zones a arewaci da kudancin shugabanci na ingantaccen abun da ke ciki na cikin ruwa kwayoyin da ake zama poorer. Duniya teku kwayoyin sun mayar da hankali, yafi kusa da gaba. Rayuwa ne kusan ba ya nan a bude ruwa, located nisa daga gaci.

ruwa Properties

The jiki Properties na ruwa ƙayyade da muhimmanci ayyuka na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikinsa. Daga gare su, na farko, da muhimmanci thermal Properties. Wadannan sun hada da babban zafi iya aiki, low thermal watsin, wani babban latent zafi na danshin da kuma narkewa, fadada daga cikin dukiyar da misãlin.

Ruwa - kyau kwarai da sauran ƙarfi. A narkar da jihar duk masu amfani sha inorganic da kwayoyin abubuwa. The mai ruwa-ruwa mazauninsu facilitates harkokin sufuri na abubuwa a cikin jiki, da wulakanci kayayyakin ma bambanta da ruwa.

A high surface tashin hankali na ruwa wanda aka kiyaye shi a kan surface na rai ko maras rai abubuwa, da kuma cika da capillaries, game da shi terrestrial shuke-shuke ciyar.

Ruwa nuna gaskiya inganta photosynthesis a babban zurfin.

Environmental kungiyoyin kwayoyin ruwa-ruwa matsakaici

• Benthos - Waɗannan su ne kwayoyin da cewa suna a haɗe zuwa ga ƙasa, kwance a kan shi ko rayuwa a cikin m sediments (phytobenthos, zoobenthos da Bakteriobentos).
• Periphyton - dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da cewa suna a haɗe ko a gudanar don wannan tushe da kuma ganyen shuke-shuke ko kuma wani saman cewa ya tashi sama da kasa da kuma iyo saukar da kogin ruwa.
• Plankton - free-iyo shuka ko dabba kwayoyin.
• Nekton - rayayye yin iyo kwayoyin da streamlined jiki siffar, ba a hade da kasa (squid, kifi, Whales, pinnipeds, da dai sauransu).
• Neuston - microorganisms, tsirrai da dabbobi da suke zaune a ruwa surface tsakanin ruwa da iska yanayin. Wannan kwayoyin cuta, protozoa, algae, larvae.
• Pleuston - hydrobiont partially a cikin ruwa da kuma jera a sama da surface. Yana sailboats siphonophores, Duckweed da arthropod.

Rivers kira potamobiontami mazaunan.

Cikin ruwa mazauninsu ne halin da peculiar yanayin rayuwa. The rarraba kwayoyin a kan babban tasiri zazzabi, haske, ruwa ya kwarara, matsa lamba, narkar da gas, da kuma salts daga gare ta. Rayuwa yanayi a marine da kuma nahiyar ruwa ne sosai daban-daban. Seawater ne mafi m yanayi kusa da physiological bayani. Continental ruwa su mazaunan ne kasa m.