Taurin karafa. Table taurin karafa

Don sassa da sunadaran sun m da kuma abin dogara kayan daga wanda an yi su ne, dole ne bi da zama dole yanayi na aiki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci don sarrafa canja dabi'u na asali inji Properties. By da inji Properties ne taurin, ƙarfi, tauri, ductility. taurin karafa - da farko tsarin faye hali.

ra'ayi

Taurin karafa da kuma gami, - wani abu dukiya samar da juriya a shigar azzakari cikin farji, a bãyan tẽkun yadudduka a jiki wadda aka ba maras kyau kuma halaka su a lokacin concomitant kaya (indentation). Ƙayyade da manufar:

• bayanai a kan tushe na tsarin fasali da kuma aiki capabilities.
• bincike na mataki lokaci.
• iko da zazzabi magani sakamakon.

Daga wannan adadi jera dogara surface ƙarfi da juriya ga tsufa. Bincika a matsayin albarkatun kasa da kuma shirye-sanya sassa.

zažužžukan nazari

A nuna alama ne mai yawa wanda ake kira da yawan taurin. Akwai daban-daban hanyoyin da aunawa da taurin karafa. A mafi m binciken sun hada da yin amfani da iri daban-daban da lissafin da alaka indenters taurin:

1. Brinell: jigon da na'ura - Ball indentation a bincikar karfe ko gami indentation diamita lissafi da kuma m lissafi na ilmin lissafi inji siga.
2. Rockwell: amfani ball ko wani lu'u-lu'u Tapered tip. The darajar da aka nuna a kan kira na sauri, ko m warware.
3. Vickers: mafi m ji taurin na karfe tare da pyramidal lu'u-lu'u tip.

Akwai musamman dabarbari da kuma alluna domin sanin wasikun tsakanin parametric yi na daban-daban ji hanyoyin da wannan abu.

Dalilai kayyade ji bambance-bambancen

Karkashin awon yanayi, tare da zama dole kewayon kayan aiki, da zabi na binciken da za'ayi a dogara a kan takamaiman halaye na workpiece.

1. An nuni darajar da inji siga. Domin tsarin steels da kuma kayan da low taurin har zuwa 450-650 HB Brinell Hanyar yi amfani da; ga kayan aiki, gami steels da sauran gami - Rockwell. domin tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. The girma na gwajin misali. Musamman kananan da kuma bakin ciki sassa ana tuhumarmu da wani Vickers taurin magwajin.
3. A kauri na karfe a cikin ma'auni batu, musamman, cemented ko nitrided Layer.

Duk da bukatun da kuma yarda da rubuce Gost.

Features Brinell Hanyar

Taurin gwaji da karafa da kuma gami amfani Brinell taurin magwajin ake gudanar da wadannan siffofin:

1. A indenter - ball na gami karfe ko na tungsten gami carbide tare da diamita 1, 2, 2.5, 5, ko 10 mm (Gost 3722-81).
2. Duration canzawa indentation: for baƙin ƙarfe da karfe - 10-15 s domin ba ferrous gami - 30, shi ne kuma zai yiwu tare da wani tsawon lokaci na 60, da kuma a wasu lokuta - 120 da kuma 180 ...
3. Iyakar darajar da inji sigogi: 450 HB lokacin da aunawa karfe ball. HB 650 ta hanyar yin amfani tverdosplava.
4. Zai yiwu load. Tare da taimakon da kawota dukiya da aka gyara ainihin karfi nakasawa a kan gwajin samfurin. Su m yiwu dabi'u: 153,2, 187,5, 250 N; Matsakaicin - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (Gost 23677-79).

Amfani da dabarbari, dangane da zaban diamita daga cikin ball kuma ta gwada abu, wanda zai iya lissafta da m halatta karfi indentation.

gami da irin	Ilmin Lissafi ƙidãyar kaya
Karfe, nickel da titanium gami	30D 2
jefa baƙin ƙarfe	2 10D, 30D 2
Copper da kuma jan gami	2 5D, 10D 2, 30D 2
Light karafa da kuma gami	2,5D 2, 2 5D, 10D 2, 15D 2
Gubar, tin	1D 2

MISALI zane-zane da:

400HB10 / 1500/20, inda 400HB - Brinell taurin na karfe. 10 - Ball diamita, 10 mm; 1500 - canzawa kaya, 1500 Sar. 20 - da lokaci na indentation 20.

Don tsayar da ainihin lambobin nagarta sosai gano wannan samfurin a wurare da dama, da kuma sauran sakamakon da aka ƙaddara da gano da talakawan darajar samu.

Tabbatar da dalilin Hanyar Brinell taurin

A binciken da tsari ya shafi wadannan matakai:

1. Duba cikakken bayani a kan yarda da bukatun (Gost 9012-59, Gost 2789).
2. Duba daga serviceability na na'urar.
3. Don zabi da ake so ball, da katin shaida na yiwu kokarin, shigarwa na kaya domin ta samuwar lokaci na indentation.
4. An fara taurin da nakasawa daga cikin misali.
5. Ji sako diamita.
6. Empirical lissãfi.

HB = F / A,

inda F - load, Sar ko H; A - Buga yankin, mm ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

inda D - diamita daga cikin ball, mm; h - indentation zurfin, mm.

Taurin karfe auna a cikin wannan hanya yana da empirical dangantaka da lissafi na ƙarfi sigogi. m hanya, musamman ga m gami. Shi ne na asali a kayyade da dabi'u na tsarin na inji Properties.

Features Rockwell hanyoyin

Wannan hanya na ji da aka kirkiro a cikin 20-ies na XX karni, mafi sarrafa kansa fiye da baya daya. Ana amfani da wuya kayan. Its main halaye (Gost 9013-59, Gost 23677-79):

1. A gaban wani primary load 10 kg.
2. Exposure Period: 10-60.
3. Iyakar dabi'u na yiwu Manuniya: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100. HRC: 20-70.
4. Yawan aka visualized kan kira na sauri taurin, kuma za a iya lasafta arithmetically.
5. Scale kuma indenter. Known 11 daban-daban Sikeli dangane da irin indenter da iyakar halatta a tsaye load. Mafi na kowa yin amfani: A, B da kuma C.

A: lu'u-lu'u Tapered tip koli kwana 120˚, canja ikon total canzawa tsoma - 60 kgf, HRA. karatu lafiya kayayyakin, mafi yawa rentals.

C: kamar lu'u-lu'u mazugi, tsara don matsakaicin karfi na 150 kgf, HRC, shi ne m ga m kuma ya taurare kayan.

B: ball size of 1,588 mm, sanya na taurare karfe ko na tukuru carbide-tungsten gami, load - 100 kgf, HRB, ake amfani da su tantance da taurin annealed kayayyakin.

Blob-tip (1.588 mm) ne dace da sikelin Rockwell B, F, G. E sikelin kuma wanzu, H, K, domin wanda aka yi amfani da wani ball diamita na 3,175 mm (Gost 9013-59).

Yawan samfurori yi ta amfani da wani Rockwell taurin magwajin a cikin wannan yankin da aka iyakance ta da girman da abubuwa. Reusable bincike a cikin yankin 3-4 diamita daga baya nakasawa sarari. A kauri daga cikin gwajin kayayyakin da kuma kayyade. Yana dole ne ta kasance ƙasa da 10 sau ƙara shigar azzakari cikin farji zurfi daga cikin tip.

MISALI zane-zane da:

50HRC - ƙarfe Rockwell taurin, auna ta amfani da lu'u-lu'u tip, ta lambar da yake daidai da 50.

Shirin bincike kan Rockwell sikelin

karfe taurin ji ne mafi Saukake fiye da tsari ga Brinell.

1. Evaluation na girma da kuma halaye na workpiece surface.
2. Duba daga serviceability na na'urar.
3. Tabbatar da dalilin tip irin da kaya iya aiki.
4. Installing da samfurin.
5. Aiwatar da primary kokarin a kan abu, size of 10 kgf.
6. Aiwatar da cikakken yarda kokarin.
7. Karanta wani Karbar buga lambar a kan sikelin.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu ilmin lissafi lissafi domin a daidai ƙayyade inji siga.

A karkashin yanayin amfani da wani lu'u-lu'u mazugi ciwon kaya na 60 kgf, ko 150:

HR = 100 - ((HH) / 0,002.

lokacin yin gwajin da ball karkashin karfi na 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((HH) / 0,002,

inda h - zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin indenter a cikin primary karfi na 10 kgf. H - shigar azzakari cikin farji zurfin da indenter karkashin cikakken kaya. 0,002 - factor gudãnar da adadin motsi na tip lokacin da yawan taurin by 1 naúrar.

Rockwell Hanyar ne mai sauki, amma ba daidai. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ba ka damar auna inji kaddarorin wuya karafa da kuma gami.

Details na Vickers dabara

Tabbatar da dalilin da taurin karafa ta wannan hanya ne mafi kawai da sosai. Taurin dogara ne a kan indentation a cikin samfurin lu'u-lu'u pyramidal tip.

Main Features:

1. A indenter: lu'u-lu'u dala tare da wani koli kwana 136 °.
2. Matsakaicin canja kaya: for alloyed Cast baƙin ƙarfe da karfe - 5-100 kgf. domin jan gami - 2.5-50 kg. domin aluminum da kuma ta gami - 1-100 kgf.
3. Exposure Period canzawa kaya: 10 zuwa 15 seconds.
4. Test kayan: karfe da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa da taurin 450-500 HB, ciki har da samfurin bayan thermochemical magani.

MISALI zane-zane da:

700HV20 / 15,

cikinsa 700HV - Vickers taurin lambar; 20 - load 20 kg. 15 - a lokacin rikicewar o} arin 15.

A jerin binciken Vickers

A hanya ne musamman Sauki.

1. Duba samfurin da kuma kayan aiki. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa cikakken bayani game da surface.
2. Zabi canja kokarin.
3. Shigarwa na gwajin abu.
4. An fara taurin a cikin aiki.
5. Karanta sakamakon a kan kira na sauri.

Ilmin Lissafi lissafi da wannan hanya ne kamar haka:

HV = 1,8544 * (F / d ^2),

inda F - Load, kgf. d - da talakawan tamanin da tsawo na diagonals na indentation a mm.

Yana ba ka damar auna high taurin karfe, bakin ciki da kuma kananan sassa, yayin da samar da high daidaituwa da sakamakon.

Hanyoyin da mika mulki tsakanin Sikeli

Bayan kayyade diamita na buga tare da taimakon musamman kayan aiki, za ka iya amfani da tebur domin sanin taurin. Table taurin karafa - tabbatar da mataimakin a lissafi na inji siga. Saboda haka, idan ka san Brinell, za a iya readily sanin da ya dace yawan Vickers ko Rockwell.

Misalai na wasu dace dabi'u:

A diamita na indentation, mm	Hanyar bincike
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		A	C	B
3,90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60,8	20,3	96,7	218
4.20	206	59,6	17,9	94,6	206
4,99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

Table taurin karafa dogara ne a kan gwaji data, kuma yana da high daidaituwa. Akwai ma wani jadawali na Brinell taurin na carbon abun ciki a cikin baƙin ƙarfe-carbon gami. Kamar wancan ne, daidai da irin dependencies ga karfe ga adadin carbon a cikin abun da ke ciki daidai 0.2% shi da nawa to 130 HB.

zuwa samfurin da bukatun

A daidai da bukatun na baƙi, gwajin guda dole ne bi da wadannan halaye:

1. Girbi ya zama da santsi, m a kan tebur taurin, ta gefuna ya zama m, kuma a hankali a sarrafa.
2. A surface dole ne a m surface roughness. Ba dole ne a sanded da kuma tsabtace, ciki har da tare da taimakon sunadarai qagaggun. Lokaci guda, a lokacin da machining tsari, yana da muhimmanci a hana samuwar aiki hardening da kuma kyautata aiwatar da gado zazzabi.
3. A bangare kamata ta dace da zabi hanya domin kayyade taurin da parametric Properties.

Yin farko bukatun - wani da ake bukata kafun daidaito.

taurin karafa - mai muhimmanci da muhimman hakkokin inji dukiya da cewa gano su wasu daga cikin inji da fasaha halaye, sakamakon na baya machining matakai, da tasiri na wucin gadi dalilai, zai yiwu aiki yanayi. Nazarin selection dabara ya dogara da samfurin halaye nuni, ta sigogi da kuma sinadaran abun da ke ciki.