Velikiy Ioann Paul 2: biography, rayuwa, tarihi da kuma annabcin

A rayuwa na Karolya Voytyly, wanda duniya ya sani da sunan John Paul na 2, da kuma da aka cika da mai ban tausayi da kuma farin ciki events. Shi ne na farko da shugaban Kirista da Slavic asalinsu. Sunansa yana da nasaba da wani babban zamanin. A ofishin, Paparoma John Paul 2 nuna kansa a mai rashin jirgin saman soja da siyasa da kuma zamantakewa zalunci na mutane. Da yawa daga cikin jama'a maganganun da tallafawa yan-adam da 'yanci, da juya shi a cikin wata alama ce da gwagwarmaya da mulkin.

yara

Karol Yuzef Voytyla, nan gaba mai John Paul na 2, an haife shi a wani karamin gari a kusa Krakow a wani soja iyali. Mahaifinsa, a leftana na Yaren mutanen Poland Army, ya master na Jamus harshe da kuma tsare horar da yaro. Uwar nan gaba pontiff - wani malami, ta kasance, a cewar wasu kafofin, wani Ukrainian. Shi ne gaskiya cewa magabatan John Paul 2 kasance daga Slavic jini, tabbas bayanin gaskiyar cewa Paparoma san kuma mutunta duk da ake dangantawa da Rasha harshen da al'adu. Lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas da haihuwa, ya rasa mahaifiyarsa, ya kuma rasu yana da shekaru goma sha biyu da wana. Kamar yadda wani yaro, yaron ya m na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya so ya yi girma har ya zama wani artist, kuma a cikin shekaru 14, ko da rubuta a play taken "King-Ruhu."

matasa

A shekara ta 1938, John Paul II, wanda biography kishi na wani Kirista wanda ya sauke karatu daga kwalejin kuma dauki classic asiri na miromazaniya. A cewar masana tarihi, Karol karatu quite nasara. Bayan kammala sakandare ilimi kafin yakin duniya na biyu, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Krakow Jagiellonian University a Faculty of Polish Nazarin.

Domin shekaru hudu, ya gudanar ya wuce philology, adabi, rubuce-rubuce na Church, kuma ko da kayan yau da kullum na Rasha harshe. A matsayin dalibi, Karol Wojtyla sa suna a wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo bitar. A lokacin zama na furofesoshi na daya daga cikin shahararrun jami'o'i a Turai da aka aika zuwa taro sansanonin, da kuma azuzuwan hukumance ƙare. Amma nan gaba Paparoma ya ci gaba da karatu da halartar azuzuwan clandestinely. Kuma ba za a dauka don Jamus, kuma ya iya ci gaba da mahaifinsa, wanda mamaye yanke pensions, saurayin ya tafi zuwa aiki a wani quarry kusa Krakow, sa'an nan ya koma da sinadaran shuka.

samuwar

A shekarar 1942 Karol sa suna a general ilimi da darussa tauhidin Seminary, wanda sarrafa clandestinely a Krakow. A shekarar 1944, Akbishop Stefan Sapieha dalilan tsaro koma Wojtyla kuma da dama wasu "ba bisa doka ba" seminarians a diocesan gwamnati, inda suka yi aiki a cikin Akbishop fādar har zuwa karshen yakin. Goma sha uku na harsuna m John Paul II, tarihin rayuwa tsarkaka, ɗari falsafa da kuma tauhidin da falsafa ayyukansu, kazalika da goma sha huɗu encyclicals da biyar littattafan da aka rubuta da shi, sanya shi daya daga cikin mafi haskaka pontiffs.

Bauta da coci

A farko na Nuwamba 1946 Wojtyla da aka wajabta a svyaschenniki.Bukvalno kamar wata kwana, ya tafi zuwa Roma don ci gaba da tauhidin ilimi. A shekara ta 1948 ya kare doctoral rubutun a kan ayyukan reformate Carmine, Spanish Sufi karni na sha shida St. Yahaya na Cross. Bayan haka, Carol koma gida, gle aka nada mataimakin ga rector na Ikklesiya kauyen Negovich a kudancin Poland.

A shekarar 1953, a Jagiellonian University gaba pontiff kare wani dissertation a kan batun dama ga nazari na Kirista xa'a bisa da'a Scheler tsarin. A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar ya fara koya halin kirki tauhidin, amma nan da nan da Polish kwaminisanci gwamnati rufe da baiwa. Wojtyla sa'an nan ya tambaye su kai sashen na xa'a a cikin Katolika University a Ljubljana.

A shekarar 1958, Paparoma Pius XII nada shi karin bishop a cikin Archdiocese na Krakow. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara ya keɓewa,. Shagulgulan Akbishop na Lviv sanya Bazyak. Amma bayan mutuwarsa a 1962, an zabe Wojtyla Vicar Kapitulna.

Daga 1962 zuwa 1964 na farko biography na John Paul 2 ne da nasaba, da na biyu Vatican Council. Ya dauki bangare a duk zaman, gudanar da nan Paparoma John XXIII. A 1967, nan gaba Paparoma da aka daukaka zuwa Cardinal-firistoci. Bayan rasuwar Paul VI a 1978, Karol Wojtyla ya zabi a cikin conclave, a sakamakon wanda ya sa aka zabe Paparoma John Paul I. Amma a kawai na karshe talatin da uku kwanaki shũɗe. A watan Oktoba 1978 ya dauki wani sabon conclave. Mahalarta taron da aka raba biyu sansani. Wasu kare da Akbishop na Genoa Dzhuzeppe Siri, domin ta shahara ra'ayin mazan jiya ra'ayoyi, yayin da wasu - Giovanni Benelli, wanda aka sani a matsayin mai sassaucin ra'ayi. Kada ka zo da wani yarjejeniya, ƙarshe conclave ya zaɓi wani jayayya dan takarar da suka zama Karol Wojtyla. A cikin Accession zuwa papal kursiyin, ya dauki sunan da wanda ya riga.

dabiu

Paparoma John Paul na 2, wanda biography ya ko da yaushe aka haɗa tare da coci, ya zama shugaban Kirista a pyatidesyativosmiletnem shekaru. Kamar wanda ya gada, sai ya nemi ya rage wuya da post pontiff, musamman, hana ta na wasu daga cikin sarauta halaye. Alal misali, ya yi magana kansa a matsayin shugaban Kirista, ta amfani da wakilin suna "I", ya ƙi sa kambi, maimakon wanda ya kawai sarautarsa. Ya taba sa a Tiara kuma dauki kansa a bawan Allah.

Sau takwas John Paul 2 ziyarci mahaifarsa. Ya taka leda a babbar rawar a cewa sauya gwamnati a Poland a cikin marigayi 1980s ya faru ba tare da guda harbi. Bayan ya zance da Janar Jaruzelski karshe lumana mika jagorancin kasar Valencia, ya riga ya gudanar a samu papal albarka ga mulkin demokra garambawul.

ƙoƙari

Goma sha uku May 1981 da rai na John Paul II kusan m. Cewa wannan rana, a St. Square. Peter a Vatican da aka kashe shi. Mai yi zama memba na Turkish nisa-dama tsauraran Mehmet Agca. 'Yan Ta'adda munanan raunuka da pontiff a ciki. An kama shi nan da nan a scene. Bayan shekaru biyu, Dad zo zuwa Agca a kurkuku inda ya bauta wa daurin rai da rai. A aka azabtar da laifin na dogon lokaci game da wani abu ya ce, amma ya yi magana game da topic na su hira, John Paul 2 bai so, ko da yake, da kuma ya ce ya gafarta masa.

annabce-annabce

Daga baya, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa harsashi ya kwashe hannun Uwar Allah. Kuma dalilin da ya zama shahararren Hasashen na Fatima da Virgin Mary, da suka san Yahaya. 2 Paul annabcin na Our Lady, musamman, da karshen ne don haka sha'awar cewa ya sadaukar da nazari shekaru da yawa. A gaskiya, da tsinkaya kasance uku: na farko daya yana nufin biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe, na biyu a kamã da jũna form damu da juyin juya halin a Rasha.

Kamar yadda na uku annabcin da Virgin Mary, sa'an nan na dogon lokaci shi ya kasance batun da hasashe da kuma mutumin da hasashe, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba: The Vatican ya dade da aka gudanar da shi a zurfin asiri. A mafi Katolika limaman aka ma gaya musu cewa shi zai zama har abada a asiri. Kawai Paparoma John Paul 2 mutane yanke shawarar bude wuyar warwarewa karshe Fatima annabci. Ya ko da yaushe aka halin da ƙarfin hali da ayyuka. Iya goma sha uku, da rana da ya vosmidesyatitrehletiya, ya ce ya bai gani da batu na bukatar a kiyaye asirin Virgin Mary tsinkaya. Vatican Sakataren harkokin in general ce cewa Lucia rubuta wani Nun, wanda kamar yadda wani yaro da aka a Hail Maryamu. A rahoton cewa, Budurwa Maryamu, ya annabta da shahadar hanyar da Paparoma zai zama a cikin karni na ashirin, har ma da yunkurin John Paul II, cikakken Turkish 'yan ta'adda Ali Agdzhoy.

shekaru na pontificate

A 1982, sai ya sadu da Yasser Arafat. A shekara daga baya, John Paul II ziyarci Roma ta Lutheran Church. Ya zama na farko da shugaban Kirista da ya yi ƙarfin halin dauki wannan mataki. A Disamba 1989 Paparoma a karo na farko a cikin tarihin na Vatican ya yarda da Soviet shugaban. Su kasance Mikhail Gorbachev.

Hard aiki, da yawa tafiye-tafiye a fadin duniya rushe da kai na Vatican ta kiwon lafiya. A watan Yuli 1992, da pontiff ya sanar da game asibiti. A John Paul II ya kamu da wani ƙari a cikin hanjinsu, wanda da za a cire. The aiki ya ci nasara, kuma nan da nan pontiff koma ta al'ada rayuwa.

A shekara daga baya, ya sanya tabbata cewa tsakanin Vatican da kuma Isra'ila suka kulla dangantakar diplomasiyya. A watan Afrilu 1994, pontiff slipped kuma fadi. Sai ya juya daga abin da yake da karayar femoral wuyansa. Independent masana sun ce shi ne to da cewa John Paul 2 ya fara Parkinson ta cutar.

Amma ko da wannan tsanani cuta ba ya dakatar da pontiff a cikin zaman. A 1995, ya nemi gafara ga mugun abin da Katolika a baya ya sa mũminai daga sauran addinai. Bayan shekara daya da rabi da pontiff ziyara Cuban shugaban Castro. A 1997, shugaban Kirista yana zuwa Sarajevo, inda a cikin jawabin ya yi magana game da bala'i na yakin basasa a kasar a matsayin wani kalubale ga nahiyar Turai. A lokacin wannan ziyarar, da hanyar da ya motorcade sau sun minefields.

Da cewa wannan shekarar, da Paparoma ya sauka a Bologna a dutse concert, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin mai saurarõnsu. Bayan 'yan watanni, John Paul na 2, wanda biography ne cike da wanzar da zaman lafiya, yin pastoral ziyara zuwa yankin na gurguzu Cuba. A Havana, ganawa da Castro, ya yi Allah wadai da takunkumin tattalin arziki a kan kasar da kuma shugaban wuce da jerin ɗari uku fursunonin siyasa. A culmination na wannan tarihi ziyarar zama wani taro da cewa pontiff ciyarwa a cikin juyin juya halin Square a Cuban babban birnin kasar, inda za su fiye da mutane miliyan. Bayan na tashi na Paparoma, hukumomin saki fiye da rabi daga cikin fursunonin.

A cikin biyu dubbai shekara, da Paparoma ya sauka a Isra'ila, inda a Urushalima a Yammacin Wall na dogon lokaci da yin addu'a. A shekara ta 2002, a Damascus, John Paul II ziyarci masallaci. Ya zama na farko da shugaban Kirista, wanda ya yanke shawarar ya dauki wannan mataki.

zaman

Allah wadai da duk yaki da kuma rayayye sukar su, a 1982, a lokacin da rikicin na cikin Falkland Islands, da pontiff ziyarci da United Kingdom da kuma Argentina, na kira da'a hadakai da wadannan kasashe yi zaman lafiya. A shekarar 1991, da Paparoma yi Allah wadai da rikici a Persian Gulf. A lokacin da a 2003 da yakin Iraki ya fara, John Paul 2 aika da Cardinal daga Vatican a kan wani tawagar zaman lafiya zuwa Bagadaza. Bugu da kari, ya sanya albarka a wani legate wani zance da nan, shugaban kasar Amurka Bush. A lokacin taron, ya manzon isar da gwamnatin Amirka mai kaifi da kuma wajen korau hali na pontiff da mamayewa na Iraki.

apostolic ziyara

John Paul 2 ziyarci game da ɗari da talatin da kasashen waje a lokacin da yake tafiye-tafiye. Mafi muhimmanci ma, ya zo a Poland - sau takwas. A Amurka da kuma Faransa, da pontiff shida ziyara. A Spain da kuma Mexico, shi ne sau biyar. Tafiya da wannan manufa ne su nufin inganta da karfafa matsayin Katolika, a duniya, kazalika da kafa links tare da sauran addinai, da kuma musamman tare da Musulunci da kuma addinin yahudawa. Ko'ina cikin Paparoma ya yi magana fitar da tashin hankali, advocating ga mutanen da ta hakkoki da abubuwan da musun da kama-gwamnatocin.

A general, a lokacin da ya tsaya a kai na Vatican Paparoma tafiya fiye da miliyan kilomita. Ya unfulfilled mafarki zauna a tafiya zuwa kasar mu. A zamanin mulkin kwaminisanci a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ya kai ziyara ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan fall da Iron Curtain ziyarar da yake shi ne siyasa yiwu, amma sai aikata zunubi da pontiff ziyarar, da Rasha Orthodox Church.

ƙauracewata

John Paul 2 mutu a tamanin da biyar shekara na rayuwa. Dubban mutane sun ciyar da dare daga Asabar zuwa Lahadi na biyu a watan Afrilu 2005, a gaban Vatican, dauke a cikin memory daga ayyukan ƙwarai, kalmomi da image wannan ban mamaki mutum. A St. Bitrus Square aka lit kyandirori kuma shirun mulki, duk da babbar dama na masu makoki.

jana'izar

Farewell to John Paul II ya kasance daya daga cikin rare bikin a cikin 'yan tarihin' yan adam. A jana'izar ibadar da ya samu halartar ɗari uku da mutane dubu hudu mahajjata miliyan yi da shugaban Kirista ya zuwa rai madawwami. Fiye da biliyan muminai da dukan addinai su yi addu'a ga natsuwã rãyuka marigayin, da kuma yawan masu kallo wanda ya kalli bikin a talabijin, ƙidãya ba zai yiwu ba. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ya countryman commemorative tsabar "John Paul 2" da aka saki a Poland.