Practical Physics: photoemission

Duk yadda nisa da talakawan mutum a su a rayuwarsu ta kullum sau daya traversed da makaranta manhaja, shi ne mai ba-ba kuma za su yi game da kanka tuna. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru a lokacin da ta je sabon abu na photoemission.

definition

Photoeffect kimiyyar lissafi zaci jeri aiwatar electrons a cikin kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin, da abubuwa, wanda ya taso ya auku a lokacin da fallasa zuwa ga haske. A photoemission - wani tsari a cikin abin da electrons aka buga daga haske da irin wannan karfi da tashi bayan da matsanancin haddi a cikin littattafai.

Tarihi da Practice

A karo na farko a kan wannan ban mamaki gaskiya lura likita daga Jamus, Genrih Gerts a cikin m 1887. da bude daga cikin binciken da aka ci gaba abokin aiki Hertz, Rasha likita Stoletov. A baiwa, Einstein ɓullo da ka'idar da photoelectric sakamako dangane da ra'ayoyi na jimla kimiyyar lissafi. Tun photoemission karatu zurfi isa da kuma m, da kuma amfani da ilimi samu a cika a cikin zane da kuma yi na photovoltaic na'urorin dangane. Idan muka dauki mafi asali misali, wannan atomatik kofa ga gareji, yanã gudãna a kan hasken rana Kwayoyin.

Sassan da irin wannan aiki a kan na'urar samar da makamashi. Duk da haka, hasken rana Kwayoyin cewa amfani kawai waje photoeffect, fasalin makamashi samar a lokacin radiation zuwa na'urar ba gaba daya. Saboda haka, yin amfani da su kamar yadda kafofin wutar lantarki ne ba musamman ma'anar, ba za a ce game da aiki da kai. Shi ne da taimakon haske bim ya auku Associated haihuwarka a atomatik iko sunadaran.

Ba tare da ƙari, za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa gano photoelectric sakamako mai da gaske neman sauyi aukuwa a kimiyyar lissafi. A nan ne mafi muhimmanci na da nasa sakamakon:

• kafin masana kimiyya bayyana sirrin yanayin haske, hasken masaƙa.
• cinema daga shiru aka "magana" da aka ƙirƙira hanyoyi na murya, da kuma gaskiyar da canja wurin da motsi image kuma Ya sanya yiwu godiya ga photoelectric sakamako.
• halittar kan photoelectric na'urorin irin inji da kuma "mai kaifin inji" cewa, ba da sigogi na sassa daban-daban suna sanya ba tare da ɗan adam baki.
• wani jam'i na daban-daban sunadaran bisa photoelectron aiki da kai.

Saboda haka, sosai amfani da photoelectric sakamako, kuma ya zama nasara a hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani.

rarrabuwa na hasken rana Kwayoyin

Photo effects ya kasu kashi da dama iri, bisa ga dũkiyarsu da kuma ayyuka.

1. A waje photoelectric sakamako (a cikin wasu kalmomi - photoelectron watsi). A electrons da cewa an jefarwa waje da abu lõkacin da ta auku, an kira photoelectrons. Kuma da lantarki, sun samar da lokacin da wani ma'ana a tafi a waje lantarki filin, aka kira photocurrent.
2. Ciki photoelectric sakamako, influencing da photoconductive abu. Yana faruwa a lokacin electrons an sake rabawa a kan semiconductors da insulators dangane da makamashi Jihar tari da kuma - mai ɗamfarar ko ruwa. redistribution abu ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar haske. Yana nan qara lantarki watsin da wani abu, Ina nufin, shi dai itace sakamakon photoconductivity.
3. Bawul photoelectric sakamako - gwamnatin rikon kwarya a photoelectrons daga jikinsu a cikin wasu daskararru (semiconductors) ko ruwa (electrolyte).

External photoelectric sakamako ne tushen da aikin na zamani injin photocells. Suna kerarre a gilashin flask a wadda ciki surface aka partially mai rufi da bakin ciki Layer na ƙarfe shaida. A kadan Layer kauri samar da wani kananan aikin fitarwa. M taga wuce ciki da haske kwan fitila da kuma located a cikin shi da anode a cikin nau'i na waya madaukai ko gumãkan Disc photoelectrons. Idan anode haɗa da kyau iyakacin duniya na baturi, shi rufe da kewaye, shi da ke kan lantarki. watau Injin hasken rana Kwayoyin iya kunna ko kashe da gudun ba da sanda.

By hada hasken rana Kwayoyin da zango, za ka iya ƙirƙirar wani iri-iri na "ganin" inji, misali, cikin na'ura a jirgin karkashin kasa.

Saboda haka, ana aza a tushen yawa masana'antu tafiyar matakai, da waje photoelectric sakamako kamar yadda mai girma jiki binciken sun key ga nasara aiki na masana'antu aiki da kai.