Wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a cikin biosphere

The hulda da duk aka gyara daga cikin biosphere da aka yi da musayar al'amarin da kuma makamashi. A zuciya na wannan hulda ne da keke na al'amarin - mai maimaituwa canji da kuma hijirarsa matakai na abubuwa a yanayi, tare da cyclical yanayin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani. Wadannan matakai dauki wuri tare da sa hannu na makamashin hasken rana da kuma ciki makamashi na Duniya.

Bayar da ma'aunan kasa (full) zagayowar da ta bijiro da batun kafa ilmin halitta (kananan) da kuma anthropogenic hawan keke.

Sashen wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa - a redistribution na abubuwa tsakanin lithosphere da Muciya, wanda ya auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar na ciki (ciki) da kuma exogenous (external) matakai. A kan miliyoyin shekaru da kankara an hallaka, da kuma weathering kayayyakin suna ɗauke da ruwa igiyoyin a cikin tekuna. A qananan bangare na ma'adinai abubuwa ne koma ƙasar a sakamakon danshi danshin da hazo, da kuma sake zagayowar rufe. The girma na weathering kayayyakin kasance a kan teku bene, inda sedimentation. Maye gurbinsu da ma'aunan kasa lokuta faruwa komawa da baya daga cikin tekuna, da motsi na farantin tectonics, dutsen gini, da kwanciya sake samu kansu a cikin ƙasa - wani yanki abu zagayowar fara wani sabon zagaye. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan alama ce da sake zagayowar ba da'irar, kuma karkace, tun da nagarta na mikewa na kowane lokaci sanã'anta a wani sabon sake zagayowar ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga baya daya.

Na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin rãyuwar biosphere ne da ake kira hydrological sake zagayowar, wanda ya shafi ƙasar, yanayi da kuma teku. Wannan ruwa sake zagayowar, wanda kuma ya shafi yanki (babba) circulations. Its tuki da karfi ne da makamashi na rana, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da danshin faruwa. Ruwa kwayoyin a cikin nau'i na gas Yunƙurin a cikin yanayi, inda suka kwantar da kuma cunkoso. Clouds aka kafa, wanda ba hazo. Idan hazo fall a cikin teku, da sake zagayowar aka rufe (danshin da sauransu. D.).

Ruwa shigar da ƙasa, yana da biyu zažužžukan: surface dake kwarara da kuma infiltration. A cikin farko case, ta kõma, zuwa cikin teku, da kammala wani zagayowar, kuma a karo na biyu yana da mai tsawo da kuma ban sha'awa hanya. Seeping saukar da fasa kuma pores, ya kai gare shi impermeable Layer, replenishing hannun jari na ruwan karkashin kasa, sa'an nan motsa a cikin kwance shugabanci don haka yanzu sai ya sami wata hanya zuwa ga surface. Saboda haka kafa marẽmari cewa ciyar da koguna, Lakes, tafkunan, swamps. A wannan "tafiya" na ruwa ya zauna a cikin farfajiya Layer na kasar gona (capillary danshi), daga abin da shi evaporates cikin yanayi, da kuma wani ɓangare aka yi amfani da tsire-tsire, da ganyen wanda kuma da danshin (transpiration).

Wani bangaren na ma'aunan kasa zagayowar ne da nazarin halittu sake zagayowar abubuwa, wanda shi ne tuki da karfi - na ayyuka na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wannan sake zagayowar dubi kamar haka.

1. Ruwa, carbon da kuma gina jiki suna tara da shuke-shuke (autotrophic) da dabbobi (heterotrophic), wanda ciyar a kan wadannan shuke-shuke.
2. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta aka kashe, da kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar saprophytes (fungi, kwayoyin cuta, tsutsotsi) ƙasƙanci kayayyakin decompose zuwa ma'adinai aka gyara.
3. Inorganic abubuwa suna amfani sake don kira na Organic autotrophs - biogeochemical keke na abubuwa ci gaba.

Irin wannan tafiyar matakai faruwa ne a kowane yanayin kasa da kuma hawan keke hada da raba abubuwa: .. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, da baƙin ƙarfe, da dai sauransu suna da hannu a dukkanin rayayyun halittu sun wanzu a duniya. Rawar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa - da suka shiga a cikin ƙasa, da ruwa jiyya, da jari na wasu abubuwa (nitrogen-kayyade kwayoyin), da bazuwar kwayoyin abubuwa (destructors), redox halayen (aerobic kwayoyin cuta), kuma da yawa wasu matakai da ke faruwa a cikin biosphere.