Statistics - wanda shi ne wannan? Zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a statistics

A zamani da yanayi na ci gaba jama'a ƙwarai ƙara sha'awa a cikin statistics a matsayin kimiyya da ta fadi da aikace-aikace a yi. Yau, babu wanda zai iya ƙaryatãwa game da muhimmancin da kuma rashin sanin cikakken farashi da rawar da statistics a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa. Ilimin kididdiga data taimakawa ga samuwar wani isasshen misali na yanzu Jihar harkokin cikin kasar. Tare da wannan, a harka na wani sabawa ko discrepancies a dace hanya, yana yiwuwa ya dauki wani yawan daidaituwa matakan da inganta halin da ake ciki.

Fassarar da ma'anar kalma

Kalmar "statistics" ya zo daga Latin kalma matsayi, wanda yakan haifar da wasu abubuwa. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da 1749 Jamus-haife masanin kimiyya G. Ahenvalem, wanda aka ambata shi a cikin littafinsa a kan hali na harkokin jama'a. Don kwanan wata, da kalmar da ake amfani a uku main dabi'u:

1. Statistics - da kimiyya da karatu da matakai da mamaki na rayuwar zamantakewa, da watsuwar da dokoki na wadannan mamaki da kuma bayani na kyakkyawar dangantakar da ke tsakanin su.
2. Yana da wani reshe na ilimi cewa karatu mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin al'umma, tare da gwada yawa gefe.
3. Wannan shi ne wasu data bayar da kungiyoyi da shi da sunan kudi kalamai.

Subject, abu da kuma aiki statistics

Kowane kimiyya na da takamaiman halaye, ta magana, kuma abu na binciken. Statistics ba wani togiya. Its batu ne:

• zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mamaki faruwa a rayuwar al'umma da;
• gwada yawa bangare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mamaki, shan la'akari da wuri da kuma musamman lokacin.

The abu na nazarin ilimin kididdiga kimiyya ne:

• al'umma;
• zaman jama'a matakai da mamaki.
• Tasirin exerted da jama'a a kan jihar da yanayi.

Amma ga babban ilimin kididdiga da matsaloli, ya kamata a lura da wadannan:

1. Gano da kuma bincika duk zamantakewa da tattalin arziki canje-canje faruwa a cikin al'umma.
2. Nazari da kuma kimanta tasiri na zaman jama'a samar.
3. Lokaci ba jama'a hukumomi wani abin dogara da kuma cikakken bayani.

Mene ne m statistics?

Tattalin arziki statistics - wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci reshe na ilimin kididdiga kimiyya tafiyad da nazarin tattalin arziki da matakai da faruwa a cikin al'umma. Its manufa shi ne ya gudanar da wani isasshen bincike na yanayin aiki na tattalin arziki, da dokoki da kuma dokokin ci gaban al'umma. Wannan haƙiƙa yana cika ta hanyar tattara bayanai, aiki da kuma bincike. Yana yana amfani da wani tsarin na gwada yawa Manuniya, wanda da kakkarfan dangankata da juna. Godiya ga bayanan da aka tattara da tattalin arziki statistics, yana yiwuwa ya tabbatar da akai gwada yawa halaye na daban-daban tattalin arziki matakai, kazalika da tattalin arzikin matsayin dukan.

Mene ne zamantakewa statistics?

Social statistics - shi ne babu kasa muhimmanci masana'antu tsunduma a gudanar da bincike zamantakewa canje-canje a cikin yanayi, shan wuri a cikin al'umma. Its batu ne mai jama'a, a dukan bayyananen, da kuma gwada yawa bangare na totality of social matakai da mamaki. Babban maƙasudin ne ci gaba da kuma yin amfani da tasiri Manuniya cewa za a iya amfani da su gano masu kuzarin kawo cikas na zamantakewa yanayi na zama na yawan da kuma ci gaban al'umma baki daya. Social statistics na taimaka wa wani bayyananne ra'ayin game da salon kowane mutum dabam: game da bukatun, manyan al'amurra, yanayin rayuwa a wani lokaci lokaci.

Mene ne shari'a statistics?

Legal statistics - wannan shi ne wani reshe na ilimin kididdiga kimiyya, wanda ke karanta gwada yawa halaye na hanyar shari'a, kazalika da lalata bayyananen a cikin al'umma. Akwai 3 main rassan doka statistics: m dokar, ƙungiyoyin, administrative da kuma shari'a.

Shari'a statistics yana da matsayin abu nazarin alamu, wanda ke faruwa laifi motsi na laifi da bugun fanareti amfani ga waɗanda suka karya doka. Bayan da kotun hukunta cewa jumla ne da za'ayi kiyaye statistics yanke hukuncin daurin ko dan kaso.

Rundunar Statistics rike records na lawsuits, masu kara da masu kare kansu mafita. All bayani game da su a ƙarshe na kowane duba kara shiga da hukunci a ta musamman katin form.

Gudanarwa da kuma shari'a statistics karatu da dokoki na motsi na administrative da suka faru, da mutane suka yi da su, da kuma matakan da ya shafi masu laifi.

Mene ne bambancin a cikin statistics?

A bambancin a cikin statistics - ba kawai bambanci tsakanin dabi'u na wasu siffofin halayyar da biyu ko fiye da raka'a tare a wannan lokaci lokaci. Yana auku saboda gaban yanayi daban-daban ga wanzuwar dama raka'a daya sa kuma yi amfani da tsari na samfurin kallo, kazalika ga ilimin kididdiga tallan kayan kawa da kuma gwani safiyo shiryawa. A daidai da bambancin Manuniya ƙarshe bisa ga uniformity raka'a tare, da zaman lafiyar na halayyar dabi'u da kuma su dangantaka. Ya kamata a lura da cewa bambancin ne daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake bukata duka biyu ci gaba da sosai kasancewar taro mamaki.

Statistics - wanda shi ne wannan?

Tambaya taso, wanda shi ne statistics da kuma abin da ya aikata. Da farko, ya kamata a ce cewa statistics - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wata sana'a. Don kwanan wata, wannan sana'a ya ja hankalin masu da karuwar matasa, wanda bayan samun digiri yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa gaba daya don nazarin da kuma ci gaban ilimin kididdiga kimiyya. Su ne Masani game da cewa statistics - wani gwani wanda aikin da aka kishin da magani da kuma nazari na gwada yawa Manuniya na zamantakewa matakai da kuma mamaki, da mataki na canji da kuma ci gaba. Shi ne wani ma'aikaci, a karkashin ikon gwamnatin, ko wani ma'aikaci na statistics sassan daban-daban da kamfanoni da kungiyoyi. Ya kamata kuma a jaddada cewa statistics - shi ne gwani, wanda nufin a tattara, tsari da kuma bincika tara bayanai game da jihar da kuma abubuwan dake faruwa a shi. Kuma kalubalen nauyi hada da wadannan ayyuka:

1. Tarin bayanai da kuma shirye-shiryen a kan ta da asali rahoto a kan wasu Manuniya.
2. Dubawa da labarun almara na tattara bayanai da kuma kwatanta su da sigogi na karshe zamani.
3. Gyaranta, aiki da kuma bincike na bayanai.
4. Shiri na iri daban-daban takardun shaida dangane da jam'i na bayanan da aka tattara da kuma sarrafa.

A batu na aiki statistics ne alamar tsarin, watau Figures, daban-daban alluna da jadawalai, dabarbari, takardun. Babban burin ya bi ta su - da nazarin ilimin kididdiga data, da rarrabuwa, kazalika da kwatanta dokokin quantitatively.

Aikin cikin rayuwar al'umma da

Rawar da ilimin kididdiga kimiyya da ilimin kididdiga lissafin kudi a cikin al'umma kamata ba za a underestimated. Statistics ba a real hoto na da tattalin arziki, kimiyya da ayyukan, da matakin na al'ada, na yawan jama'ar, jindadin da walwalar jama'a, a wani lokaci. Bugu da kari, yana yiwuwa su kula da aiwatar da daban-daban na kasa da tattalin arziki da shirye-shirye zuwa ga gano inconsistencies, sabawa daga shirya shirin, kwatanta wasan kwaikwayon na kasashe daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, ilimin kididdiga data ne na bayar da muhimmanci ba kawai ga ba amma kuma na nan gaba. Saboda haka, za su iya zama tushen kimiyya shiryawa nan gaba ci gaban al'umma da kuma ta ci gaba.