Development of ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha

History of ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha ya fara bayyana a cikin 60s 19veka. Sai a wannan lokaci, da karanta jama'a da kuma kimiyya al'umma da aka farko Masana fassarorin da articles da kuma littattafan Comte. Tartsatsi Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a karfi kange katsalandan na ideas na Comte, kazalika da rashin amfani a kasashen waje positivism bayan mutuwarsa. A kalaman na "karatu na biyu" na Auguste Comte, ya kama da raya ƙasashe da Faransa, da kuma Rasha kãma. A mujallu "Rasha kalmar", "zamani", "Notes da Fatherland", da dai sauransu articles fara bayyana a kan ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma Comte, rubuta VV Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

An babban taimako ga ci gaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha sanya farko Rasha sociologists: kafa na kimiyya Kareya Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov da sauransu. Sun gudummawar da ci gaban da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha, forming da kansa tsarin kula da ilmi da kuma nazarin al'amarin rayuwa. Su kyan gani, al'umma ta hanyar da Prism na cikin hali na ta mutane, musamman mutanen m, ɓullo, mai aiki - kayadadden Hanyar. Daya daga cikin ayyukan N. K. Mihaylovskogo aka kira - "Heroes da taron". Development of ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha aka alama ta da wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi: Ana zargin da mutum hali na jinsin dabbobi, da ci gaba na al'umma kuma da rabo daga aiki, da rabo daga halitta da kuma zamantakewa da ci gaban a cikin al'umma, da tasiri a kan ci gaban tattalin arziki Sphere.

Ilimin halayyar a Rasha ta farkon karni na 20th ya na da wasu nasarori. Development of ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha a lokacin da aka alama ta fadada daga cikin kewayon da karatu da matsaloli faruwa wadannan yankunan: m, Gwargwadon, jari-hujja. A wannan lokaci da Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a fara shafi ci gaban da dogon-kafa sciences: tarihi, dokar, falsafa da kuma sauran ilimomin kimiyyar zamantakewa.

Idan muka magana game da matakai na raya ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha, lokaci na farko da zai iya da kyau a dangana samuwar, da haihuwa na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha, wanda dade daga 60 zuwa 90 shekaru na 19th karni. Sai a wannan lokaci yada sociological ideas, kafa da shugabanci na sociological tunani, wanda ya dauki tushen a Rasha kimiyya.

Ilimin halayyar a Rasha zamani daga shekaru 90 na karni na 19th zuwa 20s na karni na 20th, dauke a matsayin na biyu mataki na ci gaba - akwai institutionalization, watau ta fitarwa da al'umma da kuma kasa, da kafa kimiyya cibiyoyin, sassa da kuma ƙungiyoyin .. kafuwar al'ummomi da kuma mujallar kimiyya, da dai sauransu

A wannan mataki na cin gaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha ya faru a kusa da hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen waje, wato da Turai ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Takaici,, a cikin 1920s. kafa mafi m da maƙiya hali zuwa zamantakewa kimiyya ta Soviet hukuma ta fara. Kammala wannan mataki rufe da sociological cibiyoyi da sociologists da wadanda ba akidar Karl Marx ra'ayoyi da kuma koyarwar aka fitar daga Rasha, ko aika zuwa sansanonin "re-ilimi". Tun da 1922, sashen rufe kuma tasha horo a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a jami'o'i rufe Sociological Society, tushen M. M. Kovalevskim.

The uku mataki a Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a shi ne "black" da kuma dade daga 1920s. har 1950s. A wannan lokacin, ilimin halayyar zaman na'am da lakabin na "bourgeois kimiyya" da kuma hambararren akidar Karl Marx-Leninist falsafa da kuma kimiyya kwaminisanci.

New m institutionalization fara kawai bayan da Allah wadai "hali daba" na Stalin, amma aka kange ta da ci gaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na CPSU kuma ba ta da sama da fadi da rarraba a cikin al'umma.

Modern, na huɗu mataki zo a cikin 1980s kuma aka alama da saurin ci gaban da Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Ilimin halayyar na'am da matsayi na wani m kimiyya da aka sanar a duk Rasha makarantu.

Bayan da ta shiga duk matakai na raya ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha za mu ga cewa shi yana da fiye da rabin ƙarni. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne daya daga cikin hanzari tasowa kimiyya, hankali shafe ta da gibba mu ilmi game da zamantakewa dangantaka da jama'a, mu aka hankali kamawa up tare da kasa da makaranta na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a raya ƙasashe suka yi tafi a gaba.