Volga: Gwargwadon wuri. Description na Volga River

Babban kogi, dauke da ruwa daga Valdai Hills ga Caspian Sea, daya daga cikin mafi girma a shipping arteries kasar mu - shi ne Volga. Kasa wuri samar ta rawa wajen ci gaban harkokin ciniki da kuma kafa manyan birane na Slavic kabilu. Volga - mafi girma a kogin a Turai. Kuma a yau za ta zauna ita da wani muhimmanci tushen sabo ruwa da wutar lantarki kai line kuma fa, tã zuwa ta gefe na babban yawan masu yawon shakatawa da kuma baƙi. Ina da Volga River , da kuma abin da suke da fasali? Wannan za a tattauna a kasa.

Volga: Gwargwadon wuri

A kogin aka yi wa ado da Turai bangare na kasar mu. A kananan offshoot na babban tashar gudana ta ƙasar Kazakhstan. Istok Volga aka located a cikin Valdai Hills (229 mita saman teku matakin). Kamar yadda aka fiye ĩmãni, da mai girma kogin farawa kusa da kauyen Volgoverkhovye Tver yankin. Volga tasa bautarka game da wani uku na Turai ƙasa na Rasha. Yana kara daga Valdai kuma Tsakiya Rasha upland up zuwa Urals.

Volga an dauki mafi girma a kogin a duniya, ba su fada cikin teku. Su ruwa shi daukawa da Caspian Sea, to wanda yana nufin tafki. A tsawon kogin - 3530 km, jimlar fall -. 256 m Volga tasa maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na kan daya murabba'in kilomita miliyan.

Great River za a iya raba sassa uku: saman (daga tushen zuwa bakin Oka), matsakaici (daga bakin da Oka River zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Kama), kasa (daga bakin Kama River da Caspian Sea).

tushen

A kogin fãra daga cikin key tasowa daga fadama kusa da kauyen Volgoverkhovye. Kusa da shi ne gina haikalin. The sosai source na Volga aka located a karkashin kasa na karamin katako ɗakin sujada a kan stilts. Yana sanye take da wani musamman taga, ta hanyar abin da diba da kuma yarda ka sha ruwa.

Bayan game da uku kilomita daga tushen na Volga gudana a tarnaƙi a cikin biyu tabkuna, na farko a cikin kananan Verkhita, sa'an nan a cikin Big Verkhita. Bugu da ari, ta hanyar ta'allaka ta hanyar da babba tafki. A farko da manyan lake, na zuwa gare shi - shi Sterzh. Volga tare da babban karfi ta mamaye ta ruwa da sauri, ba tare da hadawa, ya ci nasara da su. An ce, a ranar da rana za ka iya ganin yadda kogin gudana ta hanyar da lake.

babba Volga

Kafin halittar kududdufai kogin tsawon tsawon shi da ya 3690 km. A farko dam tare da kogin aka located bayan Verkhnevolzhskiye Lakes (Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, da Volga). Yana da aka gina a 1843. A cikin Upper Volga kududdufai located 'yan a yau: Ivankovskoe (nan gaba koma zuwa ga Moscow Sea, to shi ne da mulkin hydroelectric shuka a kusa da birnin Dubna), Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky (located a Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod sama).

A farko da manyan gari a kan tushen da kogin - Rzhev. A cikin Upper Volga ne irin wannan zamanin da birane a matsayin Kostroma, Tver, Uglich da Yaroslavl. Yana gudana ta hanyar mai wasan kwaikwayo yankin, shi ne yadu zube, sa'an nan quntata tsakanin m bankuna.

Babban aikin gandu na kogin a kan wannan sashi: Selizharovka, Dark, Kotorosl, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sheksna, Unzha.

tsakiya Volga

Bayan mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Oka kogin gudana a dama gefen Volga Upland. Ga shi ya zama kula mafi m. The dama banki na Volga high, bar guda - low.

A birnin Cheboksary ne hydroelectric dam, wanda aka located sama da tafki.

Babban aikin gandu na kogin a kan wannan sashi: Oka, Sura, Vetluga, Sviyaga.

ƙananan Volga

Its cikakken ikon da karfi na kogin bayan mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Kama samu. A wannan sashi, yana tafiya tare da Volga Uplands. Skirting da Zhiguli Mountains, Volga Forms da Samara Bend. Shi ne dan kadan fi da Kuibyshev tafki (shi adjoins Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka). Balakovo a cikin kusanci da kogin tsaye Saratov HPP. A gundumar Volgograd River fuskanci Don. Kawai sama da gari an rabu ta hagu hannun riga, Akhtuba. Its tsawon - 537 km. Tsakanin kogin da kuma ta hannun riga ne da ake kira Volga-Akhtubinskaya ambaliyar bayyana, kunsha na babban adadin ducts.

Ba da nisa daga Volgograd, a kan kogin yanki tsakanin birni da kuma farkon Akhtuba aka located Volzhskaya HPP da Volgograd tafki.

Aikin gandu na kogin a wannan shafin quite kananan. Wannan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, Samara, Great Irgiz Eruslan.

bakin Volga

A fannin kusa da kogin Don jũya da kuma kara gudana zuwa kudu maso gabashin har zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu na Caspian Sea. A batu inda babban tashar rabu Ahtuba fara Delta Volga. Yana maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na kimanin 19.000 murabba'in kilomita. Delta 500 hada hannayen riga. The most of su - shi Akhtuba Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya Volga, Bolda, Buzan. Na biyu hannu na ya ce ci gaba da kiyaye dace da shipping da kuma siffofin Volga-Caspian tashar. Kigach, wanda kuma shi ne daya daga cikin makamai da kogin, crosses da yankin Kazakhstan.

A Volga Delta yana dauke da babbar a Turai. A tarihi, shi ya canza matsayinsu da kuma sawun. Delta zamani irin kafa a kusa da III karni AD, a lokacin da tsohon tashar bai iya jimre da ya karu girma na ruwa. A cikin shekaru 130 da shekaru, shi rage matakin na Caspian Sea. A sakamakon haka, a wannan lokaci na yankin Neja Delta yankin da ya karu da game 9 sau.

A bakin Volga ne na karshe birni a kan kogin - Astrakhan. An located a kan goma sha tsibiran a cikin sama ɓangare na yankin Neja Delta.

Ikon da Mode

River Volga, da ɓangaren da abin da aka tattauna a sama, kafin gina kududdufai halin da gagarumin hawa da sauka a matakin (kasa da bakinka Kama suka kai 17 m). Yau, irin tsanani saukad da spills ba ya lura.

Da yawa daga cikin ikon da kogin dama a kan snow-ruwa (60%). Muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tsari ma wasa ruwan sama (10%), kuma ƙasa (30%) "shigowa". A ko'ina cikin shekara da Volga wuce ta hanyar da dama m canje. A cikin spring (Afrilu zuwa Yuni) ne a ruwan tufana. A lokacin rani da kuma hunturu a cikin kogin matakin ne markedly rage. A cikin kaka (yawanci a watan Oktoba) akwai ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa.

A warmest watanni ruwan zafin jiki a cikin kogi ya kai 25º. A Volga freezes a cikin sama da kuma tsakiyar rabo, yawanci a watan Nuwamba, a kasa - har sai Disamba. Free na kankara a kogin kawai kafin Astrakhan (a cikin Maris). Volga manya da ƙananan rabo Kamyshino bude a farkon rabin watan Afrilu. Sauran daga cikin kogin fito daga torpor na hunturu a tsakiyar wannan watan.

albarkatun kasa

Volga a kan taswira rufe sararin ƙasa. Yana gudanar ta hanyar da gandun daji, steppe da steppe zone. River tun zamanin da aka sani na da kifi da albarkatun. Yana gida bream, roach, sturgeon, irin kifi, catfish, Pike. Abin baƙin ciki, da gina kududdufai, da samu daga ruwa ne ba zai amfana wa adana duk wannan bambancin. A yankin Neja Delta na Volga River Reserve da aka kafa. A da karkararta tun 1919 yana da musamman shuke-shuke da dabbobi karkashin jihar kariya. Daga gare su, Lotus, sturgeon, pelicans, flamingos.

Volga (Gwargwadon wuri, musamman abinci, musamman Flora da fauna) yanzu da kyau gane. Tare da wani fahimtar da canje-canje faruwa tare da kogin cikin ta rayuwa, daya zama sane da matsalolin hade tare da su. Yau, babban Rasha kogin a dire bukatar kare dũkiyõyinsu. Abin farin, mai girma yawan mutane suna fara gane hatsarin matsalolin muhalli. Yana za a iya yi fatan, saboda haka, cewa musamman yanayin da kyau na da bankunan na Volga zama haka saboda mutane da yawa ƙarni.