Kwarangwal na wani mutum hannunka: tsarin. Human kwarangwal na hannunka

Kwarangwal na wani mutum hannu za a iya raba 4 sassan. A babba sashi ne na sama reshe. Wadannan sun hada da scapula da clavicle. Next zo da ainihin ilimin Halittar Jiki kafada, t. E. The sashe na humerus. A gaba sashe yana dauke da hannu da dantse, kunsha na ulna da radius. Last - kashi mafitsara. Kwarangwal na hagu shi ne wani madubi image na dama kwarangwal.

Overview batutuwa

Ka yi la'akari da hannu kwarangwal ga kowane sashe. Clavicle da scapula ne juna, da kuma tare da su na sama hannu haɗu da ball hadin gwiwa. Amma ba kawai humerus shiga su. Suna aiki ne kamar abin da aka makala maki ga tsokoki da suke da alhakin yunkuri na hannu.

Next ya zo kai tsaye humerus. Don shi ne a haɗe a fadin gwiwar hannu radius da ulna. Recent m zumunta da juna. A matsayi na hannunka a lokacin da dabino ta ciki, a layi daya zuwa kashi, amma wajibi ne a kunna hannu a gaba kamar yadda suka matsawa da kuma rarraba.

Kwarangwal na hannun tsarin ne mafi rikitarwa. Ya kunshi 27 ƙasũsuwa. Wadannan abubuwa suna kara zuwa kashi da dama kungiyoyin: da wuyan hannu, da kuma phalanges pastern, a haɗa ta hanyar interphalangeal gidajen abinci. Yana da wuya daga cikin tsarin da kuma damar da hannunka a matsayin m da kere. Za ka iya amfani da shi don yin wani m aiki tare da inji aiki, amma, kuma ba ka damar cika lafiya madaidaici ƙungiyoyi.

The cikakken tsarin da kafada abin ɗamara

Kwarangwal hannu a kafada abin ɗamara wakilta scapula da clavicle. Shi ne yankin na su location da kuma dangane da humerus da kafada da aka kira a gida. Duk da haka, shi ne anatomically kafada humerus, kuma ya ce abubuwa sun dauki babba bel ƙwarai. Amma, idan akai la'akari da kwarangwal na wani mutum hannunka, tsarin dole ne a karanta a tare da tare da kafada abin ɗamara, muhimmanci da shafi da ayyuka.

kafada

Shebur - lebur kashi daga baya. Yana yana da wani triangular siffar da babba, a kaikaice da kuma tsakiya gefuna da kuma ƙananan, babba da kuma a kaikaice gefuna. An bayar da wata thickened kaikaice kwana na articular kogo, da kuma inda akwai hadin gwiwa tare da scapula kai ayi a gaba sashe na humerus. Kawai sama da kududdufai located wuyansa ruwa, wanda kama wani ƙunci ta location. Glenoid rami ne ma kewaye da hillocks - subarticular da epiarticular.

Ruwa kanta tana da yawan concave surface - podlopatnuyu rami - in haƙarƙari yanki daga thorax. Amma a baya surface yana da wani kashin baya da cewa gudanar tare da ruwa daga ciki baki zuwa matsanancin kusurwa. A garesu na kashin baya ware supraspinatus da infraspinatus fossa, inda tsokoki suna haɗe da wannan sunayen. Wannan fitowa waje a Awn located sama da kafada hadin gwiwa kafada appendage kira acromion. Wani ruwa sanye take da coracoid, ta gaba da hidima ga abin da aka makala na jijiyoyin da tsokoki.

karankarma

Clavicle kashi ne tubular, mai lankwasa S-dimbin yawa. Yana da wani kwance matsayi, shi ne a saman gaba, na daga cikin kirji a kusa da wuyansa. Sternum tsakiya karshen ne a haɗe zuwa sternum, kuma a kaikaice acromion an haɗa da scapula. Har ila yau Dutsen samar da tsokoki da jijiyoyin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa gaban roughness a kan kasa surface, wato line kuma tubercle.

A tsarin da kafada

A kan kafada bel ke kai tsaye zuwa cikin kwarangwal na hannun mutum. A kafada da aka kafa ta humerus. Wannan tubular kashi, taso keya a giciye sashe tare da wani babba gefen kuma wani triangular kusa zuwa ƙasa. A saman karshen lashe kai a cikin nau'i na yammancin duniya, wadda ke fuskantar wajen ruwa. A kai a can articular surface. Just a kasa ne anatomic wuyansa ƙasũsuwa da biyu tubercles for tsoka da aka makala. M fuskantar mafi girma tuberosity da agara ne kananan. Kowane kunya ke sauka, amma tsakanin shi da tubercles da tsagi ga nassi na jijiya. A narrowest wurin kashi da aka kira da m wuyansa.

A jikin kira kashi diaphysis. Deltoid tuberosity a kan ta matsanancin surface tsara don abin da aka makala na deltoid tsoka. A raya surface aka yi wa ado da kwarin kunya na radial jijiya da cewa gudanar da dan kadan karkace.

A distal karshen ne ƙananan epiphysis na kashi. Akwai aka kafa condyle da articular surface, inda kashi an haɗa zuwa gaba sashe. humerus block - tsakiya na hadin gwiwa cewa ta haɗu da ulna. A kaikaice ɓangare na mai siffar zobe siffar - shugaban condyle - haɗu da radius. A cikin block biyu ramukan an bayar, inda iznin matakai na ulna a hannun ƙungiyoyi, aka kira su coronal ramukan da olecranon. Har ila yau a kusa da distal karshen akwai epicondyles (a kaikaice da kuma tsakiya), wanda aka makala jijiyoyin da tsokoki.

A tsarin da gwiwar hannu da hannu da dantse

A hannu da dantse shi ne rabo daga cikin reshe daga gwiwar hannu zuwa wuyan hannu. A rayuwar yau da kullum, wannan bangare ne sau da yawa ake kira da gwiwar hannu, ciki har da yin amfani da matsayin ma'auni. A gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa kunshi da ulna da radius daga hannu da dantse, kuma humerus kanta. Kwarangwal hannayensu daga cikin sashen gabatar da ulna da radius. Suna da alaka da m: Ray samu damar juya a kusa da gwiwar hannu da hannu motsi. Tare da wannan goga za a iya juya su har zuwa 180º.

ulna

Ulna trehgranna form. Thickened babba karshen, shi ne bayar da wani gaban trochlear daraja ga m tare da humerus. A kaikaice gefen katako ƙare tenderloin, wanda ake bukata don ka haɗa da shugaban na biyu hannu kashi - masaƙa. A garesu na trochlear daraja tafi jijiyoyin zuciya agara tsari da kuma na baya ulna. A karkashin gaban appendage yana tuberosity for attaching da kafada tsokoki. A distal ƙananan karshen wannan kashi ne da kai. Articular surface hidima ga sanarwa akan abinda tare da radius daga cikin radial gefe daga gare ta. Har ila yau shugaban na ulna styloid aiwatar da aka bayar tare da raya baki.

radius

Radius samu thickening a ƙananan karshen, ba a saman, kamar yadda a cikin gwiwar hannu. A saman ne shugaban da radius, wanda zai bari ka haɗa da kafada. A babba surface na shugaban yana da wani rami wanda wajibi ne ga maha? Ar ayi a wata humerus shugaban condyle. Articular karkara tare gefen da shugaban damar haɗi zuwa ulna. The shugaban da aka quntata saukar, za a wuyansa na radius. A ciki gefen wuyansa kawai a kasa da tuberosity damar karfafa biceps tsoka na hannu na jijiya.

Ƙananan karshen kashi da aka bayar tare da carpal articular surface haɗa da sashen da wani goga. Akwai kuma wani styloid tsari, ta waje, da kuma cikin ciki na gwiwar hannu da aka yanka, tsara za a guda biyu tare da mu Game da shugaban na ulna. Har ila yau, hannunka kwarangwal a wannan lokaci ya ƙunshi wata iyaka interosseous sarari kewaye tsakanin kaifafan gefuna na hannu da dantse ƙasũsuwa.

hannu

Human kwarangwal na hannun raba da wuyan hannu, pasterns da yatsun kafa da kansu. Kowane sashen da aka yi sama da yawan kashi da kuma hadin gwiwa motsi. Wannan tsarin ba ka damar yin wani iri-iri ayyuka hannuwa, deftly da sauri aiki ko da kananan details.

wuyan hannu

Kwarangwal na hannun ta fara da wuyan hannu. An located kawai takwas kasũsuwa, ashe, cikin kananan size da kuma sababbu a siffar. Wannan spongy kashi. Suna shirya a jeri biyu. Ga ware pisiform, triangular, lunate da scaphoid ƙasusuwan daya jere da kuma na biyu da ƙugiya-up, capitatum, trapezoid da polygonal. A farko jere ne proximal articular surface for sanarwa akan abinda da ake so radius. Layi na biyu - distal hadin gwiwa guda biyu zuwa ga na farko sababbu siffar.

Located in daban-daban jirage, wuyan hannu ƙasũsuwa samar da wata da ake kira kwarin kunya wuyan hannu na dabino da a baya gefe alama convexity. Daga kwarin kunya daga cikin wuyan hannu tendons ne da alhakin aiki na flexor tsokoki.

metacarpus

Metacarpus kafa biyar metacarpal ƙasũsuwa. Wannan tubular kasũsuwa, ashe, kunsha na jiki, wani tushe da kuma wani shugaban. Human kwarangwal na hannun halin mai girma adawa tsakanin yatsa da kuma sauran mafi kyau na ta ci gaba, wanda muhimmanci ƙara da yiwuwar wani reshe. The yatsa ne guntu, amma mafi m kashi. Dan Lido data sansanonin an haɗa ka da wuyan hannu kashi. Articular surface yayin ga m yatsunsu suna da wani sirdi siffar, da kuma sauran wakilci articular surface na lebur irin. Ragowa hemispherical articular surface na metacarpal kashi to connect phalanges.

yatsunsu

Yatsa ƙasũsuwa an hada da biyu ko uku phalanges: biyu sanya na farko, da kuma sauran - a cikin uku. phalanges tsawon rage-rage tare da kara nisa daga pastern. Kowane phalanx kunshi sassa uku: a jiki tare da wani tushe da kuma shugaban ƙare. Phalanx kawo karshen articular saman qarishe biyu, saboda bukatar da articular ƙasũsuwan da kara mahadi.

Tsakanin proximal phalanx da metacarpal kashi na babban (na farko) yatsa akwai sesamoid kasũsuwa, ashe, tendons boye. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani lokacin da mutum gini hannunka: goga kwarangwal za a iya kara da sauran abubuwa. Sesamoid ƙasũsuwa iya zama a cikin wannan wuri a na biyu da na biyar yatsunsu. Wadannan abubuwa (kazalika zuwa kashi matakai) a haɗe tsokoki.