Scientist Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: biography

Founder na msar tambayar astronautics Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich sanya a cikin wannan kimiyya a taimako daidaita da taimako na Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Duk da haka, da fitarwa ya zo gare shi ne kawai bayan mutuwa, a lokacin da manta bude na masanin kimiyya sun sake "sake gano" na gaba ƙarni na masu bincike. The aiki na kimiyyar da aka ba su sani ba tukuna saboda ya enigmatic aiki.

yara

Future masanin kimiyya Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich aka haife kan Yuni 21 1897 a Poltava. Sunan da ya gangara a tarihi, shi ne ainihin wani pseudonym, ko kuma wajen, da sunan wani mabanbanta mutum, da wanda takardun na dogon lokaci bincike ya rayu. Ya aka haife kamar Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Yaron da aka marayu farkon da kuma tashe kakanta. A shekaru 13 da ya tafi ya yi karatu a cikin dakin motsa jiki Poltava, inda hazaka dalibai kula da malami. Malam aika Alexander sha'awa cikin da shiriya - kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi da kuma sunadarai.

Tuni a farkon yara, yaron bayyana craving for ƙirƙirãwa. Ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a cikin motoci da marẽmari ruwa turbines, farashinsa, barometers da sauran curiosities zo hannunka. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa bayan Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich ya marubucin na ban mamaki da kuma wuce na zamaninsa kimiyya theories.

dangling ilimi

Wani ra'ayin cewa kama da sani Aleksandra Shargeya, shi ne mafarkin na interplanetary flights. A 1930, a cikin wata wasika zuwa Tsiolkovsky, ya ambata cewa a cikin shekaru 16, domin sanin daidai da abin da yake a zahiri zai yiwu tashi daga Duniya ta surface cikin sarari. Tun daga nan Shargeya da nasa ra'ayin-fix. A kan Hauwa'u na karshen da Poltava dakin motsa jiki saurayi ya kammala farko da manyan rubutum - "Waɗanda suke sunã karanta su gina." A wani daftarin na littafin Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich gaba tsara (albeit m) aikin nan gaba interplanetary tafiya. Daga baya wadannan ra'ayoyin ya sifa a sauran ayyuka.

Sa'an nan Shargey shiga Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Duk da haka, da karatunsa dade ba. Ba da da ewa Alexander aka girke a cikin sojojin, da kuma a 1917 ya kasance a kan Caucasian Front na yakin duniya na farko. Ensign koma gida bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma Bolsheviks talla janar demobilization.

sabon sunan

Jimawa Poltava yana tsakiyar na yakin basasa. Shargey an jami'in, da kuma haka shi ne ake kira a cikin rundunar sojojin Janar Denikin. Alexander shiga a cikin zubar da jini ba ya so da kuma yashe a farko damar. A shekaru biyu da saurayin nan, ya rayu a wani Semi-doka matsayi, da abun ciki na m jobs. Ya kasance a karkashin m barazana da kama. A 1921, da dangi su iya samun for shi a fasfo a cikin sunan Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka - dalibi University of Kiev, wanda ya mutu da tarin fuka kaddamar.

Duk da haka, ya kasance a ƙasarsa ta Ukraine har yanzu unsafe. Red ko White iya bijirar da 'yan qasar na Poltava. Sa'an nan masanin kimiyya Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich gudu zuwa Kuban kuma ɗauki wani Krylovskiy lif. Kama a zumunta lafiya, daga karshe ya dauki up ra'ayoyinsa na jirgin tsakanin taurari. Kamar kowane kai sanar da masanin kimiyyar, ya na fama da rashin kudi. Kondratyuk aka je gina nasa roka, amma da nufin su gudanar da wani mafarki, sai ya yi ba. Dukan abin da aka bar su yi Nuggets ne ya bayyana da msar tambayar sharudda a kan takarda.

Kondratyuk da Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk lokaci guda tare da irin wannan binciken gudanar Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Domin da farko lokacin da wani matashi masanin kimiyya sanadin tuntuɓe, a kan bayanin kula a 1918 a cikin wani tsohon batun na "Niva". Daga cikin abu, shi ya bayyana cewa akidar interplanetary flights an damu ba kawai Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

A biography wannan mutumin wani misali ne na zamanin - saboda juyin juya halin da kuma yaki, ya na da shekaru da yawa, to manta game da saba rayuwa. Saboda haka, to da littattafai na Tsiolkovsky, ya koma kawai a shekarar 1925, a lokacin da na karanta "Bulletin na aeronautics."

"A ci daga interplanetary sarari"

Abin mamaki, masu bincike da biyu ya zo daya karshe, haka ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, kadan gaba da takwaransa Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich shi. Nasarorin da kimiyyar lissafi an hade tare da babban aiki - littafin "The ci daga interplanetary sarari." Yana da samfurin na marubucin ya kammala karatunsa a 1926, a lokacin da ya rayu a kauyen Oktoba. Wannan lokaci, ya tsara aikin ba kawai a ka'idar, da kuma bayar da shi da yawa da cikakken bayani kuma Figures.

The masanin kimiyya kokarin buga wani "ci daga interplanetary sarari" a Moscow. A littafin samu wani m review na Farfesa Vladimir Vetchinkina. Ya yi karatu da muhimmancin roka jirgin da haka ya yaba da aikin Kondratyuk. Duk da haka, don buga wani littafi da shi ya gaza. Cikin wadannan shekaru kawai Vetchinkin goyon an unknown kai sanar.

a Siberia

A shekara ta 1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, wanda biography misali ne na biography ne kullum yawo mutum, sai ya koma zuwa Novosibirsk. A wasu karshen na kasar, ya tafi a bisa gayyatar da gida "Bakeries". Wannan ofishin ne ke da alhakin ajiya na hatsi a ƙasa da dama yankuna. More kan Kuban Kondratiuk ƙirƙira da dama sabuwar fasahar for lif. Aikinsa sha'awar Novosibirsk. Saboda haka mutumin da ya yi mafarkin na taurari, ka zama alhakin hatsi ajiya.

A cikin sabon wuri masanin kimiyya samu sababbin abokai, da abokai, amma babu wani daga cikinsu yaba wa yaro babbar sha'awa shi ne har yanzu sarari jirgin. Kuma duk da haka Kondratiuk tuna da babban rubuta aiki. Don da yawa shekaru da ya sami ceto ya kudi, manyan wani spartan rayuwa, kuma a karshe ya aiko ta rubutum zuwa gida buga shop. A littafin da ya kasance sosai m. Typesetters gane ba hadaddun kimiyya ilmin lissafi dabarbari, yi kuskure da kuma Redo duk abin da sake.

Bazawa na littafin

A Janairu 1929, da "ci daga interplanetary sarari" da aka buga a kananan edition a 2000 kofe. A littafin ya hada da 72 pages, kuma da dama shafukan da zane-zane da kuma zane. Vladimir Vetchinkin rubuta wani foreword a cikin abin da ya kira da binciken Kondratyuka mafi m dukan sa'an nan data kasance, kuma aka buga ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a waje harsuna.

Abin da tushen sabon rubuta Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich? Ban sha'awa facts a cikin littafin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ya yarda da wasu ka'idojin al'amurran da suka shafi, haka bude up da msar tambayar yiwuwar tashi zuwa ga makwabta taurari. Kondratyuk aika daya kwafin Tsiolkovsky da wata daya daga bisani samu wani amsa a wadda m abokin aiki yaba wa aikin. Mafi yawa daga cikin wurare dabam dabam na wani masanin kimiyyar ya ba da abokan aiki. Wasu karanta littafin daga daraja, amma abu ne mai wuya su iya fahimta da rubuce-rubuce. Ga wasu kirkiro da ya zauna garibi eccentric.

Kama da tsare

Jim kadan bayan da littafin da littafin Kondratiuk tare da biyar sahabbansa da aka kama da kuma yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku a gidan yari a kan 58th "siyasa" labarin. Yana rubuta wani denunciation na daya daga cikin abokan aiki. Bayan wani lokaci, na farko jumla maye gurbinsu da wani aiki a Special ofishin №14 - «sharashka", inda ayyukan wasu da aka kama da masana kimiyya da masu bincike. Akwai Kondratyuk samu wani sabon amfani - ta zama don tsara shirin da kayan aiki amfani a samar da Kuzbass kwal.

Har ila yau a kewaye halitta Crimean iska gona zane, analogues na wanda ya ba tukuna a duniya. Don Project Kondratyuka shiga da dama injiniyoyi, gami da Nikolay Nikitin, daga baya ya gina Ostankino talabijin hasumiya a Moscow.

Ganawa da Korolev

A shekara ta 1933, da jama'ar kasar Commissariat na Tã Industry} orafin da GPU maza maza yantar da masanin kimiyya. Saboda haka aka 'yanta Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Hotuna masu bincike a yau ne m, saboda gaskiyar cewa ya yi ya zauna a cikin zaman gudun hijira, da farko, sa'an nan a karkashin kama. iska ikon aikin da aka amince, kuma Kondratiuk ko da ya tafi zuwa Moscow.

A babban birnin kasar na Siberian nugget na sadu da Sergei Korolev, wanda ya ji game da ban mamaki msar tambayar ideas. Future zanen na sarari roka zuwa bayar da baƙi aiki tare a da mutunci, kuma wata tawagar kamar shiryayye abokan aiki. Duk da haka Kondratiuk ƙiya. Muradinsa ba daidai sani, amma Malaman tarihi yarda a kan ra'ayin cewa, lokacin da ake ji ga wani aiki alaka soja ayyukan, Sarauniya masanin kimiyya ma zai iya duba NKVD. A duba bai alkawari wani abu mai kyau. Idan a cikin gabobin koya game da gaskiya ainihi Kondratyuka da kuma dangantakarsa da fari a lokacin yakin basasa, masana kimiyya sun sake barazanar sansanonin ko harbi.

A rabo daga rubuce-rubucen sharhi

A shekara ta 1938 da All-Union tabbatarwa kwamitin da Tarayyar Soviet Academy zo wata takarda dauke da sanya hannun dama shahararren masana kimiyya. Suka roƙa a msar tambayar aiki doctoral digiri ba tare da kare mai sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, shi zai zama da kyau cancanta fitarwa na gudanar da bincike nasarori, wanda ya kai masanin kimiyya Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photo gane da aikin injiniya da ayyukan da links to da aka rubuta ayyukansa da manyan dalilin da la'akari da takarar. Duk da haka, da aikace-aikace da aka sallame.

Hakika, a mafi matakan ba su saba da irin wannan adadi a matsayin Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Brief biography na masanin kimiyyar ya yi fiye da kowane saba tsarin. Da cewa wannan shekarar, da bincike, da tsoron domin Unpublished ayyukansu, ba da wani archive na rubuce-rubucen Borisu Vorobevu riga adana Tsiolkovsky. Wannan shirinku zai yiwu a kiyaye for zurriyar da muhimmanci da takardun. Sparrows zahiri da ceto daga gushewa da kuma asarar da farko, har yanzu yaro, rubuce-rubucen da masanin kimiyya.

mutuwa

Da zarar yakin duniya na II ya fara, daga cikin wasu masu taimako ya zo da daftarin jirgin da kuma Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Likita da kuma sharhi a 62nd dakaru rajimanti. Kamar yadda wani gwani, ya zama alhakin tabbatar da sadarwa tsakanin battalions da hedkwatar. Kondratyuka karshe yaki ya faru a cikin dare daga 25 zuwa 26 Fabrairu 1942 a kan Oka River a Oryol yankin. The masanin kimiyya aka kashe a wani karo da Jamusawa. Jikinsa da aka binne a kusa da kauyen Krivtsovo.

A lokacin da wadannan shekaru, da farko Soviet sa'an nan gamayyar kasa da kasa a hankali ya gano muhimmancin ayyukan Kondratyuk. A shekarar 1957, a wani taro na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, sadaukar da 100th ranar tunawa da Tsiolkovsky, Sergei Korolev karanta rahoton, wanda kiyasta da isa yabo na Yuri Vasilievich. Kamar 'yan kwanaki bayan taron ya shiga sarari na farko wucin gadi duniya da tauraron dan adam.

Direct Kondratyuka ideas aka farko aiwatar da Amirkawa a Lunar shirin "Apollo" a cikin 60-ies. NASA amfani da hanya ga shekaru hamsin kafin samarwa Rasha masana kimiyya. Wide Soviet jama'a koya game da Kondratyuk a 1969. Sa'an nan, a cikin "Komsomolskaya Pravda" da aka buga wata kasida, a cikin abin da a karon farko a duk fadin kasar, an sanar da cewa masanin kimiyya ne ya halitta a fasahar a kan abin da Amirkawa komai a fili a kan wata. A shekarar 1970, musamman kwamitin shari'a Kondratyuka barata a cikin akwati a cikin abin da ya shafe shekaru da dama a cikin "sharashka".