Non-ferrous karafa: siffofin da kuma yankunan da amfani. Processing na ba-ferrous karafa

Non-ferrous karafa da su gami suna yadu amfani da masana'antu. Na su zõ da kayan aiki, kayan aiki, kayan, da kuma yi yi. Aikace-aikace Suna ko da samu a cikin art, kamar domin gina Monuments da sculptures. Mene ne maras ferrous karafa? Abin da siffofin kada su mallaka? Bari mu sami shi.

Menene karafa?

A farkon nazarin mai suna "ƙarfe" ya hada har da ma'adanai da kuma tama, ka raba da ra'ayi fara kawai a cikin XVI karni. Metals - ne mai sauki abubuwa da suka mallaka wasu halaye. Babban halaye ne thermal watsin da lantarki watsin, ductility, ƙarfe Sheen, high plasticity da ƙarfi lokaci guda.

A lokaci-lokaci Table wadanda ake zargin sun hada da 94 kashi. Chemical Properties, sun kasu kashi alkaline, tsaka, haske, lanthanides, actinides, Semi-karafa, da kuma sauransu. D. karkashin al'ada yanayi, su ne da farko a cikin m jihar.

Daya daga cikin mafi rare karfe don amfani - baƙin ƙarfe. Gami dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, da ake kira ferrous karafa, a cikin masana'antu da suka zauna a raba alkuki masana'antu. Wadannan sun hada da gami kamar baƙin ƙarfe da karfe. Domin ferrous karafa an wani lokaci ake magana chromium da manganese. Wasu kuma suna canza launin.

Non-ferrous karafa

Wannan irin ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "ba ferrous" karafa. Idan aka kwatanta da baki, su ne ba sosai saukin kamuwa da ya sa, suna da wani babban juriya da kuma wuta juriya. Non-ferrous karafa ne mafi m da kuma sauki aiwatar. Suna iya samar da acid-resistant gami.

Sun kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin, dangane da jiki Properties da kuma ruwan dare. Saboda haka, akwai nauyi da haske karafa. A nasa ne da farko gubar, da kuza, Mercury, tutiya, da kuma na biyu - magnesium, beryllium, lithium kuma aluminum. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten halin a matsayin mai tsaurin.

Ware a matsayin rare da daraja karafa. The rare da dangantaka Tantalite, molybdenum, radium, thorium. Su ne ba sosai na kowa a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, kuma su aiki ne da wuya. Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ko daraja karafa ne cikakken ba tsatsa, kuma suna da wani musamman luster. Sun gabatar da zinariya, platinum, da azurfa, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Processing da kuma masana'antu

Hakar da kuma aiki na ba-ferrous karafa bukatar albarkatu fiye da baƙin ƙarfe magani, kamar suna da yawa rarer. A ores yawanci dauke da har zuwa 5% na m wakili da aka yi amfani a masana'antu. Nan da nan bayan hakar tama enriching, raba shi daga gangue, ƙara da karfe abun ciki.

Next, shi ne hõre daban-daban tafiyar matakai don canza masu girma dabam, siffofi, halaye. A Hanyar matakai da kuma aiki dabaru ne dogara a kan manufar da aka nufa. Non-ferrous karafa iya hada su gyare-gyaren, latsa, bisa ƙirƙira, waldi, da sauransu. D. Ga wasu daga cikin halayen da ake gauraya ta da juna. Mafi fi sanin gami ake yi na Anodized aluminum, babbitt, da tagulla, silumin, tagulla.

A mafi m masana'antu ba ferrous karafa - aluminum da kuma jan. Su ƙera Rasha, Amurka, Italiya, Jamus, Japan, Australia, da kuma Latin Amurka. Mafi jan mahakar a Chile. Guinea a kasuwannin duniya shugaba a samar da haƙar a samar da gubar - Austria, tin - Indonesia. Afirka ta Kudu mukamansu farko a samar da zinariya da azurfa mined a Mexico.

A amfani da karafa

Non-ferrous karafa da su gami ne m kayan. A rayuwar yau da kullum, a kowace rana mu yi aiki da su su. Na su sanya kofa iyawa, tukwane, kafaffu, kuma dijital gida kayan, furniture, fitilu kuma mafi.

Suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin shiri na sassa daban-daban da kuma kayan aikin. Daga waɗanda sanya daga waya, sukurori, kwayoyi, sukurori, kusoshi, sa tsare faranti na daban-daban masu girma dabam, makada, da zanen gado da kuma shambura.

Non-ferrous karafa su dace da yi da manyan kayan aiki, ana haka a yi amfani da tsaro masana'antu. Suna da yawa m fiye da baƙin ƙarfe, don haka amfani da inda ake bukata ƙarfi ne, kuma lightness a lokaci guda, kamar motoci, jiragen ruwa, submarines da kuma jirgin sama.

Copper da ake amfani a gine-gine, a lokacin da Manufacturing bututu. Domin karko shi ne kara wa zinariya a ado yi. Gubar da aka kara wa tawada, shi da ake amfani da wayoyi, don yi na harsasai da kuma bama-bamai. A lithium ake bukata domin samar da Alkali batura ga kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta a Electronics, to magunguna.

Features da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Mafi na kowa karfe a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi - aluminum. Daga cikin dukan bude abubuwa ne na uku, bayan oxygen da kuma silicon. A bambanci ga shi can ne rare karfe rhenium a cikin yanayi, mai suna bayan da Jamusanci kogin Rhine.

Lithium ne lightest. Yana yana da wani low yawa, don haka ko da gudãna, a kananzir. Lithium ne mai guba, kuma Yanã konewa a kan fata da kuma hangula. An adana a musamman flasks tare da ma'adinai da man fetur ko paraffin.

Mai dauke da tsaurin tungsten. Yana iya narke a zazzabi sama 3422 digiri Celsius tafasa - a 5555 digiri. Godiya ga wannan alama shi da ake amfani da filament a haske kwararan fitila da kinescopes.