Structure, abu da kuma batun tunani a matsayin kimiyya

Psychology a matsayin kimiyya da karatunsa da hali da kuma shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai faruwa a adam sani.

A batu na tunani a matsayin kimiyya a daban-daban matakai na ta ci gaba da aka ƙayyade cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Har da 18th karni, da gargajiya misali na ta magana aka dauke da ruhin mutum. A cikin Turanci empirical Psychology assotsianistskoy (Dzh.St.Mill, D.Gartli, G. Spencer, A. Ben) Ya aikata da mamaki na sani. A structuralism (W. Wundt) abin da ake gani a cikin kwarewa da batun. Functionalism (F. Brentano) dauke m ayyukan sani.

A batu na tunani a matsayin kimiyya, tun Sechenov (psychophysiology), kamar yadda gane asalin iri shafi tunanin mutum aiki. A behaviorism (J. Watson) yafi dauke hali. Psychoanalysis, jagorancin Freud ya juya zuwa ga sõmamme.

Subject na tunani a matsayin kimiyya a Gestalt Psychology (Maks Vertgeymer) aka bayyana a matsayin aiwatar da magani da kuma aiki na bayanai da kuma sakamakon wadannan matakai. A bil'adama Psychology (Maslow, Frankl, Carl Rogers, rollo May) masana kimiyya mafi girma hankali ne ya biya zuwa sirri gwaninta na mutum.

A cikin gida kimiyya a farkon kwanaki na Soviet tunani kamar yadda irin wannan tambaya na yadda za a ayyana batu na tunani a matsayin kimiyya tsanani ba damuwa. Kawai thirties fara bayyana da magana kamar "majiyai, ideas, damunsu, tunaninsu na mutum."

Halperin ya gano batun tunani a matsayin nuni aiki (wannan ya hada da fahimi, da siffofin aiki da mutum ke tunani, da kuma juyayinsu, yana bukatar, so).

Saboda haka, a sakamakon ci gaban kimiyya batu Psychology aka kira shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, da kuma alaka da yanayi da kuma kaddarorin mutane kazalika da alamu na hali. An muhimmiyar rawa aka ba wa nazarin halittun da sani da kuma ta ci gaba, aiki da kuma sadarwa tare da general hali da kuma m ayyuka na mutane.

A tsarin ilimin halin dan Adam a matsayin kimiyya a yanzu mataki na ta ci gaba ne wajen rikitarwa. Akwai da dama kullum yarda Tsarin ɓullo da aka sani da masana ilimin tunani na.

Ananiev Tsarin tunani cewa karatunsa mutum al'amurran da sani da kuma mutum aiki. Ya Highlights cewa karatu da ontogenesis mutum a matsayin mutum (total, bambanci, shekaru, ontopsihofiziologiya, psychophysiology). cewa da karatunsa a mutum a ko'ina su rai hanya (total, bambanci, kamanta, psycholinguistics, da m ka'idar da dalili, Psychology na dangantaka). cewa karatu da mutum a matsayin batu na aiki (da tunani na tsarawa, aikin, kerawa, janar da kuma kayyade Psychology).

Hansen Highlights wannan rassan kimiyya a matsayin janar Psychology, psychophysiology, psychophysics, Psychology dabbobi, kungiyar da batutuwa, da cin (phylogeny, ontogenesis, anthropogenesis, kamanta), aiki (hali, aiki, ilimi, sadarwa), zamantakewa Psychology (tarihi, interpersonal dangantaka, hali , salla sadarwa) typological bambance-bambance bambancin (anomalous bambance-bambance), kabilanci da bambance-bambance na mutum bambance-bambance).

Platonov Tsarin matsayin kimiyya: general, raya ci gaban tunani, ilimi, kiwon lafiya, masana'antu Psychology, wasanni, sarari, jirgin sama, soja, da shari'a, zamantakewa.

Babban abu na tunani a matsayin kimiyya - wani mutum ko kungiyar mutane (da dabbobi) a matsayin yan dako na psyche. Sun yi karatu da kuma gudanar da bincike tare da taimakon hanyoyin kimiyya domin gano m shawarwari, kazalika da samar da sabon theories na kimiyya.

Psychology neman amsa tambaya dalilin da ya sa mutane yin girman wannan hanya da ba a wata hanya a cikin wani halin da ake ciki. A wannan batun, kuma mun bincika inji matsayin psyche, wanda ya aiwatarda duk da muradi da halayya ayyuka na mutum.