Buffer mafita: shirye-shiryen da kuma yin amfani da

Buffers - shi mafita dauke da buffering tsarin. Buffer tsarin kira cakuda a cikin abin da abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi wani ajali gwada yawa rabo rauni acid da kuma su salts da karfi da kwasfansu, ko raunana sansanonin da su salts da karfi acid. Irin wannan mafita da barga maida hankali H + ions a tsaka tsaki diluting sauran ƙarfi (ruwa) da kuma ƙara musu wani adadin na da karfi acid ko sansanonin.

Buffer mafita ne a cikin ruwayen tekuna, ƙasa mafita da kuma a cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan tsarin aiki controls ayyuka da cewa goyi bayan aiki dauki matsakaici a kayyade darajar zama dole ga nasara da ya faru na na rayuwa halayen. Buffer mafita ana kasu acidic da kuma asali. An misali iya fara zama acetate buffer tsarin, na biyu - ammonium. Rarrabe halitta da kuma wucin gadi buffers. A halitta buffer bayani ne jini dauke da hydrocarbonate, phosphate, furotin, haemoglobin da wani acidic buffer tsarin. Artificial buffer iya zama acetate buffer, kunsha na CH3COOH.

Features na ciki tsarin da kuma tsarin ba da aikin na buffer tsarin da muke la'akari da misalin wani acetate buffer tsarin: acetate acid / sodium acetate. A cikin ruwa-ruwa matsakaici wani buffer tsarin aka gyara an hõre electrolytic dissociation. Sodium acetate matsayin gishiri da mai rauni acid da kuma mai karfi da tushe gaba daya dissociates cikin ions. A gaban anions a wani buffer cakuda dogara da taro na gishiri a cikinta, kuma ta digiri na dissociation. A taro na H + ions a cikin buffer tsarin ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga taro na acid a cikin shi kuma inversely na gwargwado ga da abun ciki na salts wannan acid.

Saboda haka, maida hankali H + ions a cikin na asali buffer ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga taro na gishiri a cikin ta, kuma inversely na gwargwado ga taro na mai tushe.

A dakin gwaje-gwaje yi, yi amfani da buffer mafita da aka sani da dabi'u na PH. Saboda haka, shirye-shiryen da buffer mafita ne da za'ayi ta yin amfani da mafita daga wani rauni acid da kuma ta salts da karfi tushe, ko raunana ne tushe da kuma ta gishiri da karfi acid. Sa'an nan ta canza gwada yawa rabo na gyara, buffer mafita kerarre da setpoint PH. Wasu mamaki yadda shiri na bayani.

Alal misali, shi wajibi ne don shirya wani acetate buffer a dama dabi'u na PH. Da farko shirya 5M bayani daga acetate acid da kuma sodium acetate. Ga shiri na farko da bayani dauki 50 ml na kowane daga cikin aka gyara. Shiryar da dabara, da maida hankali H + ions a cikin sakamakon bayani.

Ga na gaba buffer bayani dauki 80 ml na acid bayani da kuma 20 ml na gishiri bayani shirya a baya. Akwai da dama daga formulations na daban-daban buffer mafita amfani da sinadaran bincike da kuma gwaje-gwaje yi.

Ga wani hali buffers Properties. Don wadanda farko da dangantaka Buffering - da ikon ya kula da haƙuri da taro na H + ions a lokacin da kara a wani adadin buffer bayani da wani karfi acid ko wani karfi tushe. Alal misali, idan wani acetate buffer don ƙara wani karamin adadin acid chloride, PH miƙa zuwa acid gefe ba ya faruwa, tun da acid chloride zai amsa musayar bazuwar tare da gishiri da mai rauni acid. Reaction da wani karfi acid m tafi da PH ga acid gefe, da kuma maye gurbinsu da wani tsaka tsaki rauni acid gishiri. A mataki na dissociation na wani rauni electrolyte bayani tare da kara maida hankali rage-rage wa sifili, kuma PH motsi faruwa.