Heterotrophic - shi ne ga jiki?

Abinci - wani irin wata tsari ta da jiki samun bukata makamashi da kuma gina jiki ga cell metabolism, gyara da kuma ci gaban.

Heterotrophs: general halaye

Heterotrophic - wadanda kwayoyin da cewa amfani da kwayoyin abinci kafofin. Ba za su iya haifar da gudanar da mahadi daga inorganic, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin tsari na photo- ko chemosynthesis autotrophs (kore shuke-shuke da kuma wasu prokaryotes). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rayuwa ta bayyana kwayoyin dogara da ayyukan da autotrophs.

Ya kamata a lura cewa heterotrophs - wani mutum, dabbobi, fungi, da kuma shuke-shuke da micro-kwayoyin da suke iya photo- ko chemosynthesis. Ba dole ne a ce cewa akwai wani irin kwayoyin da cewa yin amfani da haske da makamashi ta samar da kansa kwayoyin abubuwa. Yana fotogeterotrofy.

Heterotrophs samun abinci a hanyoyi daban-daban. Amma su an rage wa uku main matakai (narkewa, sha da kuma assimilation), a cikin abin da hadaddun kwayoyin gidaje suna cleaved zuwa mafi sauki da kuma tunawa da kyallen takarda tare da m amfani da bukatun da kwayoyin.

rarrabuwa na heterotrophic

Dukan su kasu kashi 2 kungiyoyin - masu amfani da kuma decomposers. A karshen ne karshe mahada a cikin abinci sarkar, kamar yadda iya mayar da gudanar da mahadi a cikin ma'adinai abu. Konsumentami ne waɗanda kwayoyin da cewa suna shirye su yi amfani da hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi wanda aka kafa a cikin rãyuwar autotrophs ba tare da makomarsu hira da ma'adinai sharan.

Bugu da kari, suna heterotrophs - shi saprophytes ko parasites. Saprophytes ciyar da gudanar da mahadi daga matattu kwayoyin. Wannan mafi yawan dabbobi, yisti, mold da kuma namomin kaza shlyapkovye, kazalika da kwayoyin da zai haddasa fermentation da putrefaction.

Parasites ciyar a kan hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi daga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan sun hada da wasu protozoa, parasitic tsutsotsi, sauro da ticks. Wannan kungiya ta hada har da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, parasitic shuke-shuke, heterotrophs (misali, mistletoe) da kuma namomin kaza-parasites.

Ikon heterotrophic kwayoyin

By da yanayin ikon heterotrophs ne sosai bambancin. Saboda haka, akwai kuma herbivorous ko carnivorous jinsunan, parasites, kuma da yara kwayoyin cewa cinye abinci kamar yadda matattu shuka zaruruwa ko dabba gawawwaki, kazalika da siffofin da cewa ana amfani da ikonta narkar da kwayoyin halitta.

Idan muka magana game da nauóín heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki, shi ya kamata a ambata holozoic form. Irin wannan cin ganyayyaki shi ne kullum halayyar dabba kuma ya hada da wadannan matakai:

• Kamawa abinci da hadiya.
• Narkewa. Ya unshi tsakiyan nonon kwayoyin kwayoyin cikin karami barbashi cewa ta soke mafi sauƙi a cikin ruwa. An lura da cewa da farko ya wuce inji nika abinci (msl, hakora), ya bi ta hanyar daukan hotuna zuwa takamaiman narkewa kamar enzymes (sinadaran da narkewa).
• Tsotsa. Gina jiki, ko nan da nan fada a cikin nama, ko a cikin jini na farko, sa'an nan tare halin yanzu a cikin daban-daban gabobin.
• Assimilation (assimilation). Shi ne da yin amfani da gina jiki.
• Tukar tumbi - cire karshe musayar kuma undigested kayayyakin abinci.

Kwayoyin-saprotrophs

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, da kwayoyin da cewa ciyar a kan matattu kwayoyin sharan ake kira saprophytes. Domin narkewa suka emit dace enzymes sa'an nan sha da abu kafa a sakamakon irin wannan extracellular narkewa. Namomin kaza - heterotrophs, wanda su ne batun a saprophytic irin abinci - shi ne, misali, yisti, ko fungi Mucor, Rhizppus. An same su a cikin wani al'ada matsakaici da kuma asirce enzymes da kuma bakin ciki da kuma branched mycelium samar da gwaji surface sha. Saboda haka, glucose ne numfashi tsari da kuma tabbatar da fungi makamashi da ake amfani da rayuwa halayen. Dole ne in ce cewa da yawa kwayoyin ne ma saprophytes.

Ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa mahadi wanda aka kafa ta saprophytes ikon, ba tunawa da su. Wadannan abubuwa shigar da yanayi, sa'an nan kuma za a iya amfani da shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa saprophytic aiki taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zagayowar kwayoyin halitta.

A ra'ayi na symbiosis

Kalmar "symbiosis" da aka gabatar da masana kimiyya De Bari, wanda ya lura da cewa akwai wata kungiya ko dangantaka ta kusa tsakanin kwayoyin daban-daban jinsunan.

Saboda haka, akwai heterotrophic kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin narkewa kamar fili na herbivorous dabbobi zhuynyh. Sun iya zuwa nike cellulose, cin abinci da shi. Wadannan kwayoyin iya tsira a anaerobic narkewa da manne cellulose zuwa mafi sauki mahadi da cewa rundunar dabbobi iya da kansa nike da assimilate. Wani misali na wannan za a iya kira symbiotic shuka da kuma tushen nodules kwayoyin na HALITTAR Rhizobium.

Idan muka magana game da Gwamuwar daban-daban kwayoyin, shi wajibi ne in ambaci sabon abu na parasitism. Idan shi ne daya daga wadannan (m) amfanin daga wannan Gwamuwar, da sauran a lokaci guda - kawai cuta (mai shi). Saboda haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, da m samar ban da wanda yake zaune, ba kawai na gina jiki amma kuma samun to shi mafaka.

Parasites wanda rayuwa a cikin matsanancin surface daga cikin rundunar da ake kira ectoparasites (fleas, mites ko leeches). Su ne ba kawai a parasitic salon. A ciki ne obligate. Suna halin da wanzuwar wani parasitic (wanda, misali, porcine tapeworm, Plasmodium ko hanta fluke).

Don takaice, ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa heterotrophs - ne musamman m kungiyar na rai ne, wanda ba kawai hulɗa tare da juna, amma kuma iya shafar wasu kwayoyin.