Branch - menene wannan? Concept, rarrabuwa da kuma iri daban-daban da masana'antu

M sojojin ayan ci gaba da cewa ci gaba da ma'anar da rabo daga aiki da kuma ilimi sassa na tattalin arziki da kuma su kungiyoyin. A cikin mahallin da nazarin tattalin arziki da matakai, yana da muhimmanci ga amsa tambaya: "Abin da yake da masana'antu?"

A kasa tattalin arzikin

Multi-tsarin tattalin arzikin na kasa tattalin arzikin saboda kasancewar wani babban yawan daban-daban samarwa matakai da hanyoyin da assigning kerarre kaya.

All subsystems da kuma sassa na tsarin na kasa tattalin arzikin nuna da tsarin. Ta canji za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar bullo da kimiyya da kuma fasaha ci gaba a samar da matakai, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki canje-canje a cikin al'umma da kuma sauran harkokin duniya. Akwai sabon rassan da sub-rassan a kan bango na bacewar na haihuwa, shi ne wani canji na samfurin mix. Branch - ne talakawan matakin na aiki na da daidaituwar tattalin arziki category na kasa da tattalin arziki. Kuma shi zai ba da damar ya yi nazarin more fili fahimtar hadadden tsarin dake faruwa a tattalin arzikin duniya.

Tsarin tattalin arziki hadaddun

Tsarin da tattalin arzikin za a iya raba bisa ga wadannan sharudda:

1. Aluma (masana'antu - shi ne mai raba yankin a farm): noma, masana'antu, sufuri, da dai sauransu ...
2. Aikin (bisa ga aiki): Energy, yi, aikin injiniya da kuma sauran gidaje.
3. Regional (bisa ga Gwargwadon wuri a cikin wani musamman jihar).

Mene ne masana'antu?

Nazarin tattalin arziki tsarin na kasar ne inextricably nasaba da ra'ayi kafin mu. Saboda haka, duk karfe kera dokoki da karafa masana'antu, duk manoman - m, da dai sauransu Saboda haka, masana'antun - .. A sa na kera kayayyaki, da sayar da shi a cikin daya kasuwar (a cikin duniya ma'ana).

A yi, duk da haka, da yawa kera a lokaci guda nuna dama iri kayayyakin, don haka shi ne mafi daidai to da wadannan definition. Branch - a sa na tattalin arziki da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kera kayayyaki na wani irin gudu su kasuwanci tare da guda yanki na kayan aiki. Sale na kayayyakin iya za'ayi a daban-daban kasuwanni. Domin sauki, da tattalin arziki da bincike shi ne a zaci cewa kowane guda manufacturer samar daya kyau, aiwatar da shi a cikin wannan kasuwar.

Yadda za a gane wani musamman mabukaci samfurin? A dangantawa zuwa ga kalma "masana'antu" - wani reshe na shugabanci, saboda haka, cinye ta kayayyakin zai zama manufa masu sauraro. Idan samar mabukaci mai kyau, saya shi zai zama kasar yawan jama'a. A samfurin a cikin nau'i na wucin gadi amfani da sha'awa ga wadanda wasu yankunan tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, kamfanonin sarrafa dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun sayar gaba daya redesigned fata Semi-ƙãre samfurin, misali, a wani kamfanin takalma da. An muhimmanci al'amari na tattalin arzikin kasuwanci ne girmama ma'auni na wadata da kuma bukatar a daban-daban masana'antu da kasuwanni.

tsarin

Industry - wannan shi ne wani muhimmin tattalin arziki ra'ayi, don haka nazarin da tsarin, wanda yana nufin wani abun da ke ciki rabo da kuma dangantaka da wasu masana'antu, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci ainihin tattalin arziki tafiyar matakai.

A tsarin da manyan masana'antu aka shafi al'amurra da dama, mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu:

• gabatarwar kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba.
• acculturation da jindadin.
• m, taro kuma specialization na masana'antu tafiyar matakai.
• hari ga ci gaban masana'antu da kuma duk da sub-sassa.
• kasa da kasa rabo daga aiki matakai.
• zamantakewa da siyasa dalilai na duniya.
• Jihar ta matsayi a duniya kasuwanni.

Branch tsari ne mafi m, a cikin hali a lokacin da ta aiki da aka bayar ta hanyar yin amfani da kimiyya da kuma fasaha ci gaba, da kuma aiwatar da tasiri hanyoyin da siffofin masana'antu kungiyar da kuma yin amfani da mutum da kuma kayan albarkatun.

ra'ayoyi

A ra'ayi na masana'antu ne da kakkarfan dangankata da matakai na ra'ayoyi da kuma rungumar. Fannoni daban daban na tattalin arziki a hade halaye ga wasu kungiyoyin, wanda za su iya aiki a matsayin hanya dukiya / samfurin ko kama tsari. Group of masana'antu ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a masana'antu.

Duk wadanda ke da hannu a cikin pastries (muffins, gurasa, Bagels, da sauransu. D.), Ya kamata a harhada a cikin gidan burodi masana'antu. Furodusa na sweets (ice cream, cakulan, pastries), zai fi dacewa batutuwa a cikin shagon. All "milkmen" (madara kera, cuku, kirim mai tsami) - a cikin kiwo masana'antu. Lambu wanda tsunduma a cikin namo 'ya'yan itatuwa (pears, plums, apples) - a horticultural.

Tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa mafi girma generality na tattalin arziki matakai iya hada dukkan wadannan masana'antun kan samar da abinci a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Shi ne a kan wannan manufa daukan sanya ra'ayoyi na masana'antu a cikin zamani tattalin arzikin.

ga tattalin arziki

By yin haka, za ka iya samun dama manyan united tattalin arziki trends. Fahimci abin da masana'antu a da tattalin arziki, za ta taimaka magance irin na karfafa abokai. Saboda haka, kowanne daga cikin wadannan sassa aka kafa a kan tushen da yanayin samar da generality. Don kwanan wata, akwai da wadannan babban sassa :

1. Aikin Gona, da gandunan daji, farauta da kama kifi.
2. Ciro masana'antu.
3. Masana'antu.
4. Construction.
5. Da wutar lantarki, ruwa da kuma iskar gas.
6. Ciniki: wholesale da Retail.
7. Kai da kuma sarrafawa.
8. Medicine.
9. Ilimi.
10. Hotels da kuma gidajen cin abinci.
11. Finance.
12. Jama'a sabis.

Tattalin arziki m hada data sassa a cikin ya fi girma yankunan:

1. kasa samarwa sassa - daga aikin noma don yi.
2. Service kashi (ko iskar dangantakar) - daga cinikayya zuwa aikin farar hula.

A hade da wadannan biyu duniya sassa zai rufe cikakken duk samarwa da kuma tattalin arziki matakai a jihar.

A rarrabuwa na masana'antu OKONH

A iri-iri ayyuka na kasa tattalin arzikin Enterprises haifar da bukatar rarrabuwa da kuma ordering. Rasha na neman shiga gasar da "National Tattalin Arziki Branches" shi ne a hanyar da ra'ayoyi ayyuka a yankunan a cikin ra'ayi na yanayi na ayyuka da kuma siffofin da tsarin. Wannan rarrabuwa da aka soke a shekara ta 2003, amma nazari na da tsarin da masana'antu shi ne bu mai kyau don fara da shi. Iri sassa na tattalin arziki, bisa ga ra'ayoyi na IBAN, suka rabu biyu kungiyoyin. Abun da ke ciki ne da aka jera a cikin Table.

Rarrabuwa ta NACE

A ranar, da Rasha rarrabuwa na sassa na tattalin arzikin faruwa da tattalin arziki aiki (NACE), wanda ya shafi cikin rabuwa da wadannan kungiyoyin:

aikin yi, abin kõyi

Duk wani tattalin arziki rassan, ko kungiyoyin na sassa na tattalin arzikin ne halin da yawan ma'aikata, janyo hankalin kansu (aiki a karafa masana'antu, misali, ne 5% na jimlar aiki da karfi management). A rabo daga aikin yi a daban-daban sassa na tattalin arzikin da ake kira da tsarin aiki, da ya dogara da yawan aiki na ma'aikata da kuma bukatar daban-daban kaya.

Saboda haka ta yaya ne wani redistribution na tsarin a kasa tattalin arzikin? A tsarin aikin ne a hankali da alaka da canje-canje a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki. Ya nuna da tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, alƙaluma da sauran fasali na aiki na al'umma.

A tsarin aikin hada da dama aka gyara:

1. Jama'a masu zaman kansu:

• aiki a cikin jama'a ga tattalin arziki.
• aiki a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

2. Social - a gani na aji tsarin da jama'a, da rabo daga cikin yawan tare da bangarori daban-daban na rayuwa.

3. Industry - nuna mataki na ci gaba sassa na tattalin arzikin jihar.

4. Regional - rinjayar da wadannan yi na yankin tattalin arzikin:

• yin amfani da aiki da albarkatun;
• da matakin na ci gaba da albarkatun kasa na ƙasa.
• matakin na tattalin arziki aiki;
• da rabo daga cikin aiki yawan jama'a.

5. sana'a, cancantar - samar da bayani game da yawan da kuma kwarewa daga cikin ma'aikata a yankin.

6. jinsi da shekaru.

7. Family - halin da wadannan siffofin:

• Yana nuna wa sauran tattalin arziki yanayin kasa.
• da matakin na iyali samun kudin shiga ne kai tsaye dogara a kan alƙaluma Manuniya, wato mace-mace da kuma haihuwa.
• tattalin arziki da sake fasalin kamata faru domin inganta tattalin arziki matakin na aiki iyalansu.

8. National - nazarin aiki da karfi a kan wani kasa akai.

Duk da links suna a hankali alaka da kasa tattalin arzikin da ba zai iya zama dabam.