Mene ne GLONASS da kuma yadda shi ya bambanta daga American GPS

Rasha Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) a kafofin watsa labarai ya kwanan nan aka bai wa mai yawa da hankali, wani sauki layman, musamman da nisa daga matsaloli na tauraron dan adam kewayawa, shi iya ze cewa tsarin ne don haka sabon da kuma a cikin jariri. A gaskiya, wannan shi ne cikakken ba da harka. Kuma duk da haka, abin da GLONASS? Lokacin da ta bayyana, da kuma mafi-sani GPS?

A tarihin fitowan na cikin gida da tauraron dan adam kewayawa

A ra'ayin amfani da wucin gadi duniya da tauraron dan adam da bukatun kewayawa bayyana a cikin hamsin hamsin na karshe karni, a lokacin da na farko abu halitta da hannun ɗan adam, ya bayyana a Duniya falaki. Just to, kallon farko siginar tauraron ɗan adam, masana kimiyya gani a yi da cewa mita na wata sigina samu daga tauraron dan adam dake a wani sarari suKe dabam dangane da matsayinta, dangi da Kiyayewa (Doppler sakamako). Bugu da ƙari kuma, sanin ainihin matsayin da Kiyayewa, a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai iya auna matsayin da gudu na tauraron dan adam, kuma daidai da, mataimakin versa. Amirkawa wannan ra'ayin da aka gane a cikin 1974, lokacin da DNSS shirin kaddamar da tauraron dan adam na farko kewayawa (daga baya da shirin da aka mai suna Navstar-GPS, sa'an nan - kamar wani GPS).

Kuma abin da a Space mahaifarsa? Soviet masana kimiyya a wannan lokacin ma, an ba a zaune idly ta. Ko kafin duniya koyi cewa wani GLONASS ko GPS, a 1967 kaddamar da tauraron dan adam na farko kewayawa "Kosmos-192" da kuma "Cosmos-220" a 1968. Duka da tauraron dan adam da aka tsara don bukatun kewayawa da su samar da dogon-nesa sadarwa na Soviet Navy jiragen ruwa kuma ka kasance daga saman kewayawa tsarin "Cyclone" (yakin version - "Cicada"). Kuma a shekarar 1976, da tsarin yana da wani membobinsu na 6 kumbon sama jannati "Sail", an riga an sa a cikin sabis. A positional daidaito shi ne 80-100 m, wanda ba haka ba ne bad ga lokaci.

Kusan lokaci guda da ya zama sananne cewa wani GLONASS. A shekarar 1976, a ci gaba da shirin "Cyclone" na CC CPSU da kuma Tarayyar Soviet majalisar ministocin kasar da bayar da umurnin musamman a kan kara ci gaba da na cikin gida da tauraron dan adam kewayawa. Duk da m canjawa da lokaci, a watan Oktoba 1982, na farko da tauraron dan adam zuwa cikin sararin samaniya "Hurricane" da aka kaddamar da suka shafi cikin GLONASS tsarin, da kuma ta 1991 ya riga a sarari suKe 12 da tauraron dan adam bodied.

M tallafi na tsarin aiki ya faru a cikin watan Satumba 1993, kuma ta 1995 da tauraron dan adam kungiyar kunshi 24 da tauraron dan adam (yawan ma'aikata). Abin baƙin ciki, da sake fasalin kudin, da m rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, kazalika da iyaka rayuwa na tauraron dan adam ya kai ga cewa ta 2001, akwai kawai 6 kewayewa aiki da tauraron dan adam, da kuma cewa shi ne da GLONASS fara sannu a hankali manta.

Wadannan tallafi a 2001 na tarayya shirin halin da ake ciki yanzu ya fara gyara, kuma ƙarshen 2011 yau da kullum da yawan da tauraron dan adam da aka kawo wa ake so matakin. Domin lokaci 2012 -2020 gg. a kan ci gaban GLONASS kasaftawa 320 biliyan rubles. A wannan lokaci, shi ne ya shirya, don samar da kuma kaddamar da tauraron dan adam 22 more "GLONASS-K" da kuma 15 "GLONASS-M"

Ta yaya GLONASS

Ka'idar aiki na cikin gida kewayawa tsarin ne guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin American GPS. Orbiting da tauraron dan adam ci gaba emit iri biyu sakonni - misali da high daidaituwa da suke da samuwa ga masu amfani da located kusan ko ina a duniya. kawai m GLONASS kayan aiki ake bukata domin sanin ainihin tsarawa.

Ko da yake daidaicin kayyade daidaita tsarin amfani da m dan kadan na baya Amurka (3-6 vs. 2-4 m m) da kuma ajali guntu sabis da tauraron dan adam, GLONASS na samar da mafi kwanciyar hankali saboda gaskiyar cewa ba ya dogara ne a kan Duniya ta juyawa, kuma saboda haka Yana ba ya bukatar wani ƙarin sabawa. Idan muka magana game da daidaito, da 2020, developers shirya kara da shi zuwa 0.6 m, kuma a nan gaba - har zuwa 0.1 m.

Amma ga mai karɓa kayan aiki, da GLONASS-navigators, hadedde tare wayoyin salula na zamani a yanzu shigar da yau da kullum da wayoyin. Modern matasan na'urar iya aiki da duka biyu GLONASS da GPS, a yau ba za ka iya saya da yardar kaina a cikin shagunan da cewa sayar da mabukaci Electronics, ko da umarnin daga online store.