Roald Amundsen: ya bude shi, kuma idan?

Amundsen - daya daga cikin shahararrun explorers na Norway. Tun suna yara, abin sha'awa an karanta littattafai game da tafiya zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa. Kamar yadda yaro ya karanta kusan dukan bugu na tafiya cikin Arctic Circle, ya gudanar ya samu riƙe. Amundsen asirce daga uwar riga a farkon shekaru fara shirya domin balaguro, ya aka zafin yin wasan motsa jiki, kazalika da wasa da kwallon kafa, da la'akari da cewa wannan game taimaka wajen karfafa kafar tsokoki.

Matasa na babban iyakacin duniya mai bincike

Lokacin da Amundsen shiga Medical Faculty a Oslo, mafi yawan lokaci ya duqufa wajen nazarin harkokin waje harsuna, kasancewa tabbata cewa su sani wajibi ne ga tafiya. Abin da ya bude Roald Amundsen a labarin kasa, sun fi mayar saboda ya dade shekaru horo cikin matasa.

A 1897-1899 shekaru matasa Amundsen dauki bangare a cikin Belgium Antarctic Fe explorers. A cikin wannan tawagar da shi shi ne sanannen mai bincike Frederick Cook, wanda bayan shekaru 10 da yaki a cikin yakin domin da hakkin ya kasance da discoverer na Arewa iyakacin duniya tare da Robertom Piri.

Fice explorers: gwagwarmayar keda daukaka

Arewa iyakacin duniya da kuma zama wani burin da ya kafa da kanta Roald Amundsen. Abin da ya gano a nan gaba, idan yana zuwa wasu matafiya kokawa ga outermost batu na duniya? Hukumance, na dogon lokaci an yi tunanin cewa na farko Afrilu 6, 1909 ya kai Arewa iyakacin duniya Robert Piri. Frederik Kuk da'awar cewa ya kasance a nan for 21 Afrilu 1908. Tun da shaida gabatar da Cook ne m, sa'an nan muka yanke shawarar ba da dabino zuwa Peary. Amma kyaututukan da ya samu sun kasance a cikin shakka.

Gaskiyar cewa kayan aiki a lokacin da ya ba tukuna kai cewa matakin na ci gaba, wanda zai zama hadari a ce gaskiya quite bayyane. A na gaba, wanda ya yi kokarin ci da unforgiving Arewa iyakacin duniya, ya Fridtjof Nansen. Amma ba ya iya isa ya manufa, da kuma baton a soma Roald Amundsen. Abin da ya gano, da kuma lokacin da, zai kasance har abada a cikin tarihi na labarin kasa gudanar da bincike. Amma babban gano Amundsen aka riga da yawa gwaje-gwaje. Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutuwa, Amundsen yanke shawarar zama a navigator dogon tafiya. Duk da haka, domin a samu nasarar wuce da jarrabawa, ya wajaba a gudanar domin akalla shekaru uku a matsayin ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a kan schooner.

Roald Amundsen: ya bude har zuwa zama wani babban mai bincike

Future iyakacin duniya mai bincike ya aiko zuwa ga tekun na Spitsbergen a wani m jirgin. Sai ya agaba da zuwa wani jirgin da kuma aika zuwa Kanad Coast. Kafin ta zama wani babban mai bincike, Amundsen ne ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a kan da dama daga jirgi da ziyartar kasashen da dama: Spain, Mexico, Ingila da kuma Amurka.

A 1896 Amundsen jarrabawa da kuma sami diploma, wanda ya sanya dogon tafiya Navigator. Bayan kammala karatu Antarctica karshe zama wani wuri inda Roald Amundsen aika. Wannan ya gano a cikin shakka daga farko tafiya? Kawai cewa Antarctica ne babban burin - zauna da rai. The balaguro, wanda aka yi nufi ga karatu terrestrial magnetism, kusa su zama na karshe ga dukan ma'aikatan jirgin. A karfi blizzards, tsawa sanyi da kuma tsawo rashin himma yunwa - duk wannan kusan halakar da tawagar. Sun sami ceto ne kawai ta hanyar samar da makamashi na wani jarumi matafiyi wanda aka kullum nemi like don ciyar da yunwa ƙungiya.

canji a raga

Roald Amundsen: cewa ya gano da kuma abin da yake da rawar a cikin zamani Gwargwadon ilmi? A 1909, lokacin da Cook, kuma Peary hukuma bayyana su 'yancin ga gano da Arewa iyakacin duniya, Amundsen yanke shawarar halin canza manufarta. Bayan wannan tseren, ya iya kawai zama na biyu, idan ba na uku. Saboda haka, na iyakacin duniya mai bincike ya yanke shawarar ci wata manufa - da Kudu iyakacin duniya. Duk da haka, akwai riga waɗanda suka so su cimma wannan burin sauri.

Scott ta Burtaniya balaguro

A 1901 Birtaniya da aka shirya balaguro jagorancin wani jami'in Robert Scott. Ya ba su yi la'akari da Gwargwadon binciken kasuwanci duk rayuwarsa, amma ya haura shirya domin hushi tafiya tare da cikakken alhakin. Roald Amundsen, Robert Scott: cewa explorers gano a cikin su tafiyarka, ko su aikata shi tare? Ã'a, shi ne mugunyar gasar da hakkin ya isa Kudu iyakacin duniya na farko. A cikin watan Yuni 1910, Scott ya fara wani balaguro zuwa Antarctica. Ya san cewa yana da wani gasa, amma bai hašawa yawa muhimmancin Amundsen balaguro, la'akari da inexperience. Amma, mafi muhimmanci samu na Kudu iyakacin duniya a 1910-1912 shekaru mallakar Norwegian.

Roald Amundsen: cewa ya gano? Takaitacciyar da balaguro zuwa Kudu iyakacin duniya

Scott sanya wata babbar fare a kan yin amfani da kayan aiki - snowmobile. Amundsen ma ta amfani da kwarewa da Norwegians, ya dauki tare da shi a manyan kare tawagar for wata tafiya a cikin seleji. Bugu da kari, Amundsen ta tawagar kunshi kyau kwarai wasan na, Scott da kuma ma'aikatan jirgin ba su biya saboda da hankali ga shiri na ski.

Fabrairu 4, Scott ta tawagar, da ya zo da Bay na Whales, ba zato ba tsammani gan su fafatawa a gasa. A Birtaniya, ko rasa fadan ruhu, ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da tafiya. Bugu da kari, cikin tawagar da aka gigice da bayyanar Amundsen da balaguro ya taka rawar gani, da kuma rashin horo. Dawakansu fara mutu a matsayin dogon to acclimatise. Wasu daga cikin snowmobile m. Scott ya gane cewa Amundsen Bet a kan karnuka - lashe bayani. Duk da cewa Amundsen ma sha wahala asarar da, Disamba 14, 1911 tawagar ta kai ta Kudu iyakacin duniya.