Pastern kashi: sifa da aiki

Mene ne pastern kashi? Mene ne ayyuka da suka yi? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi da sauran za a iya samu a cikin labarin. Brush ne distal rabo daga hannun, da kwarangwal na wanda kunshi metacarpal kasũsuwa, ashe, yatsunsu (phalanges) da kuma wuyan hannu.

tsarin

Mene ne pastern kashi? A wannan tambaya za mu amsa a kan, amma yanzu sanin tsarin da wuyan hannu. A da tsarin akwai takwas short spongy ƙasũsuwa sanya shi a cikin biyu Lines, hudu a kowane:

• saman: da uku-kaifi, navicular, semilunar, pisiform.
• Lower: capitatum, trapezium, ƙugiya-dimbin yawa, trapezoid kashi.

Ƙananan karshen na radius da ulna bi zuwa carpal ƙasũsuwa samar da wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa hadaddun, wanda zai iya sa jũya a kan dukan uku da gatura. Kasusuwa da ƙananan line a haɗe a saman da ƙasũsuwa saman, kasa - da knuckles metacarpus, kuma zuwa juna, forming malopovorotlivye gidajen abinci.

A na gaba line na ƙasũsuwa kafa da pastern kashi. Akwai kawai biyar, yawan yatsunsu. Tushe an haɗa zuwa wuyan hannu kashi. Kazalika da metacarpal kasũsuwa, ashe, phalanges ne short tubular ƙasũsuwa. Kowane yatsa yana da uku phalanges: proximal (tushe), da talakawan da distal karshen ko (ƙusa). Kawai thumb ne wani togiya, kamar yadda kafa ta biyu phalanges - ƙusa da kuma asali. Tsakanin phalanges na kowane yatsa da kuma metacarpal kashi dimbin yawa m hadin gwiwa.

pastern kashi

Yadda yawa ƙasũsuwa wani bangare ne na metacarpal? Ya kunshi biyar metacarpal cortical ƙasũsuwa. Kanta ne wani elongated biyu metacarpal kashi, kuma mafi guntu - metacarpal kashi na thumb (na farko), wanda aka halin da massiveness.

A wasu knuckles zuwa ga ulnar iyaka da hannu karu a tsawon. Kowane metacarpal shugaban can, gindi da jiki. Kwasfan dirkoki guda m da carpal ƙasũsuwa. Articular surface sansanonin da biyar metacarpals ne na farko sirdi siffar. Sauran articular surface ne lebur. A metacarpals da kai, abin da ya bambanta hemispherical articular surface da alaka da proximal yatsa ƙasũsuwa.

bayani

Saboda haka, mu ci gaba da karatu da kara pastern. Yadda yawa ƙasũsuwa yana? Mun riga san cewa biyar metacarpal ƙasũsuwa samar da pastern. By irin su kasance a cikin gajeren tubular ƙasũsuwa da kawai real epiphysis (monoepifizarnye kashi). Suna da ake kira da oda - I, II, III, da sauransu, fara daga farko yatsa.

A proximal iyakar tushe II-V articular ƙasũsuwa da lebur fuskoki dabam-dabam wanda bauta kamar yadda dangane da biyu line wuyan hannu kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma wadanda wanda aka shirya a kan kowane gefe - don sadarwa tsakanin kansu. Na knuckled akai pastern yana articular sirdi siffar da trapezoidal prichlenyaetsya ga carpal ƙashi, yadda babu gefen fuskoki dabam-dabam a nan.

Base II pastern kashi Forms sako a cikin nau'i na kwana rufe da carpal kashi. Bisa V metacarpal gaɓar yatsa, a ta ulnar gefe, yana da wani hump. A cikin shugabannin metacarpal ƙasũsuwa da articular convex saman zama dole ga maha? Ar da proximal ƙashi na daga cikin yatsunsu. A tarnaƙi na sako roughened shugabannin bayyane - wuraren da jijiya da aka makala.

tubular kashi

An sani cewa wani karamin tubular ƙasũsuwa hada da ƙasũsuwa da metacarpal phalanges da metatarsals. Ga wani dogon tubular ƙasũsuwa kasance a cikin femur, fibula da tibia, kazalika da gwiwar hannu, kafada da radiation. Oblong kafa ƙasũsuwa sa up game da rabin na 'yan adam girma.

Mene ne dogon ƙasusuwansa ba? Wannan kashi trihedral ko cylindrical siffar da ciwon fadin kasa da tsawon. Suna kan iyakar da epiphyses, an rufe shi da hyaline articular guringuntsi, da kuma girma, yafi saboda da karuwa a jiki tsawon (diaphysis). Tsakanin diaphysis da metaphysis epiphyses sanya shi a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma balaga hada da epiphyseal guringuntsi farantin.

tsarin

Saboda haka, ka riga ya san nawa na mutum kashi (metacarpal) suna da hannu a cikin yunkuri na yatsunsu. Kuma abin da ke cikin tsarin da a tubular kashi? Waje an rufe tare da periosteum - a Layer na connective nama. Kashi epiphysis wakilta yafi cancellous kashi dauke da bargo ja, diaphysis - m kashi abu. A cikin cibiyar akwai wani diaphyseal medullary canal, wanda yake cike da adult bargo ne rawaya. Wannan abu ya ƙunshi kitsen Kwayoyin.

buroshi

Metacarpal ƙasũsuwa da phalanges ne hannunka kwarangwal. Menene ƙasusuwan yatsu? Wadannan su ne kananan, sanya daya bayan daya tare da kawai real ƙasũsuwa epiphysis (mnoepifizarnye kashi). Su kira phalanges. Kowane yatsa yana da uku phalanges: talakawan, distal da proximal. The yatsa ne togiya, kamar yadda yana da kawai biyu phalanges - distal da proximal. A dukan dabbobi, shi ne underdeveloped, kuma ya kai iyaka na girma ne kawai a cikin mutane.

Dalili proximal articular kashi Bears guda rami, wanda ake bukata don haɗawa tare da mai siffar zobe shugaban. A kwasfa na distal da kuma tsakiyar phalanges yana da biyu lebur tududa, rabu scallop. Suna nasaba da shugabannin matsakaici da kuma proximal phalanges, abin da girma a cikin wani nau'i na toshe tare da wani m, a tsakiyar.

Karshen mĩƙe phalanges da roughness. A cikin yankin na interphalangeal da metacarpophalangeal gidajen abinci na hannu, inda tendons suna a haɗe, ne sesamoid ƙasũsuwa. Su ne m on na farko yatsa da kuma canzawa a kan sauran.

Ball gidajen abinci na hannunka

Akwai goge metacarpophalangeal gidajen abinci, wanda aka kafa ta da kwasfa na proximal phalanges da metacarpal ƙasũsuwa kawunansu. Duk wadannan gidajen abinci da uku yardatayya perpendicular gatura na juyawa, a kusa da akwai wani m da adduction, circumduction (roundabout), straightening kuma lankwasawa, kuma duk da haka suna da wani mai siffar zobe siffar. Tsawo kuma lankwashewa yiwu a 9-100 °, adduction da sata - at 45-50 °.

Na biyu jijiyoyin karfafa metacarpophalangeal gidajen abinci da kuma sanya a kan ko dai gefen su. Na dabino a cikin capsules na gidajen abinci da ƙarin jijiya, da ake kira da dabino. Wadannan zaruruwa suna kõre da mai walƙiya tare da mai gangara zaruruwa zurfin metacarpal jijiya wanda damuarn bambanta rarrabuwar metacarpal shugabannin knuckles baya.

lebur gidajen abinci

Kowane mutum, ya kamata ka san nawa kashi ne na pastern. Kuma abin da ya ƙunshi carpometacarpal gidajen abinci na hannu? Wannan sanarwa akan abinda na distal carpal ƙasũsuwa line tare da metacarpal sansanonin. Wadannan gidajen abinci ne m, kuma suna da wani lebur siffar, debe da carpometacarpal hadin gwiwa na da babban yatsa. The yawa na ƙungiyoyi don su bai wuce 5-10 °. Lability a wadannan gidajen abinci, kazalika da tsakanin carpal ƙasũsuwa da aka sarrafa daidai ɓullo da jijiyoyin sun hadu.

Daure sanya a farfajiya na dabino daga hannunka, yin karfi palmar jijiya na'ura. Ya dora wa carpal ƙasũsuwa da juna, kazalika da da metacarpal ƙasũsuwa. Capitatum a cikin jijiya inji shi ne tsakiyar. An haɗe da shi mafi daga cikin jijiyoyin.

A na baya goga daure ɓullo da yawa weaker fiye da dabino. Suna hade tare da juna da kuma wuyan hannaye an hada da m kwantena cewa rufe gidajen abinci tsakanin waɗannan ƙasusuwa sanya. Na biyu layi na carpal kasũsuwa, ashe, ban da dabino da baya, a haɗe a matsayin interosseous jijiya.

Kashi distal wuyan hannu Lines da hudu (II-V) malomanevrenny pastern kashi a dangane da juna da kuma daidaita alaka a cikin wani na game naúrar da ke cikin babban kashi kashi core. A wannan batun, suna alama kamar m goga tushe.

Polygonal kashi da tushe na farko metacarpal kashi Forms da carpometacarpal hadin gwiwa na farko goga na wani yatsa. The hadin gwiwa saman ne sirdi siffar. The hadin gwiwa na iya zama irin wannan tashin: sata da kuma adduction, da Reverse motsi (repositioning) da kuma 'yan adawa (adawa) da kuma circumduction (roundabout).

A thumb aka yi tsayayya da dukan sauran yatsu, don haka ƙara da fahimtar hannunka ƙungiyoyi muhimmanci karu. Motility sigogi a carpometacarpal hadin gwiwa na thumb dokoki 45-60 ° sata da kuma a kan actuation kuma 35-40 ° a lokacin da dawowar motsi da bambanci.