A tsarin da ruwa tare hydra

A wannan labarin, za ka koyi dukan game da tsarin da ruwa tare hydra, ta hanyarsa ta rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, haifuwa.

A waje tsarin da hydra

Polyp (wanda yake nufin "Thalipedes") Hydra - wani kankanin translucent halittun da rayuwa a cikin sarari m ruwan koguna tare da jinkirin halin yanzu, tabkuna, tafkunan. Wannan cnidarian dabba ko kuma wata sedentary salon a haɗe. A waje tsarin da ruwa tare hydra sosai sauki. The jiki yana da wani ma dama cylindrical siffar. A daya daga cikin iyakar ne ayi a bakin wanda aka kewaye da wani kambi na wani jam'i na dogon bakin ciki tentacles (biyar zuwa goma sha biyu). A wasu karshen na jiki ne da tafin kafa, ta hanyar abin da dabba za a iya a haɗe zuwa daban-daban abubuwa a karkashin ruwa. ruwa tare hydra jiki tsawon ne har zuwa 7 mm, amma tentacles iya ƙwarai fadada, kuma isa wani tsawon dama santimita.

radial fasali

Bari mu bincika waje tsarin da hydra. Tebur za ta taimaka wa tuna sassa na jiki da kuma su ayyuka.

A jikin hydra, kazalika da yawa wasu dabbobi, abu kulla rai, halin da radial fasali. Mene ne wannan? Idan muka kwatanta da hydra kuma tare da wani kirkirarren axis na jiki, da tentacles na dabba zai diverge daga axis a duk inda, kamar haskoki na rana.

Gina hydra shibtarsu ta hanyarsa ta rayuwa. An haɗe zuwa wani kura idon abu, tafin kafa, leans saukar da fara lilo, binciko kewaye yankin da taimakon tentacles. The dabba hunts. Tun hydra tarkuna kama, wanda za a iya bayyana a kan ko dai gefe, kamar haskoki tsakaitã tsari na tentacles optimally.

hanji rami

A ciki tsarin da hydra ta dauki kusa look. The jiki ne kamar hydra oblong 'yar jakar. Its ganuwar an hada da biyu yadudduka na Kwayoyin, tsakanin wanda da extracellular matrix (mesoglea). Kamar haka, akwai hanji cikin jiki (ciki) kogo. Abinci ratsa cikin shi ta bakin. Mene ne ban sha'awa shi ne cewa hydra, wanda a halin yanzu ba ya ci, da bakinka shi ne kusan ƙarancin. Ectoderm Kwayoyin suna rufe da Fused kazalika da sauran na jiki surface. Saboda haka kowane lokaci kafin ka ci, hydra da sake tono bakin.

A tsarin da ruwa tare hydra damar da shi su canza wurin zama. A tushe na dabba akwai wani kunkuntar bude - aboral tafi. Ta hanyar da shi daga hanji lumen ruwa za a iya saki, da kuma karamin gas kumfa. Tare da wannan ginshiki ne iya hydra cire daga substrate da kuma taso kan ruwa zuwa cikin ruwa surface. A wannan hanya mai sauƙi, ta amfani da igiyoyin, shi ne ya daidaita a kan wani tafki.

ectoderm

A ciki tsarin da hydra gabatar ectoderm da indodem. Ectoderm kira da matsanancin Layer na sel kafa jiki hydra. Idan ka dubi dabba a karkashin wani microscope, za ka iya ganin cewa tana nufin dama jinsunan ectoderm Kwayoyin: harbin, tsaka-tsaki da kuma epithelial-murdede.

The most kungiyar - fata-tsoka Kwayoyin. Su tuntube juna da kuma samar da kaikaice bangarorin da surface na dabba ta jiki. Kowane cell yana da wani tushe - cancellable tsoka fibril. Wannan inji bayar da ikon motsa.

Tare da rage fibrils dabba jiki shrinks, elongates, bends. Kuma idan ƙi faru a kan kawai a gefe daya na jiki, da hydra bends. Godiya ga wannan aikin da dabba Kwayoyin iya matsar a cikin hanyoyi biyu - "tumbling" da "pacing."

Har ila yau a cikin matsanancin Layer aka shirya starlike jijiya Kwayoyin. Suna da dogon matakai a wadda lamba tare da juna, forming guda cibiyar sadarwa - plexus, entwine dukan jiki na hydra. Haša jijiya Kwayoyin da fata-murdede.

Tsakanin epithelial-murdede Kwayoyin shirya kungiyoyin na kananan, taso keya Kwayoyin tare da matsakaiciyar manyan nuclei da kuma kananan adadin cytoplasm. Idan hydra jiki ya lalace, sa'an nan na tsaka-tsaki Kwayoyin fara girma da kuma raba. Sun iya juya a cikin wani irin cell.

harbin Kwayoyin

Hydra sifar tantanin halitta yana da ban sha'awa, cancanci musamman ambaci harbin (nettle) Kwayoyin, wanda aka cike da gidajen gona da dukan jiki na dabba, musamman da tentacles. Harbin Kwayoyin suna da wani hadadden tsarin. Bugu da kari da tsakiya da kuma cytoplasm a cikin cell located vesicular harbin masallaci a cikin abin da aka yi birgima cikin wani bututu mafi kyau thread harbin.

Na sel da ke kula da gashi. Idan ganima, ko abokan gaba zo ga wannan gashi, da straightening na kaifi harbin filament, kuma shi ne jefa fita. A kaifi tip hudawa jikin wanda aka azabtar, da kuma wucewa a kan ciki da yarn tashar ake kawota guba cewa zai iya kashe wani karamin dabba.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne ya haddasa wani yawa na harbin Kwayoyin. Hydra tentacles kama ganima, janyo hankalin zuwa bakinsa da tsattsewa. A dafin secreted da harbin Kwayoyin, da kuma hidima ga kare. Ya fi girma da yara kada ku shãfe azãba mai harbin hydras. A guba na hydra a mataki kama guba nettles.

Harbin Kwayoyin kuma za a iya rarraba su zuwa dama iri. Wasu strands allura guba, wasu - suna upholstered a kusa da aka azabtar, yayin da wasu tsaya da shi. Bayan aiki harbin cell mutu da kuma na tsaka-tsaki da aka kafa daga sabon.

entoderm

Hydra tsarin yakan haifar da wanzuwar irin Tsarin matsayin ciki Layer na sel, da indodem. Wadannan Kwayoyin ma da tsoka contractile fibrils. Su main aiki - narkewa. indodem Kwayoyin asirce narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace kai tsaye zuwa cikin hanji lumen. Ƙarƙashin ikonsa samar aka raba cikin barbashi. Wasu indodem Kwayoyin da dogon flagella, kullum kasancewa a kan tafi. Rawar da suka taka - a cire barbashi abinci ga Kwayoyin, wanda, bi da bi, samar da ƙarya da ƙafãfu da kuma ansu rubuce-rubucen da abinci.

Narkewa ci gaba a cikin sel, don haka ya kira kwayuka. Sarrafa abinci a cikin vacuoles, kuma undigested saurã an fitad ta bakin. Numfasawa da saki ya auku ta cikin jiki surface. Ka yi la'akari da sake salon salula tsarin da hydra. Tebur za a fili yin haka.

reflexes

A tsarin da hydra shi ne cewa shi zai iya jin wani canji a zazzabi, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ruwa, kazalika da touch da sauran kasashe. A jijiya Kwayoyin na dabba na iya zama m. Alal misali, lokacin da ta shãfe tare da tip na allura, da alama lura da touch of sauran jijiya Kwayoyin za a canja, kamar yadda ya jijiya Kwayoyin - ga epithelial-murdede. Fata da kuma tsoka Kwayoyin amsa da kuma rage, da hydra za a matsa zuwa wani ball.

Irin wannan dauki - a m misali na reflex. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden sabon abu ya kunshi cikin m, saukarwa - da ji na kara kuzari, da yaduwar zumudi da kuma mayar da martani. Hydra ne mai matukar sauki tsarin, don haka monotonous da kuma numfashinsa.

farfadowa

The salula tsarin da hydra damar da shi zuwa regenerate kankanin dabba. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da matsakaiciyar Kwayoyin located a kan surface na jiki, za a iya canza kama zuwa wani irin.

Idan wani lalacewar jiki ta Kwayoyin fara zuwa matsakaici hanzari raba, girma da kuma maye gurbin m sassa. The rauni warkaswa. Hydra regenerative damar iya yin komai ne don haka high cewa idan muka yanke shi a cikin rabin, wani sashi girma wani sabon tentacles da bakinka, da kuma sauran - da kara da kuma tafin kafa.

agamobium

Hydra iya haifa biyu asexual da kuma jima'i hanya. A karkashin sharadi gwargwado, a lokacin rani a kan dabba ta jiki bayyana kananan karo, garun bulges. A tsawon lokaci, da tudun tsiro, shi lullube. A ta karshen akwai tentacles karya bakinka.

Kamar wancan akwai matasa hydra haɗa da iyaye jiki zangarniya. Wannan tsari shine ake kira budding, tun da shi ne kama da ci gaba na sabon harbe a shuka. A lõkacin da samarin Hydra shirya don rayuwa a kan nasu, shi buds. Yaro da kuma masu juna biyu kwayoyin a haɗe zuwa substrate tentacles da kuma ja a daban-daban kwatance har suka rabu.

syngenesis

Lokacin da ya fara zama sanyi da kuma halitta unfavorable yanayi, ya zo da nuna of jima'i haifuwa. A cikin kaka na tsaka-tsaki na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a fara da nunawa jam sel, namiji da mace, da cewa shi ne, kwai da kuma maniyyi Kwayoyin. Kwai Kwayoyin hydras kamar amoebas. Su ne manyan, an rufe shi da ƙarya da ƙafa. Maniyyi Kwayoyin suna da kamar flagellate protozoa, su sami damar iyo da taimakon flagella, da kuma barin jiki na hydra.

Bayan da maniyyi shiga cikin kwai cell, su nuclei fis da kuma hadi faruwa. Pseudopodia kwan da ya hadu Kwayoyin suna kõma, shi ne taso keya, da kuma harsashi zama thicker. Kafa kwai.

Duk da hydra a cikin kaka, tare da farko na sanyi weather, aka kashe. Mahaifiyar ta jiki disintegrates, amma kwai ya rage da rai da kuma winters. A cikin bazara ya fara rayayye rarraba, da Kwayoyin suna shirya a biyu yadudduka. Tare da farko na dumi weather, kadan hydra karya harsashi daga cikin kwai da kuma fara zaman kanta rayuwa.