Ta ilimin aiki abubuwa

Ta ilimin aiki abubuwa (rage tsawon - Bas) - musamman sinadaran abubuwa da suka mallaka a low taro a babban aiki zuwa takamaiman kungiyoyin na kwayoyin (mutum, shuka, dabba, fungi) ko zuwa takamaiman kungiyoyin na sel. Bas amfani da magani, kuma a matsayin cutar rigakafin, da kuma kula da cikakken aiki.

Ta ilimin aiki abubuwa ne:

1. alkaloids - nitrogenous mahadi kwayoyin halitta. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, kayan lambu. Da asali Properties. Insoluble a cikin ruwa, da wani acid don ya samar daban-daban salts. Mallaka mai kyau physiological aiki. A manyan allurai - shi ne karfi poisons a kananan - magunguna (magunguna "Atropine", "papaverine", "Ephedrine").

2. Bitamin - musamman kungiyar kwayoyin mahadi da suke da muhimmanci ga dabbobi da mutane mai kyau metabolism da kuma biyan bukatar rayuwa. Mutane da yawa bitamin suna da hannu a cikin samuwar na zama dole enzymes to hana ko gaggauta aiki na wasu enzyme tsarin. Har ila yau bitamin ana amfani da ilimin aiki Additives to abinci (kunshe a abun da ke ciki). Wasu bitamin ingested da abinci, yayin da wasu suna samar da microbes a cikin Gut, da sauransu - su ne sakamakon da kira na mai-kamar abubuwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ultraviolet. bitamin rashi iya kai wa ga m cuta a cikin metabolism. Da cutar, wanda ya samo asali a sakamakon low ci bitamin a cikin jiki, da ake kira beriberi. Hasara - ta ne bitamin, ƙarara, amma matsanancin yawa - hypervitaminosis.

3. glycosides - mahadi kwayoyin halitta. Bã su da wani iri-iri na effects. Kwayoyin glycosides an hada da biyu manyan sassa: nesaharistoy (da aglycone ko genin) da kuma sugary (glucones). A magani amfani domin lura da zuciya da kuma jijiyoyin bugun gini cututtuka kamar antimicrobial da expectorant. glycosides kuma taimaka gajiya shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki, disinfect da urinary fili, kwantar da tsakiya m tsarin, inganta narkewa da ƙara ci.

4. Glikolalkaloidy - bioactive abubuwa alaka glycosides. Daga su ka iya samun wadannan kwayoyi: "Cortisone", "hydrocortisone" da sauransu.

5. The tannins (wani sunan - tannin) ne iya precipitate sunadarai, gamsai, m abubuwa, alkaloids. Saboda wannan dalili da suka ba su jituwa da wadannan abubuwa a cikin magunguna. Tun da sunadaran sun samar da albuminates (antiinflammatory wakili).

6. m mai - shi ne esters na m acid ko trihydric barasa. Wasu m acid suna da hannu a cikin metabolism, hanzarta da tukar tumbi da cholesterol daga jiki.

7. Coumarins - mai ilimin aiki abu, wadda ake bisa coumarin da isocoumarin. A cikin wannan kungiya sun hada da piranokumariny da furokumariny. Wasu coumarins mallaka spasmolytic mataki, wasu nuna aiki kapillyaroukreplyayuschim. Akwai ma coumarins anthelminthic, diuretic, curare, antimicrobial, analgesic da kuma sauran ayyuka.

8. Trace abubuwa, bitamin da kuma kamar, ana kuma kara wa ilimin aiki abinci ƙari. Su ne wani ɓangare na bitamin, hormones, pigments, enzymes, nau'i sinadaran mahadi tare da sunadarai tara a kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin, endocrine gland. Domin mutum muhimmanci wadannan alama abubuwa: boron, nickel, tutiya, cobalt, molybdenum, gubar, sunadarin flourine, selenium, jan, manganese.

Akwai ma wasu ilimin aiki abubuwa: Organic acid (ne maras tabbas, kuma ba maras tabbas), pectin, pigments (wani sunan - kala jamiái), steroids, carotenoids, flavonoids, maras tabbas, ecdysones, muhimmanci mai.