Rasha sociologists - garkuwa da tarihi upheavals da kuma siyasa halin da ake ciki

Kamar yadda a da yawa m kasashen a Turai, da ci gaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya a Rasha ya fara a tsakiyar XIX karni. Wannan horo ne wani reshe cewa karatu da dokokin aiki na al'umma da kuma tsarinta. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba a kasar mu mai yawa m tarihi upheavals da kuma siyasa halin da ake ciki, a kuma wani lokaci.

Pre-neman sauyi lokaci

A farko Rasha sociologists ne zuwa babban har kasance wahayi zuwa da kayayyaki na Yammacin masana kimiyya. Farko na Auguste Comte, Georga Zimmelya da Emilya Dyurkgeyma. Duk da haka, a cikin gida yanayi, wannan kimiyya ya samu wani sosai musamman hali. A cikin gida gona da manyan matsala da aka kasa ra'ayin.

A sa'an nan da Rasha sociologists Mun halitta da yawa daga cikin banrazana ga kasar (kuma jera ne m har yau) ra'ayi: Slavophilism, Westernism, da sauransu. Sa'an nan fitowan na biyu sansani cewa goyi bayan wadannan ra'ayoyi, a tsare da sociological tunani a kasar a tsakiyar XIX karni. Slavophiles sun natsu da cewa tarihi yanayi a Rasha sun kafa nan a kaucewa musamman zamantakewa kwayoyin, Saboda haka da bukatar kara zaman kanta ci gaba da kuma kin amincewa da ra'ayoyin na Turai hanya, har ma fiye da haka daga cikin lunguna. Rasha sociologists Westernising jin zuciya daukarsa Rasha a matsayin wani ɓangare na kowa Turai wayewa da kuma kira ga rabuwar Game da dabi'u, kazalika da speedy hadewa a cikin Turai iyali.

Wajen ƙarshen XIX karni da kuma a farkon karni XX Rasha kimiyya tunani shi ne mafi kyau ba shakka na subjectivism. A cikin Rasha gaskiya cewa koyarwar shafi da ikon da mutum muhimmanci shafi cikin shakka daga tarihi a kan nasu, ko da kuwa haƙiƙa dokokin na zaman jama'a da kuma tarihi ci gaba. Mafi shahara Rasha sociologists pre-neman sauyi lokaci: N. Danilevsky, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov da sauransu.

Sociological kimiyya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

A farko post-neman sauyi da shekaru goma, akwai har yanzu quite mai yawa da 'yanci domin cin gaban sociological ideas. A jam'iyyar da aka sha fama da ciki rarrabuwa da kuma gwagwarmayar da ra'ayoyi kan yadda za a hanya ya kamata ci gaba a jihar. Kimiyya na al'umma a wannan lokaci, shi ne gane kuma ko da tallafawa fiye da amfani Rasha sociologists.

Saboda haka, a Petrograd da Yaroslavl jami'o'i da aka ko da halitta sashen. A shekara ta 1919, Cibiyar ilimin halayyar da aka kafa a kasar, da aka buga dacewa wallafe-wallafe. Duk da haka, da manĩsanci, da more free-manema saukar da maye gurbinsu da wani akidar Karl Marx tsarin kula da nazari na al'umma.

A cikin 1930s, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ba ne a cikin gwamnati ta wulãkanci, zama a Sashin kimiyya zuwa gare shi. Wani sabon yunkurin raya timidly shan Rasha sociologists na karni na 20th a karo na biyu da rabi, a lokacin da a shekarun 1960s shi aka katse ci gaba na ci gaba a cikin tsarin da alaka sciences - falsafa da kuma tattalin arziki. Wasu amincewa da kimiyya na zamantakewa da ci gaban kawai samun a 1970-1980 ta, kuma da sake fasalin kudin, kuma ya aikata yanci. Duk da haka, da kudi auka na jihar kawo ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, kazalika da yawa wasu kimiyyar, domin shekaru zuwa tsaya cak.