Arnold Vladimir Igorevich: biography, iyali da kuma nasara daga cikin shahararrun lissafi

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - shi ne mai Soviet da kuma Rasha lissafi, wanda ci gaba da ka'idar bambanci lissafai bisa, singularities na santsi mappings, ya kuma rubuta wani yawan ayyuka a msar tambayar makanikai da topology.

biography

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich (photo posted a cikin labarin) an haife ni a 12.06.1937 a cikin Ukraine, a birnin Odessa.

Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, iyalinsa ya koma Moscow, inda nan gaba lissafi ciyar da yara. Bayan karshen Lardi School lambar 59 Vladimir Arnold ya zama wani dalibi na makanikai da kuma lissafi Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar da kuma nasarar kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1959

Future Masana kimiyya sa'a. Malaminsa ya shahara lissafi Andrey Nikolaevich Kolgomorov. Tuni a cikin ta shekaru 20 na Vladimir Arnold da shawarar cewa wani m aiki kunshi mahara canji za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai hade da wani yawan ayyuka. Yana yiwuwa a shirya Hilbert ta 13th matsala.

MSU samu a diploma, Arnold Vladimir Igorevich aka aiki a cikin gida jami'a. A lokacin daga shekarar 1965 zuwa 1986, ya yi aiki a matsayin wani farfesa. Da yake an yi fice malami, Vladimir I. gudanar da karatu tare da wani girmamawa a kan tsabta da gabatar da tsabta. A lokaci guda ya dauke sosai wanda ya kasa aiki m style, samar da wani cikakken bayani na axioms. Wannan tsarin kula da koyon ilimin lissafi ko da la'akari cutarwa. Kuma ya bayyana ainihin kimiyya da hanya, ya bada shawarar biyu dalibai da kuma makaranta.

A gaba wurin aiki shi ne Steklov Ilmin Lissafi Cibiyar. Ga Arnold Vladimir Igorevich yi aiki daga shekarar 1986 har karshe kwanakin ransa. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, ya aka aiki da Paris-Dauphine University.

Ya mutu lissafi Arnold Vladimir Igorevich 03.06.2010 a Faransa babban birnin kasar. A Paris, 72-shekara masanin kimiyyar ya jurewa magani. Vladimir I. shiga St. Antoine asibitin a kan Hauwa'u na da mutuwar. Inda ya tiyata, ba ya iya matsawa da aka yi.

Binne lissafi Arnold Vladimir Igorevich 15.06.2010 at Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow. Kusa da shi ya ginu Academician damban ne Vitaly Ginzburg.

iyali

Abin da ya sa haka ban sha'awa akwai sanannen Rasha masanin kimiyya, wanda shi ne Vladimir I. Arnold biography? Family lissafi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwarsa.

The mahaifin na masanin kimiyya - Igor Vladimirovich Arnold - wani likita na pedagogical kimiyyar. Shi ma wani m memba na Academy of Sciences Pedagogical na RSFSR, farfesa, lissafi, da kuma Methodist. Kakan Vladimir Igorevich - Arnold Vladimir Fedorovich - wani} ididdiga na {kuma tattalin arziki. Ya rubuta da dama ayyukan nazarin halin kaka na gonaki da kuma agronomic dabaru. Brother, kaka na Vladimir Igorevich na uba - marubuci BS Zhitkov.

Uwar sanannen Rasha lissafi Arnold Nina kasance wani art sukar lamiri. Ta wurin aikin shi ne Pushkin Museum. Vladimir Igorevich kakan a kan masu juna biyu layi - Isakovich Aleksandr Solomonovich. Ya kasance lauya kazalika da bincike, da kuma shugaban malamai a Odessa Research Institute of refrigeration Industry.

A kan masu juna biyu gefen shi ne dan wa na Vladimir I. kimiyyar lissafi: Isakovich Mikhail Alexandrovich (Head na msar tambayar division a acoustics Cibiyar da Tarayyar Soviet.) Kuma Aljanna Natalia Alexandrovna, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin edita na sashen kimiyyar lissafi, wanda aka located a cikin All-Union Jihar Library kimiyya wallafe-wallafe.

Brother Arnolda V. I. kaka a kan masu juna biyu layi - sanannen likita LI Mandelstam. Wannan guda kimiyya ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa, da kuma wa na lissafi - Arnold Dmitriy Igorevich.

Academic aiki a gida

Yadda nasara shi ne aiki wanda yana da za'ayi Vladimir Igorevich Arnold? Biography of masa lissafi shi ne mafi m farkon a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, sa'an nan - a Rasha. Kyaututukan da ya samu a cikin wannan filin da aka yadu a gane a cikin da'ira na cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje masana kimiyya.

Tuni a shekarar 1965, ya iya zama cikakken memba na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, amma sakamakon zabe saukar da wani rashin adalci ne daya kuri'a. Ya zaben ya faru ne kawai shekaru 25 daga baya. Babban dalilin wannan dogon hutu aka rufe, mafi m, a cikin zaman kanta view na masanin kimiyya. Vladimir I. bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan abun ciki na ilmin lissafi ayyukansu, ko da kuwa ainihi daga cikin marubucin. Wani lokaci ko da malamai zo a karkashin wuta daga zargi.

"Haruffa da casa'in da tara," tsanani shãmaki a cikin aiki shi ne shiga da shi a 1968. Yana da aka sako hada a cikin tsaro na Soviet dabaru na Esenin-Volpin, wanda aka hõre tilasta tabin hankali magani. A wannan DiSSiDENT yi Arnold dakatar daga tafiya kasashen waje. Kuma har zuwa karshen shekarun 1980s, da masanin kimiyyar da aka iyakance tafiyad da waje lissafi. Wannan gaskiyar, ya dauki kansa Vladimir I., yana da mummunan tasiri a kan kimiyya nasarori.

Academic aiki kasashen waje

A Jump a farashin sa da canji na gwamnati, Vladimir Igorevich tilasta neman sauran kafofin samun kudin shiga. Kuma, ƙarfafu tafiya zuwa Faransa, ya faru a 1964-1965 gg., Ya karɓi wani tayin daga hadin gwiwa tare da University of Paris Dauphine.

Tun shekarar 1976, masana kimiyya an zabe wani girmamawa memba na Ilmin Lissafi Society of London, wanda ya sosai flattering. A cikin kalmomin Arnold, sa hannu a cikin wannan kulob din ya yafi babbar fiye da samun wani Fields ya samu lambar. Famous lissafi kuma miƙa membobinsu a cikin Fadar Fafaroma Academy. Amma ya ƙi, shi, ambatawa sabani da har yanzu ba a soke hukuncin, wanda a 1600 bayar da Inquisition Dzhordano Bruno.

A shekarar 1987, V. I. Arnolda aka zaba a matsayin girmamawa waje memba na Academy of Arts Sciences, kuma daga America. A shekara daga baya ya shigar da shi Royal Society of London.

A shekarar 1990, Vladimir Igorevich an zabe Academician na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma daga 1996 zuwa 2010 ya kasance shugaban kasar na Moscow Ilmin Lissafi Society. Similar ayyuka suna da za'ayi ta Arnold da kuma kasashen waje. Saboda haka, daga shekarar 1996 zuwa 2002, masana kimiyya ya da mataimakin shugaban kasar, kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na kasa da kasa Ilmin Lissafi Union.

Major nasarori

A tsawon kimiyya aiki lissafi Arnold Vladimir Igorevich da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan daban-daban theories. Babban gudunmawar da ya yi:

1. A bayani na daya daga cikin yiwu fassarori Hilbert ta goma sha uku matsala.
2. A ka'idar, perturbations na Hamiltonian tsarin. The tara, da hanyoyi, da sakamakon da ra'ayoyi don samun naka sunan. Yau da shi ne Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem (Kam ka'idar).
3. A amfani da topological hanyoyin domin hydrodynamics.
4. A ka'idar singularities. Wannan ci gaban sanya shi yiwuwa a canza yanayin rayuwan da dabara na rarrabuwa fasali. Ka'idar shi ne da yawa aukaka kuma ya samu da yawa aikace-aikace.
5. A topology na real algebraic iri. Arnold daya daga cikin na farko don amfani mai hadaddun dabara a nazarin da aka ba topology.
6. A wani m sake tunani na asali Concepts game da integrability irin wannan na kowa tsauri tsarin. Yanzu wannan ra'ayi yana da wani sunan. Yau, shi ne integrable ta Arnold-Liouville.
7. A yi form matrix iyalansu. Wannan aikin sa a cikin kira na fahimtar Urdun nau'i na matrices.
8. A ra'ayin na gina abin da ake kira symplectic topology matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun jimla cohomology.

Ba shi yiwuwa ba a ambaci irin rikodin da cewa ta doke Arnold Vladimir Igorevich. Quotes na kimiyyar da aka gabatar da lissafi ga fiye da 22 000 sau.

Areas na aiki

Tun farkon shekarun 1960s Vladimir Igorevich Arnold aiwatarda duk da yuwuwar yin tunãni a kan na'urorin na duniya, resorting to ilmin lissafi hanyoyin. A wannan yanayin, da masu bincike yayi nazari da abubuwa to wanda 'yan mutane biya da hankali, ta amfani da encyclopedic ilmi.

Vladimir Igorevich Arnold, wanda nasarori a fannin ilmin lissafi ne da wuya a overestimate, aza harsashin ginin for yawa theories. Duk da haka, a lõkacin da ra'ayoyi dauki bayyana siffar, da kuma gane su main shugabanci na ci gaba, da masanin kimiyyar tako bijirẽwa. Babban ayyuka, Vladimir I. bar ci gaban sassa to ta da yawa dalibai wanda ya ƙaunace shawarta kuma ya yi ĩmãni da shi.

Singularity ka'idar

Akwai daya ne kawai a yankin wanda Vladimir Igorevich Arnold (ya biography ne inextricably nasaba da ilimin lissafi) yi aiki duk da tambayoyi daga farkon zuwa karshen. Wannan singularity ka'idar. Its tushe da kuma ci gaba ne saboda Arnold, ya makaranta da kuma sa hannu na masu bincike na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen waje takwarorinsu.

A wasu kasashen yammacin wallafe, waɗannan ayyuka ne da aka sani a matsayin "bala'i ka'idar". Yana da wani reshe na lissafi da ya bayyana wani canji da ya auku a wani tsarin for kananan sabawa daga asalin jihohi.

Dauki, misali, wata mota Winter. Wannan na'urar za a iya sauƙi taru a gida daga mai wajen sauki da bayani - wani takarda, kwali, fensir da biyu erasers.

Zeeman inji shi ne wani misali tsarin a wanda wani zai yiwu hatsari. A irin wannan na'urar fensir erasers hade da juyawa Disc na kwali. Wani lokaci da motsi ne m, da kuma wani lokacin, a mayar da martani ga wani karamin canji a spurts. Wannan rashin zaman lafiya za a iya lura a da yawa tsarin.

Wannan yanki na ilimi bautarka zukatan mutane da yawa masu bincike. A zaman lafiya da kuma rashin zaman lafiya a tsarin za a iya amfani da lissafai kwatanta juyin halitta daga cikin kasuwar da kuma matakai don zafi canja wuri. A bayani na wadannan ayyuka za su ba da damar hango ko hasashen wani Trend in da hali na nukiliya reactors, ba kawai barga, amma kuma a game da mummunan yanayin.

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich ba wanda ya kafa wannan reshe na ilmin lissafi kimiyya. Uba "bala'i ka'idar" da aka dauke su Thom. Duk da haka, shi ne mai classic littafi da aka rubuta da wani Rasha masanin kimiyya sadaukar da wannan yanki. Its sunan - "bala'i Theory".

Lakabi da lambobin yabo

Bright matasa lissafi Yunƙurin a kan amfani da aka kiyasta ta jiha. A shekarar 1960 ya aka bayar da kyauta na Moscow Ilmin Lissafi Society. Amma shekaru biyar baya V. I. Arnolda kuma AM Kolmogorov lura ga aikinsa a kan Kam ka'idar. Masana kimiyya babbar Lenin Prize. Samun wata babbar lambar yabo a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ne kawai zai yiwu ba.

Yarda da su abin yabo, kuma masanin kimiyya samu daga duniya ilmin lissafi al'umma. A shekarar 1974, a Vancouver, kazalika a 1983 a Warsaw, ya karanta rahotanni a kan International Congress of Masana lissafi. Special rabin awa magana V. I. Arnolda ya faru a shekarar 1966 a birnin Moscow.

A shekarar 1982, Arnold shared tare da Nirenberg (USA) sake kafa da Swedish Academy of Sciences, amma nan da nan ya zama babbar kyauta Krafordskuyu. Duk da haka, shugabannin jam'iyyar na Tarayyar Soviet ya ba fito da shi zuwa Stockholm samun shi.

A 2001, Vladimir Igorevich Wolf Prize aka bayar. Ta masanin kimiyya aka bayar ga aiki da hayayyafa aiki a bangarori daban-daban na lissafi.

A shekara ta 2007, Arnold yana daga cikin na farko yabon na Jihar Prize na Rasha. A shekara daga baya ya aka bayar da "Asian Nobel Prize." Yana da aka Shaw Prize, wanda ya raba da L. D. Faddeevym, wanda shi ne na gaba duniya amincewa da nasarorin da Arnold.

bazawa

Tare da kimiyya aiki na Arnold Vladimir Igorevich rubuta labarin. Da aka buga a jaridu da mujallu, da kuma hirarraki da sanannun lissafi.

Mutane da yawa Arnold articles shãfe a kan batun ilimi. The masanin kimiyya soki tsarin ilimi a kasashen waje. A lokaci guda bayani da matsaloli na ilmin lissafi ilimi a gida makarantu. The masanin kimiyya ya nuna mummunan ra'ayi game da "cramming" na yara a kan musamman ayyuka.

Arnold kuma rubuta Vladimir I. littafin. Wadannan ayyuka suna yawanci mayar da bincike ayyuka. Amma a nan, ya ba su manta game da ƙaramin tsara. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin littattafan da aka rubuta da Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - "fuskanci kalubale ga yara daga 5 zuwa 15 shekaru." Bari mu yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

A m tafiya a cikin ainihin kimiyya

Abin mamaki a ciki shi ne wani littafi, wanda aka rubuta ta Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - "fuskanci kalubale ga yara daga 5 zuwa 15 shekaru." Amsoshin tambayoyi da yawa kunshe ne a cikin shi ne mafi sauki a sami wani biyar-shekara yara fiye da "jan" to makaranta ko dalibai. Tare da tsananin wahalar warware irin wannan matsaloli da furofesoshi, kazalika da Nobel yabon da Fields.

A ra'ayin na rubuta wannan littafi da aka haife a cikin bazara na shekara ta 2004 a birnin Paris. Wannan lokacin da Rasha masana da suke zaune a Faransa, Arnold aka tambayi don su taimaka wa yara a cikin saye da irin wannan al'adun gargajiya na tunani na Rasha. Da tofin da masanin kimiyya, wannan shi ne abin da yana bukatar noma a mutane mazan m tunani game da sauki, amma a lokaci guda, da wuya al'amurran da suka shafi.

A kasida hada da 77 ayyuka hada ko zaba ta hanyar marubucin. Da shawarar da mafi yawan su ba su bukatar wani musamman ilimi da ta wuce makaranta. Littafinsa Vladimir I. jawabi ga preschoolers da kuma makaranta, dalibai da kuma malaman. Ya kamata a soma da waɗanda iyayensu suka yi zaton su yaro ta ilimi a m na da wata al'adar da tunani na mutum.

Ga misali daya daga cikin ayyukan da ake bukata don yin kananan bude. A kan wani shiryayye daga littattafai ne guda biyu kundin na ayyukan Pushkin. A kauri daga kowane shafukan ne 2 cm Haka kuma, wadannan cover littattafai -. 2 mm kowane. A farkon shafi na juz'i na 1, yana zaune bookworm. Sa'an nan, ya gnawed ta hanyar guntu nesa, kuma ya kasance a kan na karshe page na juz'i na 2. Mene ne darajar da aikin da ya yi na nesa?

Wannan na ƙwarai topology (lissafi) matsalar, wanda martani ne quite m ga mutane da yawa - 4 mm. Shi ne iya gigita da yawa Nobel yabon, amma makarantan nasare yara, wanda zai iya har yanzu yi binciken, mu jimre wa shi ne yawanci lafiya.