Gabobin da tukar tumbi. Students kasafi gawarwakin

Kadaici ne kau da gubobi kafa a sakamakon metabolism. Wannan tsari yana da muhimmanci ga rike da zaman lafiyar na ciki yanayi - homeostasis. Names of rabuwa na dabba gabobin ne bambancin - musamman shambura metanephridia. Mutumin yana da wani inji ga aiwatar da wannan tsari.

kasafi gawarwakin tsarin

Tafiyar matakai na rayuwa ne quite hadaddun kuma dauki wuri, a kowane rukuni - daga kwayoyin to kwayoyin. Saboda haka, su aiwatar da bukatar wani dukan tsarin. Excretory gabobin da mutum outputted daban-daban abubuwa.

Wuce haddi ruwa da aka cire daga jikin ta wajen huhu, fata, da hanji, da kuma kodan. Tã karfe salts ware hanta da hanji.

Huhu - miciwa, jigon da ya ta'allaka ne a cikin jiki ne oxygen da kuma cire carbon dioxide daga gare ta. Wannan tsari ne na duniya muhimmancin. Bayan saki carbon dioxide shuke-shuke da dabbobi amfani for photosynthesis. A gaban carbon dioxide, ruwa da haske a cikin kore sassa na shuke-shuke da dauke da pigment chlorophyll, sai suka samar da wani carbohydrate glucose da oxygen. Ga shi ne irin wani m sake zagayowar abubuwa a yanayi da aka samu. Bayan huhu ana ma ci gaba da cire wuce haddi ruwa.

Jimloli hanji undigested abinci sharan gona, da kuma tare da su da kuma cutarwa kayayyakin da metabolism, wanda zai iya sa guba kwayoyin.

Narkewa kamar gland shine yake da hanta - a real tace ga jikin mutum. A shi ake dauka daga cikin jini na mai guba abubuwa. A hanta secretes musamman enzyme - bile, wanda obezorazhivaet gubobi da kuma kawar da su daga jiki, ciki har da guba na barasa, kwayoyi da kuma magunguna.

fata rawa a cikin matakai na kadaici

Duk da gabobin da tukar tumbi ne irreplaceable. Bayan duk, a take hakkin su aiki a cikin jiki zai tara poisons - gubobi. Na musamman muhimmancin a cikin wannan tsari taka mafi girma mutum sashin jiki - fata. Daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan - shi ne aiwatar da thermoregulation. A lokacin m aiki jiki saki mai yawa zafi. Accumulates, shi zai iya sa zafi fiye da kima.

Skin shirya tsanani zafi fitarwa, ajiye kawai da zama dole adadin. Tare da nan, sai ruwa, suna cire daga jikin ma'adinai salts, urea da kuma ammonia.

Ta yaya ne kadan?

Man ne mai dumin jiki dabba. Wannan yana nufin cewa jikinsa da zazzabi ba ya dogara ne a kan klimaticheskiz yanayi a wanda ya rataya ne ko dan lokaci zaune. Organic abubuwa da shiga daga abinci: sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates - suna karye a cikin narkewa kamar fili don su yayan. Su kira monomers. A babban adadin thermal makamashi sake a wannan tsari. Tun lokacin da na yanayi zazzabi shi ne sau da yawa a kasa jiki zafin jiki (36.6 digiri), bisa ga dokokin kimiyyar lissafi, jiki aika wani ragi zafi a cikin yanayi, Ina nufin, a cikin shugabanci inda shi karami. Wannan rike da zazzabi ma'auni. Tsari tasiri da zafi tsara ta jiki da kuma ake kira gwamnoni.

Idan mutum ya rika zufa da mafi m? Lokacin shi ne zafi waje. Kuma a cikin sanyi kakar gumi kusan ba ya tsaya a waje. Wannan shi ne domin jiki ne ba da amfani ga rasa zafi a lokacin da shi kuma haka ba su da yawa.

Kan aiwatar da thermoregulation rinjayar da juyayi tsarin. Alal misali, sa'ad da jarrabawa sweaty itãcen dabĩnai, wannan yana nufin cewa a Jihar tashin hankali tasoshin dilate da zafi masha'a ƙaruwa.

A tsarin da urinary tsarin

Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kasafi na rayuwa kayayyakin wasa a urinary Gabar tsarin. Ya ƙunshi wani biyu daga koda, ureters, mafitsara, wanda ya buɗe zahiri mafitsara. Located kasa da adadi (Students "rabuwa jiki") ya nuna cikin tsari na wadannan jikuna.

Kodan - babban Gabar kasafi

Excretory gabobin fara mutum kodan. Yana guda biyu wake-dimbin yawa gabobin. Suna located in ciki a garesu da kashin baya, wanda ya juya concave gefe.

Waje kowane daga cikinsu an rufe tare da harsashi. Ta hanyar wani na musamman tsagi, da ake kira da koda kofa ga jiki sun hada da jini, jijiyoyi da ureters.

A ciki Layer aka kafa na da nau'o'i biyu na abubuwa: cortical (dark) da kuma kwakwalwa (haske). A koda an kafa fitsari, wanda aka tattara a cikin wani na musamman tank - kafafuwa, a ci gaba daga gare ta, da ureter.

Nephron - ainihin naúrar na koda

Excretory gabobin, musamman koda, ta ƙunshi wani tsarin na farko raka'a. Yana da yake a wadannan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa faruwa a salon salula matakin. Kowane koda aka yi sama da miliyan nephrons - tsarin da kuma aikin raka'a.

Kowane daga cikinsu an kafa ta a koda corpuscle, wanda a nuna na kewaye da kofin-dimbin yawa kwantena da tangle na jini. Fitsari aka asali faruwa a nan. Daga kowane kwantena tashi convoluted tubules na farko da na biyu tubular, bude tattara ducts.

Ginshikai na samuwar fitsari

Fitsari aka kafa daga jini a sakamakon biyu matakai: tacewa da kuma reabsorption. A farko daga cikin wadannan matakai faruwa ne a corpuscles nephron. Tacewa na jini jini ance duk aka gyara fãce sunadaran. Saboda haka, a cikin fitsari da lafiya da mutum ya kamata ba zama abu. Kuma da kasancewar nuna wani take hakkin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. A sakamakon tace wani ruwa da aka kafa, wanda ake ce da farko fitsari. Its adadin - 150 lita da rana.

Bayan zo na gaba mataki - reabsorption. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa daga primary fitsari a cikin jini sucked baya duk da amfani ga kwayoyin abubuwa: ma'adinai salts, amino acid, glucose, a manyan yawan ruwa. A sakamakon haka ne secondary fitsari - 1.5 lita rana. A kan wannan al'amari, a wani m mutum kada ta kasance mai sauki sugar glucose.

Secondary fitsari a 96% na ruwa. Har ila yau, shi ya hada sodium, potassium da chlorine, urea da uric acid.

Micturition reflex hali

Kowane nephron sakandare fitsari shiga koda kafafuwa, daga abin da gudana tare da ureter zuwa mafitsara. Yana da wani murdede Gabar unpaired. A girma daga cikin mafitsara qara da shekaru, da kuma fara tasawa kai 0.75 l. Waje da kumfa yana buɗewa da mafitsara. A fitarwa ne iyakance ta biyu sphincter tsokoki - madauwari tsokoki.

Don taso urination aiwatar kamata tara a cikin mafitsara daga game da 0.3 lita. Lokacin da wannan ya auku, da rabe ne kara kuzari katangu. Tsokoki kwangila da kuma shakata da sphincter. Urination auku da ka, Ina nufin adult iya sarrafa wannan tsari. Urination iko ta hanyar da juyayi tsarin, ta cibiyar aka located a cikin sacral yankin na laka.

kasafi aiki na gabobin

Kodan taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari na cire karshe kayayyakin da metabolism da kwayoyin, da tsara ruwa da gishiri musayar kuma kula da haƙuri da osmotic matsa lamba na ruwa matsakaici jiki.

excretory gabobin tsarkake gubobi daga jiki yayin da rike wani barga matakin da abubuwa na ciki dole ga al'ada da cikakken aiki na jikin mutum.