Biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta. Wurare dabam dabam abubuwa da juyin halitta biosphere

Biogenic hijirarsa na atoms - shi ne na musamman irin wurare dabam dabam a cikin yanayin sinadaran abubuwa da ke faruwa a kudi na m tafiyar matakai na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A karkashin rayuwar gane su numfashi, abinci mai gina jiki, haifuwa, jari da kuma bazuwar kwayoyin abubuwa.

Mene ne Muciya

The duniya-sanannen Academician VI Vernadsky karo na farko ya gabatar da ra'ayi na biosphere. Ya deciphered shi a matsayin rai harsashi na Duniya. Wannan yanki na rai kuwa shi ne sakamakon da hulda da rai, kuma maras rai abubuwa. A wannan yanayin, duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne babban aiki na biosphere da related a duk yiwu hanyoyi.

Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne mai tarin dukan rai al'amari a duniya a halin yanzu da aka sani. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa nauyi, makamashi da kuma elemental sinadaran abun da ke ciki.

A cewar Vernadsky ce cewa duk mai rai al'amari ne alaka da yanayi igiyoyin kwayoyin halitta, biogenic hijirarsa abin da ya auku saboda tasirin hasken rana.

Babban ayyuka na biosphere ne haifuwa, girma da kuma metabolism na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Muhimmai daga biogenic hijirarsa

Biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta ne da aka nuna a cikin nau'i na wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a yanayi. Kira biogenic abubuwa da cewa suna da hannu a cikin wannan tsari. Wadannan sun hada da abubuwa kamar oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, manganese, tutiya, alli, potassium, da kuma da yawa wasu inorganic mahadi.

A gaskiya, a cikin yanayi akwai wata babbar adadin isotopes da sunadarai abubuwa, amma ba dukan su ba suna ɓangare na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

An sani cewa duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da musamman alama don tara sinadaran abubuwa da su mahadi. A lokaci guda wani ɓangare na rayuwa za a iya gani ba kawai tartsatsi abubuwa, amma kuma sosai rare. Abin yana da ban sha'awa, da taro a cikin rai al'amari ne da ya fi yadda a kewaye yankin. Alal misali, shuke-shuke dauke da ɗari biyu sau fiye da carbon fiye da ya qunshi wani ɓawon burodi, da talatin sau da yawa nitrogen.

A wannan yanayin, kowane jinsin halittu yana da wata lambar daban na sinadaran abubuwa. Ga misali, da baƙin ƙarfe kwayoyin tara a kansu wata babbar adadin da baƙin ƙarfe, yayin da rhizomes tara alli da tsiren ruwan teku - aidin.

Biogenic hijirarsa kwayoyin halitta take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta iya bambanta valence da sinadaran abubuwa. Kazalika da sabon iri da sinadarai suna kafa. Aƙalla arba'in fi shahara ma'adanai suna tsunduma a cikin wannan tsari, a matsayin biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta. Kuma wani mutum da yake da wani kai tsaye tabbatarwa.

Dokar biogenic hijirarsa na atoms

Wannan dokar gabatar Vernadsky, kuma yana da muhimmanci sosai msar tambayar da m muhimmanci. A cewar shi, duk da sunadarai matakai cewa faru a wannan duniya tamu, suna da nasaba, tare da ba da baya aiki na kwayoyin da suke ba zai yiwu ba tare da shan la'akari gina jiki da kuma biotic dalilai. Har ila yau, a nan za a iya dangana ga tasirin juyin tafiyar matakai.

Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa mutane da sosai babban tasiri a kan biosphere na Duniya, musamman a ta rai mutane, saboda haka suna iya yin gagarumin canje-canje ga wannan wani tsari, kamar yadda biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta a cikin biosphere.

A cewar wannan doka, kowace halitta mai rai ne da wani ke tsakiya tsakanin Sun kuma Duniya. A daidai wannan lokaci, ba cikin akai akai rana da kuma gwada da m makamashi na duniya, za mu iya kammala da cewa, adadin rai al'amari dole ne m. Irin wannan fasalin ya sifanta Vernadsky a cikin ayyukansu.

Game da biogeochemical hawan keke

Biogeochemical hawan keke - wannan shi ne na musamman wurare dabam dabam na sunadarai a Muciya. Nan da hukunci irin rawa da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Ga rayuwar dukkan halitta mai rai kwayoyin bukatar wasu na gina jiki da za su iya bayar da rayuwa. Akwai kungiyoyin biyu na abubuwa: makrotrofy da mikrotrofy.

By makrotrofnym abubuwa sun hada da irin aka gyara abin da haifar da sinadaran tushen duk da kyallen takarda rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan sun hada da potassium, alli, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, magnesium da kuma sauran abubuwa.

Amma ga mikrotrofnym abubuwa sun hada da abubuwan da alama su mahadi, dole ga wanzuwar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a sosai adadi kaɗan. Don gano abubuwa sun hada da tutiya, jan, manganese, chlorine, da na baƙin ƙarfe.

Bugu da kari, duk biogenic ko gina jiki za a iya amfani da maimaitawa a cikin biosphere. Bayan biogenic ma'adanai reserves ba m. Wasu daga cikin su yawan alaka da wani ɓangare na rayuwa biomass. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, muhimmanci rage yawan abubuwa rage a cikin yanayin kasa.

Idan shuke-shuke da sauran halittu bai shiga a fadada tsari, da wadata da duk gina jiki a duniya zai yi tsawo tun tikis, ya kuma inganta rayuwar a duniyarmu zai yi tsawo tun daina.

Ka yi la'akari da yadda biogeochemical hawan keke na wasu abubuwa.

carbon sake zagayowar

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci carbon tushen ne carbon dioxide dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki na yanayi, da kuma narkewa a cikin ruwa. Wannan abu da ake amfani da tsire-tsire domin kira na gudanar da mahadi.

A lokacin tsari na photosynthesis, carbon dioxide ne iya canza shuke-shuke a gina jiki kwayoyin kayan cewa bauta a matsayin babban abinci dabbobi.

Irin wannan matakai kamar yadda man fetur konewa, fermentation da kuma numfasawa, suna iya komawa cikin abu a cikin muhalli. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da yanayi ya ƙunshi game da ɗari bakwai ya kai tan biliyan na abu, yayin da a cikin hydrosphere - game da dubu hamsin ya kai tan biliyan. A kowace shekara, a sakamakon aiwatar da photosynthesis girma na shuka al'amari a ruwa da kuma a kan ƙasar shi ne daya ɗari da tamanin da hamsin ya kai tan biliyan, bi da bi.

nitrogen sake zagayowar

Biogeochemical hawan keke na nitrogen auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban da kuma sinadaran nazarin halittu da tasirinsa. Alal misali, nitrate nitrogen za a iya tuba a cikin furotin, sa'an nan motsi a cikin urea cikin ammonia da kuma tuba da baya sake cikin nitrate form.

phosphorus sake zagayowar

A sauki biogeochemical hawan keke a cikin yanayi ne phosphorus sake zagayowar. Ya main reserves suna kunshe a cikin duwatsu wanda ake gittar da yashewa ba su phosphates daban-daban al'amarin.

Irin shuke-shuke suna amfani da phosphates, da kuma amfani da su haduwa kwayoyin abubuwa. Tsire-tsire ciyar a kan wasu kwayoyin. Saboda haka, a lokacin da suka mutu, kuma decompose, phosphates sake koma wa cikin ƙasa, kuma takin da ake amfani sake ga shuke-shuke.

Biogenic Principles of Vernadsky

Karkashin biogenic hijirarsa na atoms motsi sakankancẽwa abubuwa, kuma su dangane ikon haihuwarka yanayin kasa. A cewar Vernadsky, da biogenic hijirarsa ne batun uku da muhimmanci sosai ka'idojin. Ka yi la'akari da abin da masana kimiyya ce:

1. Biogenic hijirarsa ne ko da yaushe jihãdi ga kara ta bayyana.
2. All rai al'amari na biosphere ne a akai da kuma ci gaba da sinadaran musayar tare da halittu. Kazalika da aka halitta su kuma goyan bayan da makamashi na rana.
3. Juyin Halitta jinsuna, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da fitowan na sabon ci siffofin masu rai, results a cikin hanzari da biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta a cikin biosphere. Yana taimaka wa wannan m sinadaran hira abubuwa.

A ra'ayi na nazarin halittu sake zagayowar

Don rayuwa a duniya ci gaba da illa ma sha Allahu, duk kwayoyin halitta dole ne juya a cikin rufaffiyar kwana.

Halittu sake zagayowar - wannan ne kawai hanyar da na shirya rayuwa. Saboda rushewar duk kwayoyin, wasu kwayoyin samun su da abubuwan gina jiki. Saboda haka, kowane mai rai kwayoyin, ko da kuwa da irin, shi ne wata mahada a cikin wadata sarkar. Breaking up, dukkan halittu ba su da abubuwa zuwa wasu siffofin na rayuwa. Kada rashin sanin cikakken farashi da rawar da kwayoyin. Su tuba sharan dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke a cikin na asali kwayoyin abubuwa amfani da kore shuke-kira na sabon kwayoyin halitta.

A nazarin halittu sake zagayowar daga abubuwa bayar da sakamakon da rarrabuwa. Complex mahadi fara decompose, sakewa a lokaci guda, da makamashi, da hannun jari rasa bayanai, da kuma kafa sabon inorganics fara dukan sarkar sake. Saboda biosphere kwayoyin m na halitta kai.

Aiki na nazarin halittu sake zagayowar ake rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na daban-daban taxonomic kungiyoyin. Su sami damar sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar wani m iri-iri na sadarwa. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa duk mai rai al'amari na biosphere suna da hannu a cikin ta sake zagayowar abinci sarkar.

Abin da ayyuka suna yi da rai al'amari, a cikin biosphere

Dalili na biogenic hijirarsa na kwayoyin halitta dabba ba a kanta ta'allaka abubuwa. Saboda haka, da masana kimiyya bincikar duk da kaddarorin irin wannan hijira, iya zana karshe game da abin da ayyuka suna yi da duk mai rai al'amari a kan duniya duniya. Bari ta la'akari da su:

• Energy. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne iya tara gina jiki samu daga abinci ta hanyar da abinci sarkar.
• Sufuri. Kowane kwayoyin iya canja wurin wani Organic abu.

• Taro - kwayoyin tara gina jiki a cikin shakka daga rayuwarsu da kuma amfani da su a cikin tsarin da jiki.
• Yanayi-kafa. Duk abu mai rai ne iya maida da sinadaran da jiki sigogi na muhalli.
• Hallakaswa. Da hannu a cikin mineralization na inorganic abubuwa.

Ka'idar juyin halitta na da asalin rayuwa a duniya

Juyin Halitta za a iya kira komowar tarihi rayuwa canje-canje. Wannan ka'idar ta dogara ne a kan hudu ka'idodin:

1. Da wuce haddi a cikin zuriyata. All jinsunan halittu ninka sosai da sauri. Duk da haka, ba dukan 'ya'yan tsira, don haka da cewa duk da yawan jama'a ne barga.
2. A gwagwarmayar rayuwa kuma taimaka sarrafa yawan size.
3. A gaban qananan bambance-bambance. Tun da dukan masu rai mutane ne na musamman, wasu jinsunan da mafi damar na rayuwa, wasu kuwa kanana.
4. Gadar hali. A hereditary bayanai da aka ratsa iyaye su zuriya. Yanzu, godiya ga wasu hereditary bambance-bambance, wasu mutane ne iya yin rayuwa mai tsayi fiye da wasu.

binciken

Karkashin biogenic hijirarsa na atoms motsi sakankancẽwa abubuwa. Wannan tsari ne m, kuma shi ne cyclical, don haka rayuwa a duniya wanzu kuma da mu sau. A sakamakon ƙwazo aiki na duk mutum m matakai a duniya fara dakushewa.