Catalysis na kama da iri-irin catalysis: bayyana tare da misalai

Wasu sinadaran halayen kansu faruwa sosai wuya ko ba ya faruwa. Kuma a sa'an nan "ceto" zo musamman abubuwa - da catalysts. Su ka damar "kewaye da shamaki" - da kuma dauki aka fara, ko da yake ba tare da su zai yi ko dai ba fara ko zai faru sosai a hankali. Gana catalysis kama da iri-irin catalysis. Me wadannan kalmomi nufi?

Sunan iya zama daban-daban dangane da ko guda mai kara kuzari da kuma reactants ne lokaci. Kara kuzari kanta ba cinyewa a cikin dauki. Idan ka ga biyu-lokaci iyaka tsakanin abu da kuma mai kara kuzari, da catalysis ne iri-irin. A wannan za a iya ce da akwati inda jihar al'amarin , kuma mai kara kuzari ne daban-daban. Da rarrabuwa ma ya auku a yi kama matsakaici a guda lokaci.

A iri-irin catalysis, da kara kuzari sau da yawa - da m, kuma reagents ne ko dai da taya ko an narkar da a cikin ruwa, ko sun gas. Cikinsa da reactants suna adsorbed a kan aiki shafukan da mai kara kuzari (ba dame na adsorption kuma sha. Na farko shi ne wani nau'i ne na "mai danko" ga surface, na biyu -Lokacin daya abu da ke shiga cikin sauran tsarin).

Kamar wancan ne tsakanin reagent kwayoyin da sinadaran hulda da kara kuzari na faruwa. Yana iya hada a matsayin sinadaran dauki a kan surface, kuma weakening na shaidu a cikin reactant kwayoyin. Sa'an nan da dauki a wanda kwayoyin ne sau da yawa saura al'amarin buga farko reactant kwayoyin. A sakamakon dauki aka desorbed, "unstick" daga aiki cibiyoyin. Kamar yadda a baya ya bayyana, da kara kuzari da aka ba cinyewa a cikin dauki. Canjãwa kawai adadin reactants da kayayyakin.

Catalysis na kama da iri-irin catalysis suna yadu amfani da masana'antu. Ga wani misali na biyu, kamar yadda a ka'idar mun riga tattauna.

Kamar yadda aka sani, margarine - cikakken mai. Shi ne mai ɗamfarar daidaito. A kayan lambu mai, daga abin da aka samar, yafi ruwa. Yadda za a cimma taurin? Ta hanyar hydrogenation, Ina nufin biyu bond carbon atoms ne guda saboda Bugu da kari na hydrogen atoms. A kara kuzari abubuwa a matsayin nickel karfe a cikin m jihar. Fats, wanda ake samu ta hanyar wannan dauki ake kira hydrogenated. Hakika, kamar duk daskararre, suna ba da amfani sosai, amma ga demonize su ba shi daraja.

Catalysis na kama da iri-irin catalysis da za a gane, saboda su taimaka wajen yin bayanin ba kawai masana'antu, amma kuma na halitta tafiyar matakai. Alal misali, a da halakar da lemar sararin samaniya Layer - wani misali na kama catalysis.

Lemar sararin samaniya da aka halitta da kuma halakar da sake ta daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet radiation na kwayoyin. Duk da haka, al'ada tsari zai lalace a gaban kwayoyin chloro da fluorocarbons, waxanda suke da ba a yanayi a cikin nau'i na gas ne kayayyakin da masana'antu da kima. Abin da idan wannan ya faru? Kwayoyin na carbon da sunadarin flourine mahadi chloro- fuskanci lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin da kuma kai su daya oxygen zarra. Sa'an nan, da fili, misali, chlorine da oxygen collides tare da wani lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin, sakamakon wani kwayoyin na oxygen da kuma regenerate barbashi chloro fili wanda zai iya kara rushe dubban lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin. Kamar wancan akwai wani yi kama catalysis. Kamar yadda ka gani, da ilmi na wannan tsari ya yale mu mu fahimci cewa dole ka yi hankali da yin amfani da wasu taya da deodorants for refrigerators.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa abubuwa tsara da kama da iri-irin catalysis, ba zai iya kawai hanzarta da dauki, amma kuma ya rage shi. A wannan yanayin da ake kira mai hanawa. Kuma wani catalysts, bi da bi, na iya shafar wasu abubuwa: accelerators ko mai kara kuzari poisons. Saboda haka catalysis - Multi-mataki, da kuma fahimta shi wajibi ne su fahimci dalilan da catalysis. Kuma shi ne saboda a cikin wannan tsari na bukatar kasa kunnawa makamashi, saboda tsari ne da za a daban-daban hanyar fiye da idan yana yawo a kan kansa.

Kamar yadda muka gani misalai na catalysis iya zama sosai daban-daban domin amfanin mutane. Duk da haka, domin canja duniya, kana bukatar ka fahimci shi. Saboda haka, ya yi nazarin sunadarai ba kawai "vpriglyadku".