Submarine "Lada", aikin 677

Ayyukan soji a cikin tẽku da wani taro na asali siffofin. Ba abin mamaki ba da na sojan ruwa da sabis ya ko da yaushe aka dauke musamman mai daraja, da kuma sunan "Admiral" kusan ko da yaushe mai daraja ya fi generals. Daya daga cikin siffofin da yaƙi a kan ruwa ne cewa za ka iya ko da yaushe jira wani hari ba kawai a kan wani ɓangare na abokan gaba surface jirgi da jirgin sama, amma kuma daga ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Jamus submarines kasance real mafarki mai ban tsoro ga masõya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, aika miliyoyin ton na kaya da kuma dubban jiragen ruwa kasa na Atlantic. Tarayyar Soviet ya yaba da Jamusanci taimako ga ci gaban da submarine jiragen ruwa, da suka fara a cikin postwar lokaci m ci gaba a cikin wannan shugabanci.

Lokacin da sabawa da kalmar "submarine" a mafi yawan mutane da zarar akwai wata kungiya tare da wata babbar submarine jirgin ruwa dauke da m kaya a jirgi a cikin nau'i na nauyi ballistic makamai masu linzami, m ya zo da wata babbar matsala m abokin gaba. A lokaci guda talakawa mutane manta da cewa a cikin zamani Navy babu kasa mai muhimmanci ne kananan dizal-lantarki submarines. Su ne ba makawa a gaskiya subversive, ga gefen saukowa a kan abokan gaba tudu.

"Lada" daya daga cikin mafi nasara ayyukan shi ne submarine. Game da shi a yau kuma za mu faɗa.

Overview

667 Kotun aikin yi nufin gudanar da bincike da kuma ɓarna da gangan ayyukan da surface jirgi da submarines na abokan gaba, kare jihar bakin teku yankunan daga maƙiyi hari, kazalika da samar da minefields da kuma sauran irin wannan matsaloli. Saboda haka, submarine "Lada", wanda yana da wani photo a cikin labarin ne optimally dace da ayyuka shi ne na zamani da yaƙi, wanda na bukatar iyakar motsi da kuma stealth.

A siffa daga cikin submarines wannan jerin ne makirci na su yi, da ake kira "uku-kwata". Gaskiyar cewa jiki (Ya sanya daga karfe AB-2) yana da guda diamita cikin ta tsawon. A bambanci ga babban nukiliya submarines rukũ'i, kuma mai tsanani da kyau-tsare siffar zobe siffar. Saboda da bulkheads na ƙwanso ne zuwa kashi biyar raba sassan. Cikas a kan jirgin uku.

M hydrodynamic halaye da aka bayar da wani musamman tsara jiki musamman da kyau streamlined. Aljihun tebur raka'a da daidai da wannan albarku cewa ya halin da jiragen ruwa na aikin 877, amma wutsiya empennage sanya crosswise, da kuma gaban kafafun aka saka a kan shinge. Wannan ya yi a dõmin su haifar da kalla yiwuwar kutse a Sonar kayan aiki, wanda aka sanye take da wani submarine. The "Harmony" a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne a real nasa tarihin: shi ne musamman m, yana da matukar wuya a gane ta wajen Sonar da kuma karkashin ruwa acoustics.

makamai submarines

Babban wajen tsaro da harin ne da motoci shida da kaddamar da torpedoes zamo 533 mm, tare da biyu mahakar a kan babba bene an tsara don harbe-harben shiryar da tarin harsasai. A misali harsasai hada 18 torpedoes. Mafi sau da yawa, da submarine "Lada 677" yana amfani da wani Generic irin ammonium (SAET-60M, UGST), musamman torpedoes ya hallaka maƙiyi submarines. A kan jirgin iya zama cruise makamai masu linzami, kazalika 22 mahakar DM-1 model. Yana yiwuwa domin magance yin amfani da anti-type da makamai masu linzami "Squall."

harbe-harben tsarin damar duka biyu guda Shots da volley harbe-harben daga shida mahakar lokaci guda. A lokacin recharge torpedo hadaddun replies "Murena", da sa dukan aiki a wani cikakken atomatik yanayin. A dukan tsari ne gaba daya sarrafawa daga umurnin kwamandan maki, wanda yana sanye take da wani submarine. The "Harmony" shi ne na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da ci gaban da ba makaman nukiliya submarine na jirgin, wanda za a yi amfani da dama hadaddun da high-yi aiki da kai.

Don taimakawa kare jirgin ruwan daga fama maƙiyi jirgin sama, da ƙungiya iya yi amfani da shida model na MANPADS "Igla-1m". Coordination of duk fama da tsarin da aka tabbatar ta hanyar amfani da "lithium" tsarin. Saboda haka, submarine "Lada", makamai da muka fentin, tare da kananan girma shi ne iya isar da wani babban matsala ga wani abokin gaba.

Sonar kewayon

Domin Sonar bincike ya gana da hadaddun "lira", wanda ya hada da iko m antennae. Naúrar kunshi kawai uku antennas, daya daga wanda aka located a baka na submarine, amma biyu - ana saka a kan kowane gefe na ta. Injiniyoyin matsakaicin diamita domin karin daidaito na ji na karkashin ruwa amo. Saboda haka, gaban eriya bautarka kusan duk sarari a baka na submarine. A taron na lalacewar da a kan-jirgin kayan aiki ya samar Sonar kayan aiki da submarine "Lada" (Project 677) iya ja bãya gare shi a kan Maris.

kewayawa tsarin

Navigation tsarin - inertial irin. Shin alhakin samar da bayanai a kan ainihin wurin da jirgin, kazalika don tabbatar da dalilin da ganiya gudun a da a kan-jirgin makamai za a iya amfani da matsakaicin yadda ya dace.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na tsarin yana da wani periscope kayan aiki kamar laifuka Hanya Code "Sail-98", wanda aka hada da wadannan abubuwa:

• Iya shiga periscope da shugaban, "Sail-98KP". Yana yana da yini, kuma a low-matakin tashoshi (na gani, kuma TV). A mataki na karuwa dabam daga 1.5 zuwa 12X, iya rikodi lura data.
• Mast PHC, ba-iya shiga irin "Sail-98UP". Shi ne ainihin wani Multi-aiki duniya periscope. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na zane - biyu tashoshi (cikakken lokaci da kuma low-matakin), da mataki na karuwa - kamar kwamandan na kawo nesa kusa, akwai wata high-yi Laser rangefinder.

Saboda haka, submarine "Lada", wanda za mu takaice TTX fentin, za a iya daidaita da kyau a yi amfani a cikin dare da rana yanayi. Yana da yaushe ya kasance ganuwa ga makiya.

Sauran abubuwa na kewayawa tsarin

A mafi muhimmanci kashi ne radar tsarin radar model KRM-66 "kodak". Hada a cikin mambobin aiki da kuma m tashoshin rediyo za a iya sarrafa a hade da yanayin. Lokacin aiki amfani za a iya kunna musamman kare boye tashar. Yana bada cikakken hoto na halin da ake ciki ya kewaye submarine (ciki har da sama-ruwa), amma shi bai unmask jirgin. A wannan yanayi, da submarine "Lada" (Project 677) ne a hanyoyi da dama na musamman da abu, abin da gaske ba su da analogues a duniya, ko ta yaya trite da magana sauti.

Digital sadarwa tsarin "nesa" model. Yana da damar musayar bayanai a kan wani kafaffen tashar Mai kusurwa biyu bayanai watsa a fagen umurnin posts, daga jirgi da jirgin sama (ga taimake at periscope zurfin). Idan kana bukatar ka aika da gaggawa sakon da muhimmancin mai zurfi, ta amfani da shaye towed eriya. Wannan kayan aiki ne a sosai mai karko, da ikon kare ko a yanayin saukan tashin. Kawai sa, da "Harmony" - da jirgin ruwan ne sosai tenacious.

A karshe, wani sa na kewayawa kayan aiki "Appassionata." Yana dauke da irin inertial kewayawa tsarin da tauraron dan adam kewayawa module GPS / GLONASS. Daidaiton kayyade wuri a lokacin amfani ne musamman high, amma ya dogara da kusanci da sansanin tashan gyare-gyare ga wani musamman "naka".

ikon shuka

The "zuciya" na submarine ne dizal da wutar lantarki na shuka, a yi daidai da wani makirci wanda ya samar da ga motsi kawai a kan wutar lantarki nuna. Wannan ya bambanta daga waje analogues submarine "Lada". TTS (kai da fasaha da tsarin), waje jiragen ruwa na wannan aji na iya samar da motsi kawai a kan dizal engine.

A dizal engine aka located in na huɗu daki. Don samar da wutar lantarki janareta ne biyu da alãmarsu 28DG conjugate da rectifiers rated a 1000 kw kowane. A samar da makamashi da aka adana a cikin ƙungiyõyi biyu da batura. A kowane daga cikin wadannan abubuwa ne 126 (su ne a farko da kuma na uku compartments). A duka hade damar dukan tsarin a ganiya yanayin - 10580 kW / h. Aiki engine - lantarki, m da m maganadiso. Mark SED-1, da takamaiman ikon ne 4100 kW.

A zaba engine iko da damar da batura ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Da cewa shi ne a cikin wannan dangantaka zama zai yiwu kara loading da batura, wanda kusan sau biyu rage gaban submarine a periscope zurfin. Tun da wani ɓangare na janareta ba zamewa na goga naúrar, tabbatarwa da kuma aiki da dukan kafuwa ne ƙwarai Saukake kuma shi ne mafi aminci mai yawa. Dangane da wannan, "Lada" - jirgin ruwan, sun fi mayar da wuce na zamaninsa.

Basic kewaye aiki na injuna

M gudun lantarki propulsion tsarin taka babban mover a duk yin yawo yanayi na jirgin. A ka'ida, mun riga ya yi magana game da gaskiyar cewa yunkuri a daya kawai dizal a lokacin bayar bisa manufa. A propeller bakwai ruwan wukake, kafa ta musamman, low amo fasaha. Wannan Jihar harkokin da aka fi mayar cimma godiya ga irin saber ruwan wukake, wanda ya fitar kadan amo lokacin da tuki. Bugu da kari, da submarine yana da biyu alamomi RDK-35 m tuƙi shafi.

Matsakaicin achievable gudu a kan surface kai 21 kullin. A kura idon submarine ba tarwatsa sama da 10 kullin. Cruising fuska ne game da 6,000 mil, amma a lokacin da tuki ci gaban tattalin arziki zai iya ƙara sabis rai na game da wani 650 miles.

Game da rayuwa da kuma yanayin aiki da ma'aikatan jirgin

The ƙungiya hada da mutane 35. Don agazawa mutane a yanayin saukan gaggawa ceto bayar KSU-600 tsarin. Ya unshi wani atomatik m saki liferafts model PSNL-20. A total na guda biyu, suna located in superstructure ga zamiya na'urorin.

Sqm a kan submarine aka located a cikin na uku daki. Ba kamar surface jirãge na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha Federation, da ƙungiya sanya wani kyau sosai rai yanayi. Ga ma'aikata ne biyu bukkokin. Inda kowane jami'i, sa a raba dakin.

Cin daukan wuri a cikin rikici dakin da ma'ajiyar kayan abinci da wurin. Hannun jari na abinci, dangane da halaye da kuma ajiya bukatun ana shirya a sanyaya kuma uncooled ɗakunan ajiya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da submarine wannan jerin aka shigar galley kayan aiki da sabon model: da sosai m girma shi na samar da shiri na cikakken da bambance bambancen abincin ƙungiya.

Fresh ruwa da aka adana a cikin tankuna na bakin karfe. Ƙara abinci sabo ruwa zai iya zama kai tsaye a filin yanayi. A saboda wannan dalili, da tatacen aka bayar, wanda ake amfani da aiki da zafin rana daga dizal injuna. A general, a lokacin da na yau da kullum ya kwarara daga ruwa kayayyaki yakin ne isa ya tabbatar da ba kawai m, amma kuma fasaha bukatun. Cikakken ɗora Kwatancen da dukan zama dole submarine ne m for 45 days.

Bugu da ari aiki na jirgin da al'amurra

Kamar yadda yakan faru ne, da submarine "Lada" ba ma nasarar sun jimre da gwajin lokaci. Gaskiyar cewa da halaye ba hadu zamani da bukatun da shafi wannan aji, daga jirgi. Saboda haka, a lokacin akwai wani m aiki a kan halittar anaerobic propulsion. A karshen shekarar 2012, so in saya shida submarines na Project 677 "Lada" bayyana Indiya, wani madugun dabarun da abokin tarayya na kasar mu.

Kawai sa, kasar na bukatar irin wannan dizal-lantarki submarines, wanda zai iya zama a cikin soja kamfen kamar yadda zai yiwu na dogon lokaci, ba tare da bukatar dagawa ko a periscope zurfin. Submarine "Lada", airindependent ikon shuka wanda za a kawo kammala, za su iya yin da yawa watanni na "heats". Ya kamata a lura da cewa gudanar da bincike a wannan yanki ne quite nasara.

Mene ne sabon?

Innovations a cikin zane na tabbatar da jirgin za a yi da yawa. A developer abubuwa kamfanin shahara CDB ME "Rubin". A tsakiyar 2013 shi karshe an yanke shawarar cewa submarine "Harmony" zai ci gaba da zama a cikin sabis da Rasha Navy. A sabunta hanyoyin, ba shakka, form.

Da yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa na zamani da na gida masana kan-jirgin tsarin lantarki. An gaba daya reconsidered Atomatik shigarwa torpedo kusan gama tuba (dogara ne a kan yin amfani da fasaha ta zamani) makanikai da wutar lantarki shuka.

Kada ka zauna "bypassed" da kuma kewayawa: la'akari da yadda da yawa sabon mafita da aka kafa a cikin shi, zamu iya cewa da tsarin da aka sake kafa. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa irin wannan submarine "Lada" babu makawa janyo hankalin hankalin kasashen waje abokan ciniki.

Farko da hannun jari zai zo saukar "Kronstadt". Oddly isa, amma tsohon "haihuwa Ladies" wanda suke son a rubuta kashe, a yau ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m maras makaman nukiliya submarines a duniya. Yana da hadari a ce yayin da rike da taki na aikin da suka yi farin ciki don saya ba wai kawai cikin gida na Navy, amma kuma da yawa waje abokan ciniki, goyon bayan da kasar ta kasafin kudin.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda da yawa jiragen Project 677 "Lada" Yau Rasha wajibi ne, tun da wadannan jiragen ruwa ne mai girma hanyar kare Maritime kan iyakoki da kuma iyakar, wanda kasar mu yana da yawa.