Harin roka engine: gwajin da aiki manufa, da abũbuwan amfãni

Space bincike da aka involuntarily hade da kumbon sama jannati. A zuciya na wani jefa abin hawa ne da engine. Ya dole ne samar da farko cosmic gudun - game 7.9 km / s ya sadar da 'yan saman jannati zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma wani na biyu sarari, cin nasara da gravitational filin na duniya. Wannan ba sauki, amma masana kimiyya suna kullum neman sabon hanyoyin da za a warware wannan matsala. Designers na Rasha ya dauki wani mataki kara da sun iya ci gaba harin roka engine, wanda gwaje-gwaje da aka kammala cikin nasara. Wannan nasara za a iya kira a real nasara a filin daga sarari aikin injiniya.

sabon fasali

Me fasa injuna da high tsammanin? Bisa ga masana kimiyya, da himmarsu, zai zama 10 dubu. Times fiye da damar data kasance roka injuna. A wannan yanayin, za su cinye yawa kasa da man fetur, da kuma su samar da zai rarrabe low-cost da kudin-tasiri. Mene ne dalilin da?

Duk da al'amarin a cikin man fetur hadawan abu da iskar shaka dauki. Idan amfani da zamani da makamai masu linzami deflagration tsari - m (subsonic) konewa na man fetur a gaba da matsa lamba, da harin roka engine aiki saboda da fashewa, harin na combustible cakuda. Yana ƙone a supersonic gudun da a saki babbar yawa zafi lokaci guda tare da yada wani tura kalaman. Ci gaba da kuma gwaji na Rasha version na fasa engine da aka tsunduma cikin wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman "fasa LRE" a cikin masana'antu hadaddun "Energomash".

The magabaci daga cikin sabon injuna

Nazarin da kuma ci gaban fasa injuna suna tsunduma cikin duniya ta manyan masana kimiyya domin shekaru 70. Babban dalilin hana halittar irin wannan engine ne uncontrolled maras wata-wata ƙonewa na man fetur. Har ila yau, a kan ajanda ne aiki na m hadawa da man fetur da kuma oxidizer, da kuma hadewa da bututun ƙarfe da kuma iska ci. Magance wadannan matsalolin za su iya haifar da wani harin roka engine, wanda bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla zai cimma lokaci. A cikin wannan hali, masana kimiyya kira irin amfanin:

1. A ikon ci gaba a cikin wani subsonic gudu da hypersonic kewayo.
2. An togiya don tsara shirin da yawa motsi sassa.
3. Ƙananan nauyi da kudin na da ikon shuka.
4. High thermodynamic yadda ya dace.

Kasuwanci, da irin wannan injuna suna samar. An farko-gwada a kan low tashi da jirgin sama a 2008. Fasa engine ga roka da aka farko gwada ta Rasha masana kimiyya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan taron ne ba sosai muhimmanci.

Manufa na aiki: m da pulsed

A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya suna tasowa shuke-shuke da pulsed da kuma ci gaba da aikace-aikace. The aiki manufa na fasa da roka engine tare da bugun jini kewaye aiki dogara ne a kan cyclic cika da konewa jam'iyya da combustible cakuda kunna da ta bi da bi saki na konewa kayayyakin a cikin muhalli. Daidai, a ci gaba da aiki tsari na man fetur an ciyar a cikin konewa jam'iyya ci gaba, da man fetur da aka kone a daya ko fiye fasa tãguwar ruwa wanda ci gaba da kewaya fadin kwarara. A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan injuna su ne:

1. A guda man fetur ƙonewa.
2. A gwada da sauki zane.
3. Kananan girma da kuma nauyi saituna.
4. More ingantaccen amfani da man fetur cakuda.
5. A low matakin na amo, vibration da kuma kima.

A cikin dogon lokaci, ta amfani da wadannan abũbuwan amfãni, ruwa roka engine fasa ci gaba da kewaye aiki zai maye gurbin duk data kasance shigarwa saboda da nauyi da kuma size, da kuma kudin halaye.

Test fasa engine

A farko gwajin fasa cikin gida shigarwa ya faru a cikin tsarin na aikin kafa da ma'aikatar ilimi da kuma Science. A wani gwajin samfurin da aka sallama a cikin wani karamin engine tare da konewa jam'iyya diamita na 100 mm da nisa da annular tashar ne 5 mm. Gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi a kan wani musamman tsayawar, gyarawa sigogi idan aiki a kan daban-daban na man fetur cakuda - hydrogen, oxygen, iskar gas-oxygen, propane-oxygen da kuma butane.

Gwaje-gwaje fasa da roka engine a kan oxygen-hydrogen man fetur ya tabbatar da cewa thermodynamic sake zagayowar daga wadannan tsire-tsire da 7% fi dacewa fiye da lokacin da yin amfani da sauran tsarin. Bugu da ari, shi aka gwaje tabbatar da cewa da kara adadin kawota man fetur ƙaruwa, da kuma dirka, da kuma yawan fasa tãguwar ruwa da mita na juyawa.

Takwarorinsu a wasu kasashen

Developing fasa injuna da masana kimiyya daga cikin manyan kasashe na duniya. A mafi girma nasarorin a cikin wannan yankin suka kai zanen kaya daga Amurka. A su model, sun aiwatar da wani m Hanyar aiki ko juyawa. Rundunar sojojin Amurka ta shirya ya yi amfani da saituna don surface jirãge. Saboda karami kuma nauyi kananan girma a high ikon bayar da su taimaka wajen kara yadda ya dace da fama jirgin ruwan.

Stoichiometric cakuda hydrogen da oxygen ta amfani da American harin roka engine domin ta aiki. A abũbuwan amfãni daga irin wannan iko tushen farko tattalin arziki - oxygen aka combusted kamar yadda cewa da ake bukata domin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na hydrogen. Yanzu ga warships carbon-tushen habaka, da gwamnatin {asar Amirka ne jawabin da dama dala biliyan. Stoichiometric man fetur zai rage halin kaka ta sau da yawa.

Future kwatance da kuma al'amurra na ci gaba

New data samu daga gwajin fasa injuna, ƙaddara aikace-aikace na m hanyoyin da shiri na makirci na aiki a kan ruwa man fetur. Duk da haka, domin aiki na irin wannan Motors za a high zafi juriya saboda da manyan adadin zafi saki. A halin yanzu ana ci gaba na musamman shafi, wanda zai tabbatar da cika na konewa jam'iyya karkashin high zazzabi daukan hotuna. The musamman wuri a cikin bincike kuma kafa daukan hadawa kawunansu, ta hanyar abin da zai yiwu a samu wani qaddara droplet size na man fetur abu da kuma maida hankali da kuma abun da ke ciki. Bisa ga shawarar da wadannan batutuwan fasa sabon ruwa roka engine za a halitta, wadda za ta zama dalilin wani sabon aji na m roka.